• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.25-43
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• 2003

This study is to classify the types of Jikryung and to look into formative . periodic Characteristics. Results of analyzing can be described as follows. 1. Jikryung in the Chosun Era was classified according to whether it had a side hem. Jikryung which had side hem was reclassified according to the position of the side hem into inside, inside and outside and outside fold types and backward leaning type. Jikryung with no side hem was reclassified into types of closed and opened sides. 2. Concerning formative Characteristics, the type of inside fold was coexisted with the types of short front and long rear, the same front and rear, and narrow sleeves, bean chaff typed sleeves. Inside and outside fold type was used the type of short front and long rear, narrow sleeves. Outside fold type was used the type of same front and rear, bean chaff typed sleeves. Backward leaning type was used the same front and rear, wide sleeves. The types of closed and opened sides transformed from double Sup to single Sup and from narrow sleeves to bean chaff in its form and wide sleeves. 3. Concerning periodic Characteristics, the 1st period of Jikryung with side hem showed up the type of inside and outside fold, the 2nd period did the type of outside fold, The 3rd period did the type of backward leaning. Regarding Jikryung with no side hem, its 1st and 3rd periods saw the type of closed side, while its 2nd period coexisted with the types of closed and opened sides.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2004

In order to study the effect of formulation type on the burning characteristics of smoke generator, fenarimol smoke generators containing the powdered rice chaff as a combustible carrier were prepared by molding the kneaded mixtures into various shapes. Smoke generators containing wood flour as a combustible carrier were also prepared and compared with smoke generators containing rice chaff. All the fenarimol smoke generators moulded into powders, granules, and rods continuously burned out when the sodium chlorate content exceeded 11%. Regardless of their types, the highest smoking rate of fenarimol was observed with more than 13% of sodium chlorate. The smoking rate of active ingredient followed with the increasing order of powder (64.5%) < granule (78.4%) < rod (90.9%). The smoke rod was robust, easy to ignite, and showed the highest smoking rate among the tested formulations. When the mixture of wood flour and anti-flame agent was used as a combustible carrier, the burning rate was so slow that wood flour formulation seemed to be more suitable to a slow-burning fumigant rather than smoke generator.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1982

This experiment was conducted to study on some morphological characteristics of rice grain and chaff with specific gravity. The size of grain was greater in grains with heavier specific gravity. Indica varieties were large in length, but short in width and thickness of grain, and was thin in grain form and small in volume of grain compared with Japonica variety. The coefficient of variability was high in grains with lower specific gravity. The accumulation of assimilation product was more influenced with width and thickness rather than length of grain. The percentage of fully ripened grain was high in small size variety. The green rice and imperfect grain showed higher distribution ratio in the lower specific gravity. The chaff of less filled grain had higher content of nitrogen and lower content of potassium and sillicate than the filled.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.326-335
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• 1986

In cold water irrigation, some growth and yield were decreased by heavy application of nitrogen but in-creased by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Among growth characters, number of spikelets per panicle and grain filling ratio were affected significantly. Cold damage in number of spikelets, spikelet sterility and degeneration of spikelet and branch could be reduced by increasing application amount of phosphate, potassium and in particular silicate. Number of spikelets per branch was closely related with number of spikelets per secondary branches. Number of abortive grains and immature grains had negative correlations with yield and could be reduced by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Heavy nitrogen application led to high total nitrogen content and restrained the uptake of phosphate, potassium and silicate. However, adverse results were showed by heavy application of phosphate, potassium and silicate. Inorganic element contents in branches were lower than those in leaf blades, but higher than those in chaff. Branches showed little differences in inorganic element contents between heading stage and maturing stage. Inorganic element contents in branches were considered to be influenced by those in leaf blades and to affect those in chaff. Some growth characters related to source and sink, such as degeneration of branches and spike-lets, sterility ratio, ripening ratio, and yield had closer relationship with nutrient contents in branches than those in leaf blades and chaff. The results demonstrated that the rachis branch not only was a transport pathway of nutrient but also would play an important role in accumulating substances in panicles.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.696-709
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• 2020

A board was manufactured for each resin and sawdust addition using the chaff made by carbonizing the chaff charcoal, an agricultural by-product that emerge during the rice pounding process, and sawdust. And effects of the additions of resin and sawdust on coefficients of dynamic and static modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, as well as the relationship between the dynamic modulus of elasticity, statis modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture were investigated. As phenol resin addition of chaff charcoal-sawdust compound board increases to 10~25%, the bending performance has increased. This suggests that resin addition largely effects the bending performance. Although the bending performance was gradually increased with the increase in sawdust addition, since the coefficients of determination (R²) between the sawdust addition with the coefficients of dynamic, static modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture were 0.4012, 0.0809, and 0.1971, respectively. Thus, it showed a relatively lower correlation, and the effect of sawdust on bending performance was small. Since a high correlation was confirmed between dynamic and static modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture of chaff charcoal-sawdust compound board, it was confirmed that prediction of static modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture can be made in a nondestructive way from the dynamic modulus of elasticity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 1982

In 1980, rice was considerably damaged by abnormal low temperature. In this paper, to determine the effect of low temperature on the growth and nutrition of rice, the experiment were carried out: varietal response to low temperature in the region with different elevations. Regional differences of heading response to low temperature were observed among varieties. The difference of days between regions were bigger in tongil lines than Japonica lines. Especially, Milyang 42 and Hangangchalbeo might belong the cold suceptible group, since the varieties were severely delayed their heading in the high mountainous region as comparred to plain region. The delay of heading with low temperature was brought out grain sterility, and fertility and ripening ratio is influenced cold tolerance and elevations, and it's decreased yield. Varieties with higher grain sterility by low temperature have higher total nitrogen content, but tended to have lower potassium and phosphate contents in the flag leaf. High content of total nitrogen, low contents of potassium and silicate were observed in the sterilized grain chaff an the opposite result were noted in the ferilized grain chaff at the ripening stage. The results reveal that the balance of these mineral element may play an important role in ripening and possibly cold tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of natural materials on quality and yield of radish. The GB$_{10}$, Chitofarm, chaff charcoal, and chaff charcoal sap were used as natural materials. The total plant weight, root weight, root length, and root width of radish in treatment with natural materials showed significant differnce compared with control. The yield of radish in 1% of GB$_{10}$ treatment was increased 75% compared with control. The chemical components were increased in total plant of radish treated with natural materials compared with control. This appears that natural materials increase the quality of radish.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.64-68
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• 1987

To develope the utilities of the chestnut bur, which is wasted after harvesting chestnut in farmhouses, the feasibilities of adhesion(urea resin) extenders of the powder for plywood were examined. These experiments were implemented on experimental scale at Forestry Research Institute(Seoul) and on a plywood mill scale at Eugon Industrial Co LTD(Inchon) for more reliable data. In this paper, it was proved that the chestnut bur powder caused to rise the glue viscosity but the chaff powder to down reversely. The most effective mixing ratio were wheat flour 5kg, chaff powder: 5kg and chestnut bur powder. 5kg per 100kg of urea resin. At this condition, the viscosity were most appropriate (1,320 2,230 cps) for glue spreading operations, and the dry shear strengthes were most adequate(10.7-13.2kg/$cm^2$), wood failure ratio 82-88%). The chestnut bur powder, can be utilized for plywood adhesion extenders without any change of present process lines in plywwod mills.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2010

Migratory birds, by crossing significant ecological barriers, carry and may subsequently introduce exotic seeds into new ecological zones during period of migration. The study of epizoochory, which includes seed dispersal by adhesion to bird feathers, has been relatively neglected compared to the study of seed dispersal by frugivores. To determine whether exotic seeds are being imported to stopover islands by migrating birds, and to estimate the quantity of seeds of exotic species being introduced, we examined migratory birds that were captured in mist nets for attached exotic plant diaspores in 2008 and 2009 on Hongdo Island, Korea. From a total of 3,947 birds examined, we found exotic seeds of Japanese Chaff Flowers (Achyranthes japonica) attached to three species of migratory birds (0.08%; Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris, Swinhoe's Rail Coturnicops exquisitus and Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis). Despite the low occurrence of A. japonica seeds on the external parts of birds, the results suggest that migratory birds may be potential dispersing agents for A. japonica, a species that is currently threatening native ecosystems on many islands in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.645-646
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• 2009

지문 템플릿(Fingerprint Template)을 보호하기 위해 암호학적 기법인 퍼지볼트(Fuzzy Vault)가 적용되었다. 퍼지볼트 기법은 지문으로 부터 추출되는 특징점을 은닉하기 위하여 지문 템플릿에 다수의 거짓 특징점을 "임의"로 삽입하는 방법이다. 그러나 최근 이러한 지문 퍼지볼트를 효과적으로 크래킹 할 수 있는 상관공격(Correlation Attack)에 관한 연구가 발표되었는데, 이것은 동일한 지문으로 부터 생성되는 두 개의 지문 템플릿을 획득함으로써 진짜와 거짓 특징점을 쉽게 구별하는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 상관공격에 강인도록 지문 퍼지볼트를 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 특징점의 각도 정보를 이용하여 거짓선분(Chaff Line)을 생성한 후 "규칙적"으로 거짓특징점을 삽입함으로써, 두 개 지문 템플릿을 획득하더라도 동일한 지문에 대해 삽입된 거짓 특징점의 위치와 각도가 유사하기 때문에 진짜와 거짓 특징점을 구별하기 어려워 상관공격을 피할 수 있다. 실험을 통하여 거짓 특징점을 규칙적으로 저장하는 방법을 적용함으로써 기존 방법의 인식 성능을 유지하면서, 상관 공격에 강인함을 확인하였다.