• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1365-1367
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• 2011

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.376-385
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• 2009

In our study, the accuracy for measurement of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/PCDFs in certified reference material (CRM) which is the sample of homogeneous sediment matrix taken from an area known to have significant chemical contamination, particularly PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), was evaluated. Though the methodology in this study followed the official method of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UPOPs) announced by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea in 2007, there were slight changes using additional purification step by activated carbon column because the interferences of sample were not sufficiently removed when only multi-silica column and alumina column have been used for purification. The |En| number proposed by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science was used for a valuation basis of the accuracy. The |En| numbers of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/PCDFs have been indicated as 1 and below, they were decided "Pass" in this test, when DB-5MS column and SP-2331 column were used together. Because 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and #169-HxCB were not separated on DB-5MS column, the ions of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD were selected at M/M+2 instead of M+2/M+4 suggested by EPA 1613. It is possible to distinguish them in HRGC/HRMS analysis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2006

This study was performed to develop an analytical method in specified wastes for preventing the environmental pollution from hazardous wastes. Few analytical methods were developed using the waste standard reference materials of sludge, waste oil, bottom ash, etc. which contain As, CN, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Hg compounds. The pre-treatment method was considered by whether or not the synchronous analysis is possible. Waste samples obtained from the 34 representative facilities, which are emitting the hazardous substances, were analyzed.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.485-491
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• 2010

A certified reference material (CRM) of KRISS 109-03-SSD was developed for the analysis of hazardous elements in soil. The target elements were As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn being regulated by the Soil Environment Conservation Act. Starting material was collected from tailing dump of an unworked tungsten mine at Sangdong (Gangwon-do, Korea). The starting material under-went through a series of fabricating process steps of screening, drying, grinding, sieving, blending, bottling, sterilization and was certified according to the ISO Guide 35. Isotope dilution-inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ID-ICP/MS) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) were used for the measurement. Homogeneity was tested according to ISO 13528 annex B. The certified values were determined using the results from two different methods or from two independent measurements using a method. Finally, certified values of seven elements of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc were determined. Mercury did not satisfied the criteria of homogeneity and the result would be provided for information only, together with iron and tungsten. It was also studied, the extractable fraction of elements by aqua regia according to the ISO 11466 protocol being frequently studied for the purpose of environmental monitoring. It was performed as a inter-laboratory study by 6 laboratories of a public institute and universities. Standard deviation among the laboratories was much bigger than the uncertainty of the certified value. The result of inter-laboratory study on the extractable fraction will be provided for information, only.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.311-322
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• 1998

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard test method PS 070-97 has been created for measuring fracture toughness of advanced ceramics. PS 070-97 includes three test methods which use beams in bending: chevron notch (CNB), single-edged precracked beam (SEPB), and surface crack in flexure (SCF). Supporting data has been collected through several Versailles Advanced Materials and Standards round robins. This paper discusses the evolution of the standard including the rationale for the choice of the three methods and the specifications in the standard. Progress on Standard Reference material 2100 which will have certified values of fracture toughness is presented.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 2005

Understandings of adsorption characteristic of interface are very important in several advanced materials processes, related to NT and BT technology. Volumetric gas adsorption method, suitable for absolute measurements, is regarded as the standardized measurement technique for specific surface area. In order to verify the reliability of commercial equipments, certified reference materials (called CRM) of specific surface area are developed and evaluated its uncertainty factors by standard equipment which has traceability to SI units. Specific surface areas of developed materials are $10.72{\pm}0.46m^2g^{-1}$ for silicon nitride powders and $149.50{\pm}3.44m^2g^{-1}$ for alumina. These disseminations of CRMs would result in improved reliability chains in industrial processes, and lead eventually to contribution to productivity improvement, quality management, safety evaluation, and possibly to new material development.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 2020

We have developed 10 μmol/mol nitrogen and oxygen certified reference materials (CRMs) in helium, as a SI-traceable gas standard for a quantifying of impurities in pure gases for the first time in Korea. The standard gas mixtures of nitrogen and oxygen were prepared in 5000 μmol/mol and sequentially were diluted to 250 μmol/mol and 10 μmol/mol according to the gravimetric preparation. In each dilution step, two cylinders of CRMs were prepared. The verification of internal consistency among the prepared gas mixtures was performed by using GC-TCD. The amount fractions and those expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of nitrogen and oxygen in the standard gas mixtures were (10.12 ± 0.08) μmol/mol and (10.18 ± 0.08) μmol/mol for nitrogen, and (9.88 ± 0.06) μmol/mol and (9.94 ± 0.06) μmol/mol for oxygen, respectively. We have conducted a purity assessment of two commercial helium gases using developed CRMs. As the results of the purity assessment, nitrogen and oxygen were detected by (1.66 ± 0.03) μmol/mol and (0.31 ± 0.02) μmol/mol, respectively, as the impurities in one of the pure helium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.367-367
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• 2011

CIGS solar cell with copper, indium, gallium and selenium is a second generation solar cells for the lowering of the manufacturing cost. The relative ratio of the four elements is one of the most important measurement issues because the photovoltaic property of CIGS solar cell depends on the crystalline structure of the CIGS layer. However, there is no useful analysis method for the composition of the CIGS layer. Recently, AES depth profiling analysis of CIGS films has been studied with a reference material certified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. However, there are some problems in AES depth profiling analysis of CIGS films. In this study, the in-depth profiling analysis was investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling analysis. We will present the compositional depth profiling of CIGS films by SIMS and its applications for the development of CIGS solar cells with high efficiency.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2005

A comparison of the analytical data obtained by three $k_0$-NAA software programs was carried out using both the airborne particulate matter collected from an urban site and the certified reference materials of the air filter and urban dust to evaluate the performance of the analysis. The individual $k_0$-NAA standardization methods of three countries, Korea, China and Vietnam which had been modified from the well established $k_0$-program were used for the comparative analysis. The measured concentrations of 30 elements from the two kinds of air samples based on this software were in agreement with each other within about 20% analytical error except for a few elements. By contrast, the results of China and Vietnam were moderately higher than that of Korea due to a systematic error associated with the detection efficiency, gamma peak analysis and geometric effect.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.166-172
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• 2023

The utilization of methyl 2-aminobenzoate as a biocide and pesticide has raised concerns regarding its potential toxicity. To assess its safety, it is crucial to determine its quantity and related toxicity using reference materials (RMs) or certified reference materials (CRMs). As an RM and CRM containing methyl 2-aminobenzoate within a biocidal product matrix is currently unavailable, this study aimed to produce a high-quality RM containing methyl 2-aminobenzoate, ensuring its homogeneity and stability, following the ISO Guide 35 and ISO 17034. The study determined that the produced RM exhibited homogeneity, as indicated by a calculated F-value (1.91) smaller than the critical F-value (3.02). In the assessment of isochronous short-term stability, the slope of the linear regression for the RM showed no statistically significant difference from zero when stored at temperatures of 4, 18, and 60 ℃ for 4 weeks. Regarding classical long-term stability, the RM demonstrated sustained stability over the course of one year when stored at 4 ℃. This study has successfully developed an RM for monitoring methyl 2-aminobenzoate in biocides and pesticides. Its quality underwent rigorous evaluation, confirming both homogeneity and stability.