• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.143-143
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• 1998

Antagonists acting at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor have been gaining safer alternatives for stroke therapy because they have few adverse effect competitive and noncompetitive NMDA antagonists. Therefore, the neuroprotect novel glycine site antagonist KC0244 were evaluated in a rat model of transient comparison with GV150526A in a developmental phase. Middle cerebral artery oc was produced by insertion of a silicone-coated 4-0 nylon monofilament to the o in male Sprague-Dawley rats under isoflurane anesthesia. After 90 or 120 min retracted and the ischemic tissue reperfused. In 90-min MCAO model, GV150526A was administered 30 min before MCAO or immediately after MCAO. In 120-min MC KC0244 or GV150526A (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 1 hr before MCAO or imme MCAO. Infarct volume was measured 24 hr after MCAO using the 2,3,5-triphe chloride staining method. In 90-min MCAO model, treatments with GV1505 significantly reduce infarct volume although they tended to slightly reduce cor approximately 19% compared with the nontreated group. In 120-min MCAO model with GV150526A did not either significantly reduce infarct volume although the reduce total infarct volume by approximately 16% compared with the vehicle-tre However, 1-hr preischemic and immediate treatments with KC0244 reduced total i 39 and 30% (corrected total infarct volume by 44 and 32%), respectively, co vehicle-treated control group. The results suggest that KC0244 can provid against transient focal ischemic damage with greater in vivo potency than GV150

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2007

In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBB) (total terpene trilactones, 13 ${\pm}$ 3%; biflavone, 4.5 ${\pm}$ 1.5%; flavonol glycoside, < 8%; proanthocyanidine, under detection limit) on ischemia-reperfusion-induced brain injury in the rats. Ischemia was induced by the intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 2 h and reperfusion was continued for 22 h. GBB was orally administered, promptly prior to reperfusion and 2 h after. Total infarction volume in the ipsilateral hemispheres of ischemia-reperfusion rats were significantly reduced by treatment with GBB in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The therapeutic time window of GBB was 3 h in this ischemia-reperfusion rat model. Furthermore, GBB also significantly inhibited increased neutrophil infiltration of ischemic brain tissue, as estimated by myeloperoxidase activity. These findings suggest that GBB plays a crucial protective role in ischemia-induced brain injury, in part, via inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, and suggest that this GBB could serve as a neuroprotective agent following transient focal ischemic brain injury.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1999

In the present study we have analyzed the characteristics and distribution of the mu-opioid receptor(MOR) by raising anti-peptide antisera to the C-terminal peptide of MOR. The antisera against MOR was produced in New Zealand White rabbit against 15 residue corresponding to amino acids, 384-398 of the cloned rat MOR. The antigenic peptide was synthesized using an Applied Biosystems 432 solid-phase peptide synthesizer. The specificity and identification of the antisera were tested by analysis of transfected cells, epitope mapping and immunohistochemical method. COS-7 cells electroporated with MOR cDNA were used to evaluate the characteristics and subcellular distribution of MOR. MOR immunoreactivity was prodominent in the plasmalemma and subcellular compartments such as endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and vesicle like structure. Furthermore, both tissue sections and transfected cell lines could be immunostained with these antisera and the immunoreactivity was abolished when anti-MOR sera were preincubated with the peptide against which they were raised. Based on epitope mapping analysis, all antisera appeared to have a similar epitope, which was determined to be within the last amino acid, 391-398. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that MOR immunoreactivity was observed in many brain areas including cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, locus coeruleus and the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. These stained spinal cord and brain areas showed the mirrored pattern observed in auto radiographic studies of mu-opioid binding as well as a pattern similar to that seen by is situ hybridization for MOR. Thus, several lines of evidence support the conclusion that the antisera produced in the present study most likely recognize mu-opioid receptor. These results suggest that MOR antisera may be utilized as useful tool to analyze the physiological and pharmacological studies for mu-opioid receptor in the future.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.465-469
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• 1993

낭미충(Cysticercus cellutosae)에 자연감염된 돼지의 각 장기를 조직학적으로 검사하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 피막을 형성하는 낭미충은 골격근, 파하직, 심장 및 뇌조직에서 관찰되었다. 조직학적 소견으로는 골격근의 근막내와 심장 심외막하에서 낭충주위는 피막의 형성과 함께 급성 염증반응이 인정되었고 부위에 따라서는 교원섬유 및 선유아세포의 증식에 의한 두터운 피막이 관찰되었고 인접한 골격근 또는 심근과 견고하게 부착된 예도 있었다. 피막주위에서는 호산구, 임파구, 대식세포의 침윤이 부위에 따라 경미하거나 또는 심한 형태로 다양하였다. 대뇌의 연막하에 형성된 피막주위에는 혈관과 결합조직의 증식이 현저하였고, 혈관주위 원형세포의 침윤과 임파결절 모양의 구조가 인정되었다. GFAP 면역반응은 혈관주위를 따라 GFAP 양성의 섬유가 잘 발달되었고 피막낭 외측을 따라 전체를 둘러싸는 경항이었다. 결론적으로 유구낭미충 감염돼지의 조직소견은 감염 장기에 따라 염증반응이 다양하고 낭충의 피막은 감염 초기에 형성된 것으로 추정되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.72-83
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• 2003

Objective : The goal of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Gamiheechum-tang (Jiaweixiqian-tang; GHCT) on brain tissue damage from chemical or ischemic insults. Methods : Levels of cultured cortical neuron death caused by toxic chemicals were measured by LDH release assay. Neuroprotective effects of GHCT on brain tissues were examined in vivo by ischemic model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Results : Animal groups treated with GBCT showed significantly decreased hypertension, and reduced levels of aldosterone, dopamine, and epinephrine in the plasma. GHCT treatments ($l0-200\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) significantly decreased cultured cortical neuron death mediated by AMPA, kainate, BSO, or Fe2+ when measured by LDH release assay. Yet, cell death mediated by NMDA was effectively protected by GHCT at the highest concentration examined ($200\mu\textrm{g}/ml$). In the in vivo experiment examining brain damage by MCA occlusion, affected brain areas by ischemic damage and edema were significantly less in animal groups administered with GHCT compared to the non-treated control group. Neurological examinations of forelimbs and hindlimbs showed that GHCT treatment improved animals' recovery from ischemic injury. Moreover, the extent of injury in cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons in ischemic rats was much reduced by GHCT, whose morphological features were similarly observed in non-ischemic animals. Conclusion : The present data suggest that GBCT may play an important role in protecting brain tissues from chemical or ischemic injuries.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.623-629
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• 1999

근막극(fascial space)이란 느슨한 결체조직으로 채워진 근층(fascial plane)사이에 존재하는 잠재적인 공간으로 두개악안면 부위에는 복잡한 해부학적 구조와 근육들에 의해 많은 근막 간극이 존재한다. 이들 근막극은 두개악안면부위에 감염이 존재할 경우 일반적으로 근층에 의하여 자연적으로 감염의 확산이 제한되기도 하지만, 감염의 정도가 심한 경우에는 이러한 근층이 파괴되어 감염이 인접 근막 간극으로 전파되는 자연적인 통로가 되며 이로 인해 안면과 경부의 심층까지 감염이 확산되기도 한다. 치성감염이 연조직내로 침투하면 결체조직을 통하여 그리고 근막극을 따라 최소저항의 방향으로 확산되므로 염증은 치성 원인에서 먼 곳까지 파급될 수 있고 심지어는 생명까지도 위험하게 된다. 두경부 연조직의 감염은 현대에는 다양한 항생제가 발달되어 치료에 도움을 주고 있으나, 조기에 적절한 치료가 이루어지지 않을 경우에는 기도폐쇄, 균혈증, 뇌농양, 혈전성 정맥염 등의 심각한 합병증을 야기할 수 있으므로 이들에 대한 조기진단과 적극적인 치료가 필요하겠다. 본 증례에서는 두경부 악안면 근막극 농양환아에 있어서 근관내 배농을 통하여 치료한 바 외과적 술식을 이용한 치료에 비하여 다음과 같은 잇점이 있는것으로 평가되어 이에 보고하는 바이다. 1) 입원을 피함으로서 환자의 경제적 부담 감소 2) 시술의 편의성 3) 환아의 공포감 조성 방지

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2000년도 The 7th International Symposium
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• pp.116-122
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• 2000

The molecular modification of antiepileptic drugs and direct synthesis of new drugs with the predetermined antiepileptic properties are perspective. New neurochemical attacking to solve the problem including prevention and inhibition of seizures seems to be related to ginsenosides and ginseng polypeptides. The main study based on the severity of febrile convulsions of rat pups has been done from the earlier investigations of antiepileptical action of ginsenosides between KGTRI and MSU (Chepurnov, Park et al., 1995) with different kinds of experimental models of epilepsy. From the cultured cell line DAN25 of ginseng root, the extracts of ginsenosides made in "BIOKHIMMASH" were studied by the project of preclinical anticonvulsant screening (Stables, Kupferberg, 1997). The inhibition of severity of convulsions, decrease of seizures threshold, decrease of audiogenic seizures in rats of different strains and normalization of cerebral blood flow (measured by hydrogen test) were demonstrated in rats after i.c.v., intraperitoneally and orally administration, respectively. The antiepileptical effects by the combination of compounds from ginseng; were compared with the iuluence of Rg1, Rb1, Rc and with the well known antiepileptical drugs such as carbamazepine, valproic acid. The base for the research is obtained by using the WAG/Rij strain (Luijtelaar, Coenen, Kuznetcova), an excellent genetic model for human generalized absence epilepsy. The improving action of gensinosides was effectively demonstrated on the model of electrical kindling of amygdala of WAG/Rij rats with genetically determined absences, and the influences of ginsenosides on the slow wave discharges have also been being investigated. The different characteristics of a kindling process exerted in the sex-different region of the amygdala and demonstrated that the level of sex steroids and content of neurosteroids in amygdaloid tissue can modify the development of seizures. The chemical structures of ginsenosides not only have some principal differences from well-known antiepileptical drugs but the Plant Pharmacology gives us unique possibility to develop new class of antiepileptic drugs and to improve its biological activity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 1996

부산대학교병원 흉부외과에서 1982련 3월부터 1992년 2월까지 승모판막치환술을 받은 환자들을 대상으로하여 승모판막치환술 후 장기성적에 대한 분석을 시행하였다. 환자 중 남자는 159명이었고 여자는 215명이 었으며 평균연령은 31.8세였다. 병원사망율은 24례(6.4%)였고 가장 흔한 원인은 저심 박출증후군으로 12례였다. 치환된 판막은 기계 판막이 314개, 조직판막이 60개였고 재치환술을 시행한 경우는 31례로 모두 기계판막을 사용하였다. 거의 전환자에게 coumadin을 투여하여 항응고요법을 시행하였고 국제정상화비(INR)가 1.5~3.0이 되도록 하였다. 생존례의 추적관찰은 93%에서 가능하였고 2270환자-년이었다. 만기 사망례는 12례였는데 그 중 3례가 뇌출혈, 3례가 뇌혈관전색으로 사망하였다. 병원 사망율을 포함한 만기 생존율은 술후 10년에 82.3%였다. 만기합병증의 발생율은 전색증이 1.3%환자-년, 항응고요법과 관련된 출혈성함병증이 1.3%환자-년이었다. 술후 예후에 좋은 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각되는 요인으로는 뉴욕심장협 회의 심기능평가를 포함한 술전 환자상태, 첫 수술인 경우, 판막부속기 보전의 수술법 및 너무 크지 않은 기계판막\ulcorner 사용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.483-488
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• 1998

During cerebral ischemia two important factors such as hypoxia and reduction of glucose can act as modulating stressor affecting the release of amine neurotransmitters including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This study was performed to investigate the effect of glucose deprivation on the oxygen deprivation-induced changes of [3H]-5-HT release in the rat hippocampal slices. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups for this study: normoxic/normoglycemic group, oxygen-deprived group, glucose-deprived group, and oxygen/glucose-deprived group. The hippocampus of rat brain was sliced by 400 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness with manual chopper. After 30 minutes preincubation in the normal buffer, the slices were incubated for 20 min in buffer containing [3H]-5-HT (0.1 M, 74 $\mu\textrm$Ci) for uptake. To measure the release of [3H]-5-HT into the buffer, the incubation medium was drained of and refilled with fresh buffer every ten minutes through a sequence of 14 tubes. Oxygen deprivation by gassing with 95% $N_2$/5% $CO_2$ and/or glucose deprivation was done in the 6th and 7th tube. The radioactivities in each buffer and the tissue were counted using scintillation counter. The results were expressed as fractional release. When slices were exposed to oxygen-deprived media for 20 min, the diminution followed by the rebound release of [3H]-5-HT was observed during the post-oxygen deprived period. However, glucose deprivation or oxygen/glucose deprivation markedly increased the release of [3H]-5-HT. which was opposite to the pattern observed in oxygen-deprived group. These results suggested that oxygen deprivation itself inhibits [3H]-5-HT release in rat hippocampal slices during oxygen-deprived period, but additional glucose deprivation convert the inhibitory response to increase of [3H]-5-HT release.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

Object : The rapid and early oxygen delivery to brain tissue was a common therapeutic method in the treatment of severe head injury patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increased fraction of inspired oxygen in early stage of severe head injury. Methods : The parameters of research were CSF(cerebral spinal fluid) oxygen pressure($PcsfO_2$), lactate, pH, temperature, and CSF carbon dioxide pressure($PcsfCO_2$). We selected 28 patients with head trauma whose the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score was less than 8 point at admission. All patients were mechanically ventilated and monitored with the commercial ICP monitoring device. Each of parameters was compared as increased fraction of inspired oxygen. In experimental cohort of 14 patients, the mean $PcsfO_2$ level was increased to $314.93{\pm}259.15mmHg$ by raising the $FiO_2$ from 40% to 100% for nine hours(p<0.05). And the mean CSF lactate level was decreased to $2.96{\pm}1.98mmol/L$ on 100% $FiO_2$ as compared with $5.98{\pm}3.25mmol/L$ on 40% $FiO_2$ in control group(p<0.05). The only above two parameters were showed statistically meaningful outcome. Conclusions : Although this study was performed in small cohort and short period, these results supports that increased inspired oxygen therapy in severe head injuried patients was recommended as a modality of treatment in future through the continuous survey.