• Advances in robotics research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.101-126
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• 2014

In this article we present modular neural control for a leg-wheel hybrid robot consisting of three legs with omnidirectional wheels. This neural control has four main modules having their functional origin in biological neural systems. A minimal recurrent control (MRC) module is for sensory signal processing and state memorization. Its outputs drive two front wheels while the rear wheel is controlled through a velocity regulating network (VRN) module. In parallel, a neural oscillator network module serves as a central pattern generator (CPG) controls leg movements for sidestepping. Stepping directions are achieved by a phase switching network (PSN) module. The combination of these modules generates various locomotion patterns and a reactive obstacle avoidance behavior. The behavior is driven by sensor inputs, to which additional neural preprocessing networks are applied. The complete neural circuitry is developed and tested using a physics simulation environment. This study verifies that the neural modules can serve a general purpose regardless of the robot's specific embodiment. We also believe that our neural modules can be important components for locomotion generation in other complex robotic systems or they can serve as useful modules for other module-based neural control applications.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1970

The ratio of occurrence of azalea (Rhododendron mucromultum T.) was determined on the north and south facing slopes on a mountain in Koyang county, Kyungi Province. Data was actually recorded at the eight aspects facing N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W and NW on the mountain. In each of the eight aspects, six 10m transect tapes were placed in parallel directly down the slope, each 1m apart, and fifty 1$m^2$ quadrats were constructed between them. Frequency of the azalea in each of these quadrats was determined by counting the central stumps of the bushes Soil samples were also taken from pits dug in each plot to use for determination of the following: Soil pH, soil moisture loss on ignition, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus. The occurrence rate of azalea on the northern slop e was found to be for higher on the northern slope than on the southern slope. The abundance of azalea on the northern slope was found to be partially correlated with soil moisture(r=0.93; 0.01>p) and the amount of humus in the soil (r=0.04;0.01>p). The content of total nitrogen, soil PH, and available phosphorus in the soil, however, were found to have no evident relationship with the abundance of azalea. The conditions for growth in the species of azalea Rhododendron mucronulatum T'. were generally found to be more favorable on the northern slope.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

The universe is well known to be consists of dark energy, dark matter and the standard model (SM) particles. The dark matter dominates the density of matter in the universe. The dark matter is thought to be linked with dark photon which are hypothetical hidden sector particles similar to photons in electromagnetism but potentially proposed as force carriers. Due to the extremely small cross-section of dark matter, a large amount of data is needed to be processed. Therefore, we need to optimize the central processing unit (CPU) time. In this work, using MadGraph5 as a simulation tool kit, we examined the CPU time, and cross-section of dark matter at the electron-positron collider considering three parameters including the center of mass energy, dark photon mass, and coupling constant. The signal process pertained to a dark photon, which couples only to heavy leptons. We only dealt with the case of dark photon decaying into two muons. We used the simplified model which covers dark matter particles and dark photon particles as well as the SM particles. To compare the CPU time of simulation, one or more cores of the KISTI-5 supercomputer of Nurion Knights Landing and Skylake and a local Linux machine were used. Our results can help optimize high-energy physics software through high-performance computing and enable the users to incorporate parallel processing.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2022

This thesis explores the principle of a performer's organic action by means of his/her bodily responses on stage. This research has been developed to define the nature of a performer's central task in order to constitute empirical understanding of acting and the purpose of training in addressing the question of what sort of qualitative bodily training is necessary to be in a state of the full body involvement. This study investigates to articulate a performer's fundamental task at the most rudimentary level by utilizing those theatre artists' concepts with practical assumptions. In particular, the key terms, happen and change signifies the quality of a performer's body that has to fit into the given environment in which the performer's body can be subordinated through the moment on stage. Here, we argue that a performer's essential task parallel to make the following moment to happen and change by means of progressing a set of the next moment. In this manner, we also argue that a moment of displaying the performer's conscious effort, forceful and externalizing the visible elements under the use of erroneous language leads his/her body not to function on stage, a state of disengagement from his/her body. Finally, we provide a way to facilitate a performer's organic action by focused on his/her lived experience to create the functional moment which is opposite to the predominance of a representation, maintaining the performer's intellectual sense.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.59.3-60
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• 2020

We present the results of polarization observations at submillimeter wavelengths towards Monoceros R2 (Mon R2). The polarized thermal dust emission was obtained from SCUBA-2/POL-2 at 450 ㎛ and 850 ㎛, simultaneously. This observation is a part of the JCMT BISTRO survey project. The polarization angle distributions at 450 ㎛ and 850 ㎛ are similar and the mean value of angle differences at two wavelengths is 5.5 degrees. The Mon R2 is one of massive star-forming regions containing a clear hub-filamentary structure. The hub region shows star formation activities, and surrounding filaments provide channels for matters to move into the hub region. It is not well known the role of magnetic fields in a hub-filamentary structure. Some studies have shown well-ordered polarization segments along a filamentary structure and magnetic field morphology traced by polarization segments is interpreted as to help gas flow along the filamentary structrue. Our observations shows that filaments in Mon R2 have spiral structure and the magnetic field lines are parallel to the filaments. We interpret that the spiral structure can be formed by a rotation hub-filament system with gas flowing along the filaments to the hub. We found several dust clumps at the central part of the hub region of the Mon R2. They seems to be formed at locations where spiral field lines meet each other. These results show one observational example that a magnetic field play a role in gas flow.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2011

본 연구는 최근 2005년 1월부터 2010년 5월까지 발생한 한반도 중서부지역(36-37.8$^{\circ}N$, 126-128$^{\circ}E$)의 내륙 지진중 규모 2.2 이상의 17개 지진에 대한 단층운동의 해를 구하여 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 각 지진의 진앙을 재결정하고, 이를 기상청의 진앙자료와 비교한 결과 대부분 $0.03^{\circ}$ 이내로 대체적으로 유사한 값을 보인다. 진원기구해는 P파 초동극성을 이용하는 방법과 SH파의 극성 및 SH/P 진폭비를 추가하는 방법으로 구하였다. 대부분 주향이동 운동 혹은 주향이동성분이 포함된 사교단층 운동의 특징을 보이며, 주응력장의 P축은 동북동-서남서 혹은 동서 방향이 우세하게 나타난다. 진원기구해는 주로 북북동-남남서와 서북서-동남동 방향의 단층면 혹은 단층보조면을 보이는데, 이는 지표 주구조선의 전반적인 방향과 잘 일치한다. 따라서 진앙이 지표 선구조선과 잘 일치하지 않는다고 하더라도 소규모적으로 지표에 나타나지 않는 이 방향의 지각의 약대를 따라 활성화 했을 가능성이 크다. 또한 경기육괴와 옥천대의 지체구조구에 따른 응력장이나 단층면해의 차이는 나타나지 않으며, 전반적인 한반도의 응력장 분포와도 일치한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the distributing pattern of stress according to the types of occlusal load on the finite element models of the splinted implant prostheses. The finite element model was designed with the parallel placement of two fixtures ($4.0mm{\times}11.5mm$) on mandibular first and second molars. The cemented crowns for mandibular first and second molars were made. Three-dimensional finite element model was created with the components of the implant, surrounding bone and cemented crowns. Two types of occlusal load, the point load and the surface load within 0.5 mm radius circle, were applied to the finite element models with 200N magnitude in axial(along the long axis of the implant and oblique(angulation of $30^{\circ}$ to the long axis) directions perpendicular to cuspal incline. Loads were positioned from the center of central fossa and to distance of 2 mm and 4 mm apart from the center of central fossa. Von-Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the fixtures and sections. The results were as following : 1. Under axial loading at the central fossa, the stress was distributed along the fixture except for the apical portion, not relative to both point & surface contacts. 2. With offset distance increasing, the highest stresses were concentrated in the neck portion of the fixture. 3. The maximum von Mises stress under the oblique load was greater than that under the axial load. 4. Under the oblique load, the highest stress were concentrated in the buccal side and lingual neck portion of the fixture with offset distance increasing. The results had a tendency to increase the stress on the neck portion of fixture with the offset and oblique loads increasing. The design of occlusal scheme should be allowed to distribute stress axially in maximum intercuspation and to decrease the angulation of cuspal incline.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Aromatic rice has become popular owing to its aroma. Growing demand for aromatic rice has spurred interest in the development of domestic cultivars that offer similar combinations of grain attributes such as texture, cooking characteristics, aroma, and taste. In this study, the most important agronomic attributes and aroma of 26 cultivars from Afghanistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan, and controls from Japan, Thailand, and India were characterized. Also $F_2$ populations derived from the cross between(Jasmine 85 aromatic$\times$Nipponbare non-aromatic) and(Jasmine 85$\times$Basmati 370 aromatic) were obtained. Tasting individual grains, cooking test, 1.7% KOH sensory test, and molecular marker analysis have been applied to distinguish between aromatic and non-aromatic rice. Diversity for some traits of agronomic importance, such as plant height was detected among countries, e.g. Afghan cultivars classified as tall, and Iranian and Uzbek intermediate and short, respectively. Differentiations of panicle, grain, leaf, basal internode, and culm dimension among rice cultivars, indicating the source of rice diversity in Central Asia. According to the results, 6 of 10, 2 of 7, and 0 of 6 of Afghan, Iranian, and Uzbek rice cultivars were scored as aromatic, respectively. Therefore, Afghan cultivars are a good source of aromatic rice germplasm for Central Asia. The expression between aromatic and non-aromatic, and aromatic and aromatic combinations has been evaluated. The observed segregation ratio of these crosses in the $F_2$ populations was tested by $x^2$ analysis against the expected ratio for a single gene. A segregation ratio of 3:1 between non-aromatic and aromatic combination has been detected, while segregation has not been detected between the aromatic and aromatic combinations. Also, parallel results were obtained from the tested aromatic rice cultivars. Thus, our results suggest that a single recessive gene controls aroma in all aromatic rice cultivars.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 루프의 반복들간에 종속 관계가 존재하는 루프의 효율적 수행을 위한 중앙 큐 기반의 새로운 할당 기법 CDSS(Carreid-Dependence Self Scheduling)를 제안하며, 이를 공유 메모리 환경에서 Java 언어로 구현하였다. 또한, 중앙 작업 큐 기반의 병렬 루프를 위한 셀프 스케쥴링(self-scheduling) 기법들을 루프 캐리 종속성(loop-carried dependence)을 가진 루프의 할당에 적용하기 위한 그들의 변형에 대해 알아본다. 제안된 기법은 종속 거리에 따른 동기화 시점을 고려하여 루프를 세 단계별로 할당하는 셀프 스케쥴링 기법이다. 단일처리기 시스템을 포함한 여러 플랫폼에 적용하기 위해 제안된 방법과 변형된 기법들을 스레드 레벨로 구현하였다. 응용 프로그램과 시스템 파라메터 값을 다양하게 하여 변형된 기법들과 비교 분석한 결과, 제안된 기법은 변형된 다른 기법들에 비해 스케쥴링 오버헤드를 포함한 전체 루프의 수행 시간을 줄여 효율적이다. 변형된 SS, Factoring, GSS, CSS에 대해 각각 0.02, 40.5, 46.1, 53.6%의 성능 향상을 보였다. 그리고, CDSS 기법으로 다양한 응용 프로그램에 대해 종속 거리에 해당하는 적은 수의 스레드를 사용하여 최대의 성능을 얻을 수 있다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2017

조사광산들은 페루 중부 오욘지역 다중금속 광화대내 다양한 형태로 부존하고 있다. Iscaycruz Zn-Cu-Pb 광산은 다금속 교대 및 스카른 광상으로, 상부에 백악기 퇴적물이 놓여있는 이토질의 쥐라기 퇴적물로 형성된 퇴적암 층군내에 배태한다. 이 층군내 화성암의 관입은 다금속 광화작용을 발생시켰다. Raura Pb-Zn-Cu 광산은 백악기 마차이(Machay) 석회암층이 퇴적되어 있으며, 섬록반암이 관입과 연관된 암맥들에 의해 광화작용이 발달한다. 여러 개의 광체가 발달하고 있으며, 그 중 카투보(Catuvo)광체는 Pb-Zn 광물이 우세하게, 니나코차(Ninacoha)광체는 Ag가 풍부한 방연석이 산출된다. 에스페란자(Esperanza)광체와 레스토라도라(Restauradora) Cu-Ag 광체는 맥상으로 수많은 소규모의 구조에 의해 광화작용이 규제되고 있다. Huaron 광산은 Ag, Pb, Zn Cu 광화작용에 의해 형성된 열수다중금속광상으로, Huaron 배사구조내에 주로 위치하는 몬조나이트 암맥의 관입과 관련된 구조내에서 발달한다. 광화작용은 주요 단층계에 평행한 맥상으로, 역암과 기타 적합한 층서면의 탄산염부분과 관련된 "manto"로 알려진 교대광체로, 그리고 맥의 교차점에서 몬조나이트 관입체내 광염상으로 나타난다.