• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.237-253
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• 2018

In order to understand China's internet governance, this paper examined 1,931 Internet policies of China by bibliometric techniques. Specifically, the bibliometric techniques include simple document counting, co-word analysis, collaboration network analysis and citation analysis. The findings include: (1) China's Internet legislations mainly emphasized e-commerce and Internet governance, and, to some extent, neglected personal data protection; (2) China's Internet is under intensive multiple regulatory controls by central government. A large number of government agencies are involved in Internet policy-making. The Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Information Leading Group of the State Council, enforced fewer policy documents, but occupy higher positions in the Internet governance hierarchy; (3) China's Internet legislation system is primarily composed of industry-specific administrative rules, rather than laws or administrative regulations. Nevertheless, laws and administrative regulations received significantly more citations owing to their superior force. This paper also discussed current gaps in China's internet governance and how the country's internet policies are situated in the broader global context.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.357-363
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• 2011

Mediation has long been praised as one of effective dispute resolution methods in the area of construction law. Article 85-1 of the Taiwan Government Procurement Act was amended and promulgated by presidential decree on July 4, 2007. The second paragraph of the Article elaborates explicitly, "In the event that the application for mediation referred to in the preceding paragraph is made by the supplier, the agency may not object to such application." Beyond that, if an unsuccessful mediation of a construction dispute is due to the agency's disagreeing with the proposal or resolution for mediation proposed by the Complaint Review Board for Government Procurement ("CRBGP"), the agency may not object to the arbitration filed by the supplier. It undoubtedly reinforces the importance of the mediation-arbitration procedure. Accordingly, this paper elaborates on the mediation mechanism in Taiwan in the framework of construction disputes first. After that, dispute resolution of a local public work case is provided to demonstrate the practice of construction mediation in Taiwan. Lastly, this study proposes suggestions on applying mediation to ease similar subsequent cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.106-114
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• 2012

As Incheon International Airport(IIA) is located in an island 50-km away from Seoul, various travel equipments for access are required. So far two connecting bridges are constructed funded by civilian funds. For the further bridge construction, the reduction of forecast traffic amount and the government subsidy for the civilian funds are big issues. Comparing the access traffics of IIA to those other competing airports, traffic conditions inside the airport are superior to other competing airports from the management point of view, as utilization conditions and equipment capacities are periodically monitored and evaluated to set up comprehensive countermeasures following constructing by stages. However, while the accessability to IIA is very important, as IIA is built on an island the conflicts between near-by developers and traffic facility operators make further bridge construction difficult. As improving the accessibility to an airport is not easy to achieve only by the IIA management's efforts, the central government level authorities should organize a committee with agencies concerned and analyze the characteristics of access traffic periodically to suggest reform measures for each organization concerned to implement appropriate undertakings at apt timing. For the future, central government's level empirical research on the airport accessibility for synthetic and systematic plan set-up is expected.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2011

The change in the Japanese rental housing policy since the 1990s appeared as a reduction in the role of central government, an expansion in the local government's discretion, and an increase in the dependence on the housing market. As a result, the supply of new public rental housing decreased drastically and the rent regulation was eased. This study is designed to evaluate the validity of the policy change through an analysis of the change in housing affordability of tenants during the period of 1983~2008. The analysis showed that the housing affordability and the accessibility to the housing market by tenants had been improved, confirming that if the public rental housing stock was properly used, the housing needs of the low-income tenants would be met without new supply. Therefore, it appeared that the change in the Japanese rental housing policy may have a certain amount of validity. However, the study pointed out that the validity of the policy change must be limited as the future risk factors such as the possibility of residualisation of public rental housing and the increase of poor households according to job insecurity were not well considered. Accordingly, in conclusion this study suggests that new policy instruments should be developed at central government-level, such as offering incentives for local governments and establishing a housing allowance etc.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.310-321
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• 2012

This study was conducted to establish collaborative governance for North Korean Refugees' settlement support service. Three major actors were identified. At the central government level, there is no control center to coordinate various functions. This study suggested three roles for central government in collborative governance, which are policy planning based on public value, allocating financial resources to implementing organizations, and program evaluation for securing public accountability. The rloes of local government are establishing communication channels between implementing participants, maintenancing good relations, and coordination. Finally, the role of private actors is developing high quality service programs, connecting local resources for settlement service.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-103
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• 2019

In December 2017, the Moon Jae-in administration announced a major policy shift away from nuclear and coal, committing itself to the vision of creating a society where renewable sources account for 20% of its electricity generation by 2030. This energy transition involves not just a technical transition from conventional energy sources to renewable energy but also active participation of multiple stakeholders in the energy governance. While energy policy making has long been dominated by the central government in Korea with the aim of managing the supply for rapid industrialization and economic growth, the Moon administration aims to diffuse the central government's authority across various actors in society. Among those actors, this study focuses on the roles that local governments play in energy transition. Despite deepening local autonomy since 1995, Korean local governments have remained policy targets or recipients in the energy policy domain. This article discusses how such a traditional role has evolved under the new administration's energy transition policy and examines what challenges and limitations local governments face in creating a more decentralized energy governance system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to figure out the current condition of local governments (Si or Gun) to implement rural development policy in the face of the central government's drive for increasing devolution. Since late 1990s or early 2000s when scope of rural policy began to expand quantitatively, there has been considerable increase in rural residents' participation into community projects as a whole. Nevertheless, there exists regional differentiation in local governments' efforts to systematically support rural development projects (CRDP: Comprehensive Rural Development Programme) and community activities by setting up intermediary organizations or hiring rural development professionals in a public office. According to this survey on local government officials, regions that have made such efforts to support rural policy at a local level, show more advanced level of institutional capacity than other regions in local decision making process for CRDP, role of strategic rural developmental plans, vitality of community actors, etc. In the era of increasing devolution, these differences can be expected to result in diverging performances of each area in regionalized rural policy. The central government needs to introduce EU's LEADER-type rural development programmes to support community acitivities by various local actors and at the same time promote local governance building for rural policy, adopting institutional rewarding system such as rural planning contract.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2005

The conventional markets in small towns have showed a different trend, compared with those of urban district. As the conventional markets, which are located in urban districts, are being depressed, those in small towns are being activated by each local government. The activation of conventional market is being recognized as an important means for developing communities, and the project for fostering conventional market is being competitively carried out by each local government. The active center of conventional market is constituted centering on the central area of the market. However, in case of the small towns' conventional markets, it is known that the market site, which is secured at market day, heavily influences on the central area. Thus, in order that the small towns' conventional markets may be activated, securing territories of conventional markets and market site should be considered. Altogether, in order to activate the conventional markets, some conclusions were derived as follows: Expanding market site through improving the usability of space by territories, Controlling peddlers by territories and balancing business items, Amplifying the convenient facilities for users, Securing and improving the central area, Standardizing the facilities that were installed by stores and peddlers.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.42-59
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• 2014

Han Pilgyo (1807~1878) was a scholar-official in the later period of the Joseon Dynasty. The research results on spatial structure and landscape techniques of the central government office reviewed through the Sukcheonjeado(宿踐諸衙圖) album collection edited by Han Pilgyo are as follows. First, Sukcheonjeado(宿踐諸衙圖) using Sabangjeondomyobeob(四方顚倒描法, a Korean traditional drawing type) is uniquely proven historical data which helps to understand the spatial structure of the center and local government offices and the characteristics of cultural landscape. Secondly, the central government office located in Yookcho(六曹) Street which is the outside Gwanghwamun(光化門) of the Main Palace(Gyeongbokgung, 景福宮) of the Joseon Dynasty has a center facility(Dangsangdaecheong, 堂上大廳) and attached buildings which are distributed from high to low or from left to right, according to its order of presidency in square-shaped portion of land. The main building was located facing south and by considering the administrative convenience, the environmental effect and the practice of Confucian norms this structure reflects a hierarchical landuse system. Thirdly, the main buildings such as Dangsangdaecheong and Hyangcheong(鄕廳), which are the working place for government officials had large square front yards for constructing a practical patio garden. The back garden was tended to reflect the meaning landscape, with such as pond and pavilion. A particular point was the repeated crossing of active space and passive space(movement and stillness, building and yard, yard and garden), which implements the Yin-Yang principle. Fourth, the characteristics that can be extracted from the central government office landscapes are (1) expandability of outdoor space, connects of front gardens, emphasizes the characteristic of serviceable gardens and back gardens, which in turn emphasizes scenic sides, (2) introduction of water features(square-shaped ponds) that can be used as fire-water and considers environmental-amenity and landscape characteristics, (3) introduction of pavilions for relaxation, mental and physical discipline, and the development of back gardens, (4) significance of Jeongsimsoo(庭心樹) in such things as selection of concise landscape plants like lotus, willow, pine, zelkova and so on, and limited plant introduction, (5) environmental design techniques which set importance on not only aesthetics and ideality but also practical value. Thus, these aspects of the government office landscape can be said to be the universality and particularity of Korean traditional landscape technique and can be extracted similarly in the palaces, temples, lecture halls, and houses of the upper class of the Joseon Dynasty.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.125-143
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• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the future government budget in medical expenditures using for the low-income handicapped, because medical expenditures to the low-income handicapped is escalating in these days. It became a big problem not only to the central-government but also to the district-government because they have to subsidize a part of co-payment. This study was designed to project the future government budget using structural model. For the short-term projection, the structural model is stronger than the regression model. The data used for this study were the population projection data based on National Census Data(2000) of the National Statistical Office, the data of Ministry of Health & Welfare, and the data of National Health Insurance Corporation from November 2m to June 2001. The results of the study are summarized as follows: The future government budget in medical expenditures using to the low-income handicapped will be 15-18 billion Won in the year 2003, 16-23 billion Won in 2004, 18-30 billion Won in 2005, 19-38 billion Won in 2006 and 21-49 billion Won in 2007. It is predicted that they would be increasing rapidly. Therefore, the government budget in medical expenditures using for the low-income handicapped must be enlarged.