• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03b
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• pp.528-535
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• 2000

Solid waste incinerator is expected to become widely used in Korea. The incineration of solid waste produces large quantities of bottom and fly ash, which has been disposed of primary by landfilling. However, as landfills become undesirable other disposal method are being sought. In this study, an experimental research is conducted to determine the geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash(MSWIF) in order to evaluate the feasibility of using the material for geotechnical applications. Basic pysicochemical characteristics, moisture-density relationship, strength, permeability, and leaching characteristics are examined. The results of MSWIF are compared to other MSWIF and coal fly ash which are used as construction material. In addition, the effectiveness of cement stabilization is investigated using various mix ratios. The result of stabilized mixes are compared to the unstabilized material. Cement stabilization is found to be very effective in reducing permeability, increasing strength, and immobilizing heavy metals. This results indicate that MSWIF with cement stabilization may be used effectively for geotechnical application.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.543-554
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• 2019

İzmir Bay reserves high amount of residual alluvial deposits generated by Meles River at its stream mouth. These carried sediments with high water content and low bearing capacity are unsuitable in terms of engineering purposes. In-situ soil stabilization with deep soil mixing method is considered to improve properties of soil in this location. This method is widely used especially over Scandinavia, Japan and North America. Basically, the method covers mixing appropriate binder into the soil to improve soil profile according to the engineering needs. For this purpose, soil samples were initially provided from the site, classification tests were performed and optimum ratios of lime and cement binders were determined. Following, specimens representing the in-situ soil conditions were prepared and cured to be able to determine their engineering properties. Unconfined compression tests and vane shear tests were applied to evaluate the stabilization performance of binders on samples with different curing periods. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe time-dependent bonding progress of binders in order to validate the results. Utilization of 4% lime and 4% cement mixture for the long-term performance and 8% lime and 8% cement mixture for short term performance were suggested for the stabilization of Meles Delta soils. Development of CSH and CAH in a gel form as well as CSH crystals were clearly observed on SEM images of treated specimens.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.80-81
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• 2013

There is the increasing number of constructing soil or structure on the soft ground during public works. Usually cement or slag cement has been the traditional material for surface soil stabilization method. Recently, early strength development properties of hardening agent is required for driving abilities of execution equipment and shortening of the construction time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the early compressive strength hardening agent for surface soil stabilization. The study was confirmed performance and availability of hardening agent using early strength type cement and industrial by-product minerals through early strength development properties in accordance with water cement ratio, content of hardening agent for soft soil.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2011

Since 1980's, many mines have been closed and abandoned due to the exhaustion of deposits and declining prices of international mineral resources. Because of the lack of post management for these abandoned mines, Farm land and rivers were contaminated with heavy metal ions and sludge. We studied on the solidification/stabilization of heavy metal ions, chromium ions and lead ions, using magnesia-phosphate cement. Magnesia binders were used calcined-magnesia and dead-burned magnesia. Test specimens were prepared by mixing magnesia binder with chromium ions and lead ions and activators. We analyzed the hydrates by reaction between magnesiaphosphate cement and each heavy metal ions by XRD and SEM-EDAX, and analyzed the content of heavy metal ions in the eruption water from the specimens for the solidification and stabilization of heavy metal ions by ICP. The results was shown that calcined magnesia binder is effective in stabilization for chromium ions and dead-burned magnesia binder is effective in stabilization for lead ions.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to find out the effectiveness of soil cement stabilization about the Song-I in Cheju province. The results are summarized as follows; 1.The increasing ratio of unconfined compressive strength according to the increment of cement content was markedly low compared with the weathered granite soil, so the effect of stabilization was low. 2.The moisture content of the sample of Song-I indicates the maximum unconfined compressive strength showed at the 5% or so of dry side than the optimum moisture content and the change of the unconfined compressive strength according to the change of moisture content was not sensitive compared with the weathered granite soil. 3.Generally the primary strength of curing age within 7 days of the sulfate resisting cement was low compared with the normal portland cement and the strength of 28 curing days showed a similar tendency, especially in case of Song-I, and it seemed that the sulfate resisting cement was a little more effective than the normal portland cement. 4.As the unconfined compressive strength of grain size controlled Song-I was low compared with the weathered granite soil, so the rate of weight loss by the durability test was great, therefore it was thought that the durability was weak.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.171-184
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• 2007

Chemical admixture stabilization has been extensively used in both shallow and deep stabilization in order to improve inherent properties of the soil such as strength and deformation behavior. An increment in strength, a reduction in compressibility, an improvement of the swelling or squeezing characteristics and increasing the durability of soil are the main aims of the admixtures for soil stabilization. Recently, the various advanced cement stabilizer mixing technique was developed. Advanced cement stabilizer mixing technique is environmentally-friendly and has an excellent mixing property and outstanding mixing speed. In this study, to develop the rural road pavement technology using cement stabilizer, compaction and unconfined compression test were performed with various mixing ratio and two types of soil(clay and silty soil). And the freezing/thaw test and bending strength test performed to develop suitable cement stabilizer material for stabilization of rural road. Based on the test results, the liquid types of cement stabilizer material and silty soil mixture are most suitable for rural road construction and although the mixing ratio is low, cement stabilizer mixture is effective for durability of rural road surface layer.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2015

An experimental program was performed to study the effects of cement stabilization on the geotechnical characteristics of sandy soils. Stabilizing agent included lime Portland cement, and was added in percentages of 2.5, 5 and 7.5% by dry weight of the soils. An analysis of the mechanical behavior of the soil is performed from the interpretation of results from unconfined compression tests and direct shear tests. Cylindrical and cube samples were prepared at optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight for unconfined compression and direct shear tests, respectively. Samples were cured for 7, 14 and 28 days after which they were tested. Based on the experimental investigations, the utilization of cemented specimens increased strength parameters, reduced displacement at failure, and changed soil behavior to a noticeable brittle behavior.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2022

Ladle furnace (LF) slag, waste from the steel-making process, was incorporated to improve the compressive strength of soil cement. LF slag was mixed to replace the cement in the soil-cement samples with wt% ratio 20:0, 15:5, and 10:10 of cement and slag, respectively. LF slag in the range of 5, 10, and 20 wt% was also separately added to the 20-wt% cement-treated soil samples. The soil-cement mixed LF slag samples were incubated in a plastic wrapping for 7, 14, and 28 days. The strength of soil cement was highly developed to be higher than the standard acceptable value (0.6 MPa) after incorporating slag into soil cement. The mixing of LF slag resulted in more hydration products for bonding soil particles, and hence improved the strength of soil cement. With the LF slag mixing either a replacement or additive materials in soil cement, the LF slag to cement ratio is considered to be less than 1, while the cement content should be more than 10 wt%. This is to promote a predominant effect of cement hydration by preventing the partially absorbed water on slag particles and keeping sufficient water content for the cement hydration in soil cement.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2018

The traditional gold mining in Kulon Progo district, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province produced tailings containing mercury (Hg) from the gold amalgamation process. Mercury accumulated in tailings has 164.19 mg/kg - 383.21 mg/kg in total concentration. Stabilization/solidification (S/S) is one of the remediation technologies to reduce waste pollution. Portland cement is one of the additive materials in S/S that effective encapsulates heavy metal waste. The aim of this research is to know the optimum composition of tailings mixture with Portland cement in S/S process. This research used variation of tailings composition. Variation of Portland cement composition with tailing are 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80 and 10:90. The result of this study found that the optimum composition of Portland cement: tailings was 10:90, with compression test of $257ton/m^2$ and TCLP test was 0.0069 mg/L. The compression test results were in accordance to US EPA Standard quality of $35ton/m^2$. TCLP test results meet the standard of Indonesian Government Regulation No. 101 Year 2014 of 0.05 mg/L.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stabilization disposal and recycling on incinerated paper mill sludge ash as cement additives. It was investigated chemical(pH, ICP, TGA XRD) and physical(PDA, SEM) characteristics of the incineration ash. And the pozzolanic characteristics of incineration ash was applied to cement as additive to increase the compressive strength. The results were that the pH characteristic of incineration ash was strong alkalinity, the content of silica and alumina as a pozzolanic material was 50.97%, and the average particle size was $5.03{\mu}m$ respectively. When the ash contents as cement additive were varied in 0~15%(wt) of cement weight to explore the effect of the compressive strength on the solidified cement mortar, the proper amount of the incineration ash substituted was about 5~l0%(wt). Therefore we found that using the incineration ash as cement additive obtains the recycling of waste material, the stabilization disposal, the reduction of waste disposal expense, and the protection of environmental problem, too.