• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3655-3665
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• 1975

This study was intended to develop a method for measuring the grain separating performance of threshers. The grain separating apparatus used for the experiment was designed and constructed, the function of which was to separate pneumatically mature and immature grain, chaff, straw, dust, and other impurities from the products of threshing. The apparatus has five material outlets where grains and impurities are fallen down by separation depending upon the specific gravity of the material white it moves above the outlets. The principle of design was to separate the mixture of mature grain, immature grain and chaff as distinct as possible, and to induce the mature grains onto the first outlet, the immature grains onto the second and the third, and the straw wastes onto the forth and the fifth outlets. The developed apparatus was tested to evaluate its separating performance with two rice varieties (Tongil and Mine-hikari) at different moisture levels and air velocities. The optimum conditions for operating the apparatus were found from experiment. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The degrees of separation, especially the amount of immature grain contained in the mature paddy, were dependent upon air speed delivered. The optimum air velocities for this apparatus for each levels of grain moisture contents were found from a series of experiments as follows; 14.7-15.3m/sec. for grain of 16 percent moisture content in wet basis, 15.3-16.0m/sec. for 20 percent, and 16.0-16.4m/sec for 24 percent. 2. Composition ratios determined based on the brine separating method was fairly well acted upon the developed apparatus, indicating its recollecting rate of the mature grains as 97.6 to 99.9 percent. The developed separatus acted similarly upon the two rice varieties which had different composition of immature paddy grain. In other words, the separating performance by the apparatus had a good correlation with the one by the brine separating method. 3. As immature grains were separated out unsatisfactory in these experiments than the brine separating method, further investigation may be needed to improve a separating performance of these materials. But the results obtained suggested a possibility of using the tester to replace the current hand separating method, ther eby enabling more consistent test results and also eliminating nearly all costly hand seperating operations.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2015

This study was carried out in order to develop an economical and convenient way to improve storability of sweet persimmon 'Fuyu'. Natural porous materials (bamboo active carbon, chaff charcoal, and Ge-lite) pouching bags were enveloped in the conventional LDPE (low density polyethylene) package during room temperature and low temperature storage. The changes of soluble solids content, flesh firmness, flavor, decay, and softening of sweet persimmon were investigated in the 1- or 2-week intervals. The LDPE packaging with bamboo active carbon treatment was confirmed to maintain longer storability and higher quality than the LDPE packaging only. This method is expected to be applied to both of conventional and organic farming as an economical and convenient way to improve storability on long term storage and during distribution.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2002

This study was conduction to investigate the effects of natural materials such as $GB_{10}$ chitofarm, chaff charcoal, and chaff charcoal sap, on quality and yield of chinese cabbage, Natural materials were treated on seeds soil, and leaves. The total plant weight, head weight, head length, head width, leaf length, leaf width, and sugar content of chinese cabbage in treatment with natural materials showed significant difference compared with control. The yield of chinese cabbage in $GB_{10}$ soil treatment and 1% $GB_{10}$ leaf treatment was increased 53% compared with control. The total nitrogen $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, MgO, $Na_2O$, and Mn in total plant were analyzed. The chemical components were increased in total plant of chinese cabbage treated with natural materials compared with control natural materials increased the quality of chinese cabbage.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 1999

This study investigated the mordanting effect of natural mordants such as camellia ash, bean chaff ash and pyrolignite of iron(Iron(II) Acetate) on silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts. Experimental variables include the conditions of extraction and dyeing, and types of natural mordants. Inorganic ion contents In natural mordants were analysed by Induced Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer. In the ash Al, Fe, Si and Mn were in % unit, Cr and Ni were detected in ppm unit, and in the aqueous extracts of the ash all the metal ions were in ppm unit. On the other hand, fairly high content of Al(2.13% ) in camellia ash extract and Fe(7.91% ) in the aqueous extracts of pyrolignite iron were detected. The absorbance intensity of green tea extracts in UV-Visible spectrum increased with the temperature and time of extraction. The maximum absorption wavelength of the extracts appeared at 272.5nm and 210.5nm. The US values of silk fabrics dyed with green tea extracts were increased with temperature and time of dyeing. Surface color of silk fabric dyed with green tea extracts was 9.1YR, but it was changed from 7.9YR to 7.5YR by camellia ash extract and 7.4YR to 6.4YR by bean chaff ash extract with increase in mordant concentration. Pre-mordanted and post-mordanted fabrics with pyrolignite of iron were changed from 1.4YR to 1.1R and 7.2P to 4.2P, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2008

Biometrics-based user authentication has several advantages over traditional password-based systems for standalone authentication applications. This is also true for new authentication architectures known as crypto-biometric systems, where cryptography and biometrics are merged to achieve high security and user convenience at the same time. Recently, a cryptographic construct, called fuzzy vault, has been proposed for crypto-biometric systems. This construct aims to secure critical data(e.g., secret key) with the fingerprint data in a way that only the authorized user can access the secret by providing the valid fingerprint, and some implementations results for fingerprint have been reported. However, the previous results had some limitation of the provided security due to the limited numbers of chaff data fer hiding real fingerprint data. In this paper, we propose an approach to provide both the automatic alignment of fingerprint data and higher security by using a 3D geometric hash table. Based on the experimental results, we confirm that the proposed approach of using the 3D geometric hash table with the idea of the fuzzy vault can perform the fingerprint verification securely even with more chaff data included.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.15-21
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• 2010

The user authentication using fingerprint information not only provides the convenience but also high security. However, the fingerprint information for user authentication can cause serious problems when it has been compromised. It cannot change like passwords, because the user only has ten fingers on two hands. Recently, there is an increasing research of the fuzzy fingerprint vault system to protect fingerprint information. The research on the problem of fingerprint alignment using geometric hashing technique carried out. This paper proposes the hardware architecture fuzzy fingerprint vault system based on geometric hashing. The proposed architecture consists of software and hardware module. The hardware module has charge of matching between enrollment hash table and verification hash table. Based on the experimental results, the execution time of the proposed system with 36 real minutiae is 0.2 second when 100 chaff minutiae, 0.53 second when 400 chaff minutiae.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2011

Biometric-based authentication can provide strong security guarantee about the identity of users. However, security of biometric data is particularly important as the compromise of the data will be permanent. The fuzzy fingerprint vault system is one of the most popular solutions for protecting the fingerprint template stored in the database. Recently, however, this system is very susceptible to a correlation attack that finds the real minutiae using multiple fingerprint vaults enrolled for different applications. To solve this problem, we propose a robust fuzzy fingerprint vault system against the correlation attack. In this paper, we add chaff minutiae based on the relative information of minutiae such as direction, coordinate instead of adding randomly. Also, our proposed approach allow to add multiple chaff minutiae within tolerance box for enhanced security level. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can protect the correlation attack and achieve enhanced verification accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

To investigate the effects of heat conservation materials on freeze damage and weed occurrence during overwintering in Saururus chinensis, Temperature difference was $6.9^{\circ}C$ in chaff, and was lower than those ranged from 9.7 to $14.4^{\circ}C$ in other materials. Heat conservation index, calculated from average temperatures below $-10^{\circ}C$ of earth's surface during the winter, was higher $1.7^{\circ}C\;and\;1.5^{\circ}C$ in chaff and lagging, respectively than in straw. Preservation of water is greater $9.6{\sim}26.1%$ in covering than in open field, and it increased in the order of lagging > chaff > straw among heat conservation materials. The survival rate of rhizome was increased in the order of 99% in lagging > 75% in chaff > 58% in straw, 32% in open field after overwintering, budbreak began fast, and the numbers of total budbreak per unit area were greater 22 times in lagging than 35.0 units in open field. Weeds occurrence was decreased in covering, i.e., $12.0{\sim}33.2\;units/m^2,\;7.3{\sim}10.7\;kg/10a$ of dry weight, and $5.6{\sim}6.4\;hours/10a$ of labor input compared with $157.2\;units/m^2,\;28.9\;kg/10a$ of dry weight, and 65.7 hours/10a of labor input in open field. Growth of top part was better in covering than in open field, and the number of tillers per unit area showed $347{\sim}396$ compared with 293 in open field. Marketable yields of dried stem and leaves and rhizome were higher $69{\sim}87%\;and\;58{\sim}88%$, respectively in covering than in open field, and among heat conservation materials, those were highest in lagging.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2002

Rotary mountages are the best mountages among all the mountages that are used in sericultural areas. But to use this mountage more space, separate mounting hall & requires more labour to pickup the matured worms. to over come these problems, self mounting method is adopted to save the time Er labour, But the mounting rate is generally less. To accelerate the mounting rate different repellents viz; saw dust, phytoecdysone, 1% cresol with paddy husk, lime, kaolin, gormalin chaff were used in the present study. The results indicated that highest number of larvae climbed the mountage in 1% cresol with paddy husk, followed by phytoecdysone and lime. It is observed that the use of repellents at wandering stage accilerates mounting rate and did not affect the quality of the cocoons and reeling characters.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.178-187
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• 1991

In order to provide fundamental data for the achievement of safe environmental condition, investigation of the actual state of the nutriculture practices in Korea was carried out. The result obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Cultivation area of nutriculture was 6 ha and culture types included deep flow technique(43%), nutrient film technique(45%), gravel culture(6%), chaff charcoal culture(3%) and rockwool culture(3%). 2. Greenhouses were mostly made of pentite pipe frames and covered by polyethylene film, and culture beds were handy combination of cement blocks, concrete and styrofoam, which were not standard products. 3. Development of nutriculture system appropriate to our actual circumstances and improvement of establishments are required. 4. Since there was not farmhouse that performs the environmental measurement and environmental conditions of cultivation were very limited. sensor applied environmental control technology of nutriculture should be developed.