• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1998

Objectives: Minimal improvement in the long-term survival of head and neck cancer(HNC) patients has occurred despite a multitude of advances in the control of loco regional disease and a second primary malignancy(SPM) contribute to the continued poor prognosis for the HNC patients. This study was performed in order to identify the clinical characteristics of SPM in the HNC patients. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 354 patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that were followed up after initial treatment during the period of 1987 through 1994 were reviewed. This study examines the medical records of 354 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, of whom 26 subsequently developed a second neoplasm. Results: The actuarial SPM rate was 7.3%, and median time to presentation for the SPM was 26.8 months. The SPM were more likely to occur in male patients who had oral cavity index tumors. Patient whose index tumor was small at diagnosis had a greater chance of developing a second tumor as did those with no cervical lymph node metastases to the neck. Initial treatment modality was not associated with an increased risk of developing a second tumor. The commonest sites for the SPM were the lung and other head and neck area. The 3-year survival for patients who developed a secondary tumor from the time of its diagnosis was 27.8%. Conclusion: The SPM in the head and neck cancer patients are not uncommon and early detection of the SPM will contribute to increase the long-term survival of HNC patients.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2004

Objectives: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common head and neck malignant tumor. The molecular genetic changes involving both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are known to be involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis, but the roles of the known tumor suppressor genes in carcinogenesis are not fully elucidated. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the genetic alterations including the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) , amplification, and microsatellite instability of known tumor suppressor genes in HNSCC and to evaluate the relationship between genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes and clinicopathologic features. Materials and Methods: Genetic alterations of 10 micro satellite markers of the 6 known tumor suppressor genes (APC, EXT1, DPC4, p16, FHIT, and PTEN) were analysed by DNA-PCR in paraffin-embedded histologically confirmed HNSCC specimens. Results: The genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes were found frequently. Among the genetic alterations, LOH was most frequently found one. LOH was found frequently in APC (45.4%), EXT1 (36.4%), DPC4 (54.5%), and p16 (50%), but not found in FHIT. Also, the author found that abnormalities of APC gene was related to cervical lymph node metastasis and recurrence and that abnormalities of EXT1 gene were coexisted with those of APC gene or DPC4 gene. But these coexistences had no correlation with clinical features. Conclusion: These results suggested that APC, EXT1, p16, and DPC4 genes might play important roles and multiple tumor suppressor genes may participate dependently or independently in the carcinogenesis of HNSCC. These results also suggested that APC gene might relate to prognosis.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2017

Background: The author analyse the impact of extracapsular lymph node spread and bone engagement in the ipsilateral neck of patients suffering squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lower lip. Methods: The data of 56 neck dissections performed in patients suffering SCC of the lower lip between January 2000 and December 2008 were retrospectively analysed. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier life table method, and the survival rate was investigated with the log rank statistic and significance test. The values were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Nine patients took advantage from simultaneous treatment of tumor and prophylactic neck dissection (level I-III), reaching 100% survival rate. Patients suffering metastasized disease, who received radical neck dissection at the time of tumor treatment, presented 83.3% survival rate. Patients who underwent previous surgery and radiotherapy presented worse prognosis although radical neck dissection in case of extra-capsular spread only (24.7%) and osseous engagement (22.2%). Conclusion: Prophylactic neck dissection (level I-III) is recommended in T3-T4 N0 SCC. Simultaneous treatment of tumor and cervical lymph nodes provides a better prognosis as respect to delayed nodal management. Extra-capsular spread with or without bone engagement represents independent risk factor responsible for high mortality rate of SCC of the lower lip.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5861-5865
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• 2014

High risk forms of the human papilloma virus (HPV) are generally accepted as necessary causative agents for cervical cancer. Recently, a possible relation between HPV and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has also been noticed. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of HPV infection in OSCCs in Wuhan city. DNA samples were collected from fresh tissues in 200 patients with OSCC and 68 normal controls. The polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used to identify the HPV types in the samples. The prevalence of HPV of all types in the OSCC group was higher than in the control group (55/200 vs 2/68, OR=11.5, 95% CI=2.6-50.2). HPV16 and HPV18 were the main types detected, with HPV6 was the only low-risk type identified. High-risk HPV types HPV16 and HPV18 are prevalent in OSCC patients and may participate in the development of OSCC with traditional risk factors, tobacco and alcohol, possibly exerting synergistic effects. The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that those who smoked, consumed alcohol and with HPV infection have the highest risk of developing oral cancer (OR=13.3, 95% CI=3.1-56.8). Adjusted for age, smoking and alcohol use, HPV infection was independently associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 1987

Irradiated 88 patients of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma at Yonsei Cancer Center for 10years between 1971 and 1980 were retrospectively analysed. The majority of patients had very advanced disease(87.5% of $T_3\;and\;T_4$) and 17% of cervical lymph node involvement. 80.6% of all patients were epidermoid type. In 44 cases(50%), irradiation alone was performed. 28 cases(32%) of postoperative radiation after incomplete surgery and the remaining 16 cases(18%) of postoperative radiation after radical surgery were done. The majority of patients except 6 cases had irradiation a dose between 60Gy and 80Gy in 30-40 fractions over 6-8 weeks. The actuarial overall 3 and 5 year survival rate were 362% and 26%, respectively. The actuarial 5 year survival rate for 44 cases of radiation alone group was 14.1%, The actuarial 5 year survival rate for 28 cases of incomplete surgery and postoperative radiation group and 16 cases of radical surgery and postoperative radiation group were 312% and 67.4% respectively. In the actuarial 5 year survival rate according to the stage, stage II, III and IV were 79.5%, 20.9% and 0%. In recent, for the improvement of survival rate of advanced Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma at Yonsei Cancer Center, combined multidisplinary or trimodal treatment modality have been applied and in near time the more excellent results expect to be analyse.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.30-33
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• 2016

It is difficult to detect and diagnose a mass at the tongue base, particularly if the mass is located under normal appearing mucosa. Computed tomography (CT), particularly post-contrast images, is useful to evaluate a tongue mass and adjacent structures including cervical lymph nodes. Nevertheless, a definitive diagnosis of a mass is obtained by histopathological examination. In this case, we describe a mass arising from the tongue body to the root in a dog. The patient was referred with ptyalism and an eating disorder. An oral examination was performed, and decreased tongue motility was observed. CT scanning was performed, and a lingual mass was detected. A lingual mass sample was collected by biopsy at the postmortem 2 months later. A histopathological examination was performed, and the lingual mass was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.435-438
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• 2014

An 11-year-old, 2.67 kg female Maltese dog with 3 weeks history of palpable cervical mass near trachea was submitted to a local animal hospital. Radiography and ultrasonography showed radiopaque mass adjacent trachea and vagus nerve. Surgically excised mass was solitary and approximately $3.5{\times}2{\times}0.8cm$ in size. Histopathologically, there were large neoplastic foci admixed with normal thyroid tissues. These neoplastic foci were composed of small to large packets of the neoplastic cells with plasmacytic morphology, and these packets were divided by fine fibrovascular septa. Immunohistochemically, most neoplastic cells in the thyroid mass showed positive reactions for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), chromogranin A, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the negative reaction for vimentin. Based on the gross, histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, this dog was diagnosed as medullary thyroid carcinoma.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.284-291
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological prognostic factors affecting the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients with OSCC who received treatment at the Oral Oncology Clinic of the National Cancer Center (NCC) from June 2001 to December 2020. The patients' sex, age, primary site, T stage, node metastasis, TNM staging, perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), differentiation, surgical resection margin, smoking, and drinking habits were investigated to analyze risk factors. For the univariate analysis, a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were used. Additionally, for the multivariable analysis, a Cox proportional hazard model analysis was used. For both analyses, statistical significance was considered when P<0.05. Results: During the investigation period, 407 patients were received surgical treatment at the NCC. Their overall survival rate (OS) for five years was 70.7%, and the disease-free survival rate (DFS) was 60.6%. The multivariable analysis revealed that node metastasis, PNI, and differentiation were significantly associated with poor OS. For DFS, PNI and differentiation were associated with poor survival rates. Conclusion: In patients with OSCC, cervical node metastasis, PNI, and differentiation should be considered important prognostic factors for postoperative survival.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.27.1-27.13
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• 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent head and neck malignancy, with frequent cervical lymph-node metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis in OSCC patients. The present study aimed to identify potential markers, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes, significantly involved in the etiology of early-stage OSCC. Additionally, the main OSCC's dysregulated Gene Ontology annotations and significant signaling pathways were identified. The dataset GSE45238 underwent multivariate statistical analysis in order to distinguish primary OSCC tissues from healthy oral epithelium. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) with the criteria of p-value < 0.001 and |Log2 fold change| > 1.585 were identified in the two groups, and subsequently, validated targets of DEMs were identified. A protein interaction map was constructed, hub genes were identified, significant modules within the network were illustrated, and significant pathways and biological processes associated with the clusters were demonstrated. Using the GEPI2 database, the hub genes' predictive function was assessed. Compared to the healthy controls, main OSCC had a total of 23 DEMs. In patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), upregulation of CALM1, CYCS, THBS1, MYC, GATA6, and SPRED3 was strongly associated with a poor prognosis. In HNSCC patients, overexpression of PIK3R3, GIGYF1, and BCL2L11 was substantially correlated with a good prognosis. Besides, "proteoglycans in cancer" was the most significant pathway enriched in the primary OSCC. The present study results revealed more possible mechanisms mediating primary OSCC and may be useful in the prognosis of the patients with early-stage OSCC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2005

Purpose : The objective of our study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of p53 and bax proteins as prognostic markers in FIGO stage IIb invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Materials and Methods : Sixty-five cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (stage IIb) that were diagnosed from October 1995 to December 2003 were analyzed retrospectively for the bax and p53 expression. These expressions were determined immunohistochemically and they were correlated to the patients' overall survival and disease-free survival. Results : The overall 5-year survival (OS) rate and the disease-free survival (DFS) rate were $65.1\%$ and $62.9\%$, respectively. p53 and bax immunoreactivity was seen in $26.2\%$ and $52.3\%$ of cases, respectively, with variable levels of expression. On the univariate analysis, only p53 positivity correlated with poor survival in DFS (log-rank test p=0.027), but this significance was not maintained on multivariated analysis by Cox's regression. The nine cases with the immunophenotype ps3+/bax- had the poorest survival. Conclusion : Neither p53 nor bax expression are Independent predictors of the prognosis for stage IIb cervical squamous cancers. Evaluation of p53 and bax co-expression may affect the clinical outcome and further investigation is needed.