• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.250-255
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• 2011

The potential application of ultrafine cerium oxide (ceria, $CeO_2$) as an oxygen gas sensor has been investigated. Ceria was synthesized by a thermochemical process: first, a precursor powder was prepared by spray drying cerium-nitrate solution. Heat treatment in air was then performed to evaporate the volatile components in the precursor, thereby forming nanostructured $CeO_2$ having a size of approximately 20 nm and specific surface area of 100 $m^2/g$. After sintering with loosely compacted samples, hydrogen-reduction heat treatment was performed at 773K to increase the degree of non-stoichiometry, x, in $CeO_{2-x}$. In this manner, the electrical conductivity and oxygen-response ability could be enhanced by increasing the number of oxygen vacancies. After the hydrogen reduction at 773K, $CeO_{1.5}$ was obtained with nearly the same initial crystalline size and surface. The response time $t_{90}$ measured at room temperature was extremely short at 4 s as compared to 14 s for normally sintered $CeO_2$. We believe that this hydrogen-reduced ceria can perform capably as a high-performance oxygen sensor with good response abilities even at room temperature.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.304-307
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• 2007

As to the reflection electrode of LCD (liquid crystal displays), silver-copper-gold alloy (hereafter, it is called as ACA (Ag98%, Cu1%, Au1%)) is an effective material of which weathering resistance can be improved more compared with pure silver. However, there is a problem that gold remains on the substrate as residues when ACA is etched in cerium ammonium nitrate solution or phosphoric acid. Gold can not be etched in these etchants as readily as the other two alloying elements. Gold residue has actually been removed physically by brushing etc. This procedure causes damage to the display elements. Another etchant of iodine/potassium iodide generally known as one of the gold etchants can not give precise etch pattern because of remarkable difference in etching rates among silver, copper and gold. The purpose of this research is to obtain a practical etchant for ACA alloy. The results are as follows. The cyanogen complex salt of gold generates when cyanide is used as the etchant, in which gold dissolves considerably. Oxygen reduction is important as the cathodic reaction in the dissolution of gold. A new etchant of sodium cyanide / potassium ferricyanide whose cathodic reduction is stronger than oxygen, can give precise etch patterns in ACA alloy swiftly at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 1976

Cerium (Ⅳ) ion-initiated graft copolymerizations of acrylamide and of acrylonitirile to silk fibroins were investigated. When acrylamide was used, the change in ceric ammonium nitrate concentration exhibited a maximum in degree of grafting at 0.01 M. Also observed was that the change in acetic acid content in reaction media gave a maximum in degree of grafting at 7% acetic acid in water. Degree of grafting was increased generally with increase in acrylamide concentration reaction time and reaction temperature. When acrylonitrile monomer was used for grafting,different results were obtained. Addition of nitric acid was more effective in enhancing the degree of grafting than the addition of acetic acid.Generally the grafting of acrylonitrile to silk fibroins was less efficient than the grafting of acrylamide. The portion of grafted silk fibroins insoluble in Lowe's reagent exhibited the IR absorption bands characteristics to both vinyl polymers and silk fibroins, indicating the grafting of vinyl monomers to silk fibroins. To examine the molecular weight of graft vinyl polymer, a sample of grafted silk was hydrolyzed by 10% sodium hydroxide. Viscosity measurements indicated that the molecular weight of the graft polymer was in the range of 105.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.416-417
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• 2006

Nanostructured ceria powder was synthesized by a thermochemical process and investigated its applicability for an oxygen gas sensor. An amorphous precursor powders prepared by spray drying a cerium-nitrate solution were transformed successfully into nanostructured ceria by heat-treatment in air atmosphere. The powders were a loose agglomerated structure with extremely fine $CeO_2$ particles about 15 nm in size, resulting in a very high specific surface area $(110\;m^2/g)$. The oxygen sensitivity and the response time $t_{90}$ measured at sintered sample at $1000^{\circ}C$ was about -0.25 and very short, i.e., $3{\sim}5$ seconds, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2003

Oxindoles(6a-g) are obtained by rhodium(II)-catalyzed Wolff rearrangement of diazoquinolinediones in moderate yields. Treatment of 6a-g oxindole derivatives reacted with CAN in acetonitrile at room temperature to gave 7a-g isatins in good yields. The structures of these compound were identified by MP, IR and NMR-spectra.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2016

$CeO_2$ nanoparticles were prepared by a flame spray pyrolysis from aqueous solution of cerium nitrate. The morphology, structure crystallinity and specific surface area of as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Telle (BET). The $CeO_2$ nanoparticles about 5 nm in diameter showed a cubic fluorite structure and polyhedral morphology. The average particle size increased as the cerium nitrate concentration increased. UV absorption performance of the as-prepared nanoparticles was measured by UV-visible spectroscopy. UV absorption of $CeO_2$ nanoparticles was more effective than that of commercial $TiO_2$ nanoparticles. Effect of dopants such as Ti and Zn to $CeO_2$ nanoparticles on UV absorption properties was also investigated. In case of $Ti/CeO_2$, and $Zn/CeO_2$ nanoparticles, they showed a little higher UV absorption values compared with $CeO_2$ nanoparticles. The as-prepared nanoparticles can be promising materials with high UV absorption value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.144-144
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• 2016

플라즈마 전해 산화법(Plasma electrolytic oxidation)에 의해 형성된 코팅층은 특유의 기공구조로 인해 부식 환경에 노출 시 부식액의 침투가 급속히 이루어지는 단점이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위한 방법으로 유기코팅, sol-gel법, 폴리머 코팅 등에 의해 기공을 봉공(sealing)하는 방법이 제안되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Al 합금의 플라즈마 전해 산화 처리 후 질산 세륨 수용액(Cerium nitrate solution)에 의한 봉공 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. PEO 코팅을 위한 전해액은 2g/L의 KOH와 $2g/L\;Na_2SiO_3$를 증류수에 용해시켜 준비하였다. PEO 코팅층은 Al 시편을 전해액 내에 위치시켜 양극으로 하고 STS를 음극으로 하여 $0.1A/cm^2$의 펄스 정전류밀도(주파수: 100Hz, 듀티비: 20%)를 15분 동안 인가하여 형성시켰다. 봉공을 위한 실링액은 증류수에 $0.3g/L\;H_2O_2$와 $1g/L\;H_3BO_3$를 첨가하고, $Ce(NO_3)_3$를 농도 변수로 첨가하여 준비하였으며, PEO 코팅 처리된 시편을 실링액에 침지하여 실링액의 농도와 침지시간을 달리하여 봉공을 실시하였다. 제작된 PEO 코팅층에 대해 SEM, EDS, XRD를 이용한 표면분석을 실시하였으며, 내식성을 확인하고자 동전위분극시험을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 세륨 실링 처리된 PEO 코팅 층에서 미량의 세륨 성분이 검출되었으나, 세륨계 화합물 생성에 의한 마이크로 크기의 기공의 폐쇄는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한, 전기화학적 특성 평가 결과 실링 처리된 PEO 코팅층의 경우 Al 모재에 비해 2차수 정도 감소된 부식전류밀도를 나타내었다. 이 같은 내식성의 향상은 세륨 성분에 의한 부식 억제 효과 때문으로 판단된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.3338-3342
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• 2011

We fabricated ceria ($CeO_2$) nanofibers by applying a mixed solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and various concentrations of cerium nitrate hydrate ($Ce(NO_3)_3$) ranging from 15.0 to 26.0 wt % by the electrospinning process. Ceria nanofibers were obtained after calcining PVP/$Ce(NO_3)_3$ nanofiber composites at 873 and 1173 K. The SEM images indicated that the diameters of $CeO_2$ nanofibers calcined at 873 and 1173 K were smaller than those of nanofibers obtained at RT. As the amount of cerium increased, the diameter of $CeO_2$ nanofibers increased. XRD analysis revealed that the ceria nanofibers were in cubic form. TEM results revealed that the ceria nanofibers were formed by the interconnection of Ce oxide nanoparticles. The ceria nanofibers obtained at low concentrations of Ce (CeL) showed spotty ring patterns indicated that the ceria nanofibers were polycrystalline structure. And the ceria nanofibers obtained at high concentration of Ce (CeH) showed fcc (001) diffraction pattern. XPS study indicated that the oxidation of Ce shifted from $Ce^{3+}$ to $Ce^{4+}$ as the calcination temperature increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2008

세리아는 고체 산화물 연료전지(SOFC, solid oxide fuel cell)의 전해질 재료와CMP( chemical mechanical polishing) 슬러리 재료, 자동차의 3원 촉매, gas sensor, UV absorbent등 여러 분야에서 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 세리아의 입자의 크기와 형상을 조절하여 성능 및 물성을 향상시켜 보다 넓은 분야의 활용을 하고자 실험을 실시하였다. 세리아 합성에 사용되는 전구체인 cerium carbonate의 특성이 세리아 분말의 물리화학적 특성에 직접적인 영향을 주기 때문에 전구체의 합성 단계에서 형상과 크기를 조절하고자 하였다. 세륨염으로 cerium nitrate hexahydrate, 균일침전반응을 할 수 있는 urea를 침전제로 사용하였다. 반응 용매의 유전상수를 조절하고 반응의 과포화도 변화를 이용하기 위하여 에탄올을 첨가하여 입자의 크기 및 형상을 조절, cubic형태의 $Ce_2O(CO_3)_2{\cdot}H_2O$ 결정상을 가지는 세리아 전구체를 합성하였다. 이렇게 생성된 전구체를 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 2시간동안 하소하여 세리아를 합성하고 반응시간, 농도, 에탄올의 함량 변화에 대해 XRD, FE-SEM, particle size analyzer, micropore physisorption analyzer 분석을 통하여 입자의 결정상과 형상, 입도 분포 및 기공분포 등을 반응인자의 변화에 따라 비교 및 해석하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.2917-2921
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• 2014

Cerium-activated yttrium aluminate ($Y_3Al_5O_{12}:Ce^{3+}$) exhibiting a garnet structure has been widely utilized in the production of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a yellow emitting phosphor. The commercialized yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phosphor is typically synthesized by a solid-state reaction, which produces irregular shape particles with a size of several tens of micrometers by using the top-down method. To control the shape and size of particles, which had been the primary disadvantage of top-down synthetic methods, we synthesized YAG:Ce nanoparticles with a diameter of 500 nm using a coprecipitation method under the atmospheric pressure without the use of template or special equipment. The precursor particles were formed by refluxing an aqueous solution of the nitrate salts of Y, Al, and Ce, urea, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (55 K) at $100^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. YAG:Ce nanoparticles were formed by the calcination of precursor particles at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 10 h under atmospheric conditions. The phase identification, microstructure, and photoluminescent properties of the products were evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, absorption spectrum and photoluminescence analyses.