• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.33
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• pp.308-336
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• 2000

Bridge - Treading was a flok festival that was held on the night of the 1st full moon of the lunar new years. Men and women, both young and old, took pan in it in the belief that crossing a bridge, or bridges, back and forth, the same number of times as the number of years they were old, on this night would prevent all types of leg and foot ailments from occurring throughout the coming year. The practice was carried on mainly around the Seoul central region of Korea. Though it has now largely disappeared, it has been reatores in the Yeoju area. According to the Korean almanac and other chronicles, it was once practiced throughout the land. It is in the preserved was brige-treading festival of yeoju, however, that both the original form, transmission, and function are clarified and brought to light. In this regard, when compares to similar festivals of other region such as Songpa and Kwacheon, it is found that of Yeojo has a special characteristic. Accompanied by folksongs, music, and dance, this was not a religions festival in the strict sense, but rather an annual custom filled with mirth and merriment that formed an integral part of Korean folk culture.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 2022

Background: Subjects with frozen shoulder (FS) might not be comfortable with vigorous physical therapy. Clinical trials assessing the effect of graded motor imagery (GMI) in FS are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of GMI as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy in individuals with painful FS. Methods: Twenty subjects aged 40-65 years having stage I and II of FS were randomly divided into two study groups. The conventional physiotherapy group (n = 10) received electrotherapy and exercises while the GMI group (n = 10) received GMI along with the conventional physiotherapy thrice a week for 3 weeks. Pre- (Session 1) and post- (Session 9) intervention analysis for flexion, abduction, and external rotation range of motion (ROM) using a universal goniometer, fear of movement using the fear avoidance belief questionnaire (FABQ), pain with the visual analogue scale, and functional disability using the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) was done by a blinded assessor. Results: Statistically significant difference was seen within both the groups for all the outcomes. In terms of increasing abduction ROM as well as reducing fear of movement, pain, and functional disability, the GMI group was significantly better than control group. However, both groups were equally effective for improving flexion and external rotation ROM. Conclusions: Addition of GMI to the conventional physiotherapy proved to be superior to conventional physiotherapy alone in terms of reducing pain, kinesiophobia, and improving shoulder function for stage I and II of FS.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.159-169
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• 2022

This study investigates the job satisfaction of gig workers in Indonesia, particularly the online motorcycle taxi or ojek drivers, by looking at the influence of proactive behavior, self-efficacy, and job crafting as found in previous studies. Gig workers are classified as 'independent contractors' where some studies show that they achieve high job satisfaction through autonomy and flexibility. However, other studies show that all gig workers do not experience this condition. Location-based gig workers such as the online drivers are highly controlled by algorithm control and customer management, which makes their autonomy and flexibility questionable. The study is quantitative research by conducting a survey approach in seven main cities in Indonesia. Two hundred eighty online ojek drivers participated in this research by fulfilling questionnaires. The result shows that proactive behavior does not directly affect job satisfaction, but self-efficacy fully mediates the relationship. Job crafting has an insignificant influence on job satisfaction, and thus, this variable cannot mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and proactive behavior. The major finding of this study suggests that self-efficacy, which is their belief that they can overcome the challenges and achieve their goals, is very central to shaping job satisfaction of the online drivers.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.303-317
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to conceptualize the process of formation by the exploration of the lives of professional golfers who grow to excellent sports leaders, categorize the concept and suggest models between categories. In order to reveal in depth the change process of the job formation, the 'grounded approach' as a qualitative study was used as a the methodological frame of this study, and snow sampling, one of nonrandom sampling was used for the selection method of the study participants. 10 study participants who are able to make positive self-expression and talk with the researcher were selected. Through grounded approach appropriate for this process research, this study could acquire following results. First, through the casual condition that is the exploration of the lives of professional golfers growing to excellent sports leaders, it connected to the central phenomena of professional instruction methods and education belief as golf leaders. In this process, the changes as new experiences for the charm of the new job and relationship formation influence as the function of a contextual condition. In addition, golf leaders tried to become a more completed golf leader through self-efforts for development and expertise attainment according to the their own situations as well as belief, and they have established the lives of firm golf leaders through the process. Second, as a result of the changes of their lives as professional golfers growing to excellent sports leaders, the paradigm of grounded approach which is abstracted as total 141 concepts, 17 subcategories, and 11 superordinate categories were composed.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.225-247
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• 2009

The values of a organization generate belief and activate participation of community members. Accordingly, it is necessary to find new core values of the school library in addition to access and assistance which are the library's traditional values. This study analyzed the central keywords in the contents of mission and vision appeared in the International School Library Standards and acquired core values being composed of 5 fields such as education, collaboration, access, cultural awareness and sensitivity, and democratic citizenship. As a result of analyses of missions and visions in America, Australia, UK, and Canada School Library Standards, it seems that life-long learning skills, physical access and social responsibility are common core values. America and UK School Library Standards which were revised recently are underlining technology skills, multiple literacies and integrated information literacy curriculum particularly. Ultimately, these core values will be utilized as the directions and basic materials for the establishment of missions and visions for the school library in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.96-103
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• 2007

Reincarnation, literally means "to be made flesh again". It is a mystical belief that the soul lives again in a new body after death. In this study, both material and spiritual elements are reincarnated in the form of the formative art in our life. This is similar to the notion of transmigration of the souls in Buddism and Taoism. Even a work of low merit can be an artifact when we give a new meaning and value through the reincarnation. Reincarnation opens another dimension in the formative art and it can be a new source of energy Andy Warhol, who is a central figure in the pop art movement, seems to have an idea of reincarnation in the base of his work. In Korea, there are many experimental arts in design and advertising which shows reincarnation. In the modem society, the activity and mind of reincarnation have been enhanced through Internet and digital medium and people consider reincarnation as a universal philosophy in the art. Especially, the reincarnation as a continuum of design has many implementations. Now the object will be freely adopted, and transformed and it will open a new age in the formative art. We should be ready to enjoy the arts.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.111-128
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• 2005

This study was conducted under the theory of hermitage ever built from buddhist belief. Directing to hermitages within temples of Korea Jogye Order, we focused on the layout correspondence relationship among them. and 161 hermitages were the first object of the investigation. For the accomplishment of the research purpose, the general epitome and spatial specification through various literature studies, on-the-spot survey and personal communications with a lot of priests were made. As one of the basic surveys, the foundation year were thoroughly investigated, followed by the form of building, main buddha and hermitage name. The results obtained were summarized as follows : Forty five hermitages which are equivalent to twenty eight percent of total hermitages within the parish-level temples of Korea Jogye Order, were built in shilla Dynasty and twenty hermitages that are 12.4 percent of the total were constructed in Koryo Dynasty and thirty seven percent of the total were founded during both of dynasties. This fact makes us to consider that many of hermitages in those days were constructed with the simultaneity of principal temple foundation which means hermitage had responded the spirit of the times. Every hermitage has its main Buddha and this thing happened that each hermitage enshrines its main Buddha according to the thought which was developed with the Buddhism expansion and sutra that is in accordance with their own intention. .Basically a capital temple has differed in its central sanctum in accordance with resourceful sutra, and, at the same time, twenty seven in avatamsk sectenshrine for Sakyamuni as their sanction and eight for the Merciful Goddess and 42.7 percent for Chajang's hermitages. The name of hermitage not only represents its symbol but comprises the characteristic meaning of ascetic practice. 31.7 percent of the hermitages studies was found to have the names of relating to 'ascetic practice' or 'thought' followed by the 'nature' or 'environment' to 21.7 percent.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.207-220
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of the maternal uncertainty in childhood chronic illness. The qualitative research method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were 12 mothers who have cared for a child who had chronic illness. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with audiotape recording done by the investigator over a period of nine months. The data were analyzed simutaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology. The 34 concepts were identified as a result of analyzing the grounded data. Ten categories emerged from the analysis. The categories were lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliarity, negative change, anxiety, devotion normalization and burn-out. Causal conditions included : lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliarity and change ; central phenomena : anxiety, being perplexed ; context. seriousness of illness, support ; intervening condition : belief action/interaction strategies devotion, overprotection ; consequences : normalization, burn-out. These categories were synthesized into the core concept-anxiety. The process of experiencing uncertainty was 1) Entering the world of uncertainty, 2) Struggling in the tunnel of uncertainty, 3) Reconstruction of the situation of uncertainty. Four hypotheses were derived from the analysis : (1) The higher the lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliaity, change, the higher the level of uncertainty (2) The more serious the illness and the less the support, the higher the level of uncertainty. (3) The positive believes will influence the devoted care and normalization of the family life. Through this substantive theory, pediatric nurses can understand the process of experiencing maternal uncertainty in childhood chronic illness. Further research to build substantive theories to explain other uncertainties may contribute to a formal theory of how normalization is achieved in the family with chronically ill child.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2004

Mehndi, becoming a kind of body fashion in western advanced countries nowadays, is a exquisite, classical fashion form sublimated to traditional faith, medicine and designing art. As one of the cultural arts, especially transmitted by women, a individual tradition of the way how to do the mehndi and the design has been handed down from one culture to another over a thousand of years and it is extensively using in many area, all around world today. Mehndi was used as preparing for special events or celebrations in India, Africa, Central Asia in order to pray for happiness, good luck and calm hart 5000 years ago. Especially, it is concerned with romantic love or a wedding and takes important part of a traditional wedding reception and bride adorning in the culture of Hindu or Islam. In addition to adorning skin, mehndi has various symbols, meaning, function, that is, as a speechless language, in several cultures, it has common meaning such as attraction, protection, celebration. The design of mehndi has been in harmony with the figure, colors, skin types of the dress or the ornament. According to the region, religion, design, mehndi is divided into the design of India and Morocco mostly. Indian design mainly shows flowers and paisley pattern, people widely recognize this design to celebrate and adorn bride in wedding ceremony, still apply mehndi the present time. Moroccan mehndi design, representing North Africa, characterized a bold geometrical figure which stands for belief in living under the protection from supernatural power. Through the understanding of these various meaning, function, symbolism of the design, adorning their body, the current general public use mehndi as not only aesthetic means but also another self expression.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2002

Purpose : This research is aimed at developing a substantive theory related to the experience of adjustmented hemodialysis patients by identifying and analyzing the nature, process, and types of adjustment experienced by them. For this purpose, this study takes a grounded theory approach. Method : Data were collected from April, 2002 through September, 2002 through in-depth interviews and close observations of eleven hemodialysis patients who have experienced adjustment. With their consent, the interviews were recorded by audio tapes and later transcribed. Observation memos were also prepared on the subjects' behavior during the interviews. Data collection continued until saturated. The data were analyzed into concepts, subcategories, and categories with the open coding process. The axial coding was done to identify the relationships of the concepts and categories. And the selective coding was done to develop a core category, which is the central phenomenon of the hemodialysis patients who experienced adjustment. Result : This process resulted in 88 concepts, which may be grouped into 24 subcategories and 6 core categories. The 6 categories, in fact, depict the process of changes the patients experience from the sense of crisis, self-control, new life meaning, support system, coping ability, and quality of life improvement. And its core is self-control, which encompasses the dynamic stages from recognition, change attempts, belief solidification, and empowerment. Conclusion : The results of the research offer the following implications. First, research on adjustment is a formative stage in nursing, it is imperative for nursing researchers to develop them, which may be more relevant to nursing. Second, it is important to develop nursing intervention techniques that may be most effective in adjustment of hemodialysis patients and at the same time for each stage of changes taking place in adjustmented hemodialysis patients.