• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.341-346
• /
• 2008

Cellulose nanofibers from microfibril cellulose (MFC) was prepared by hydrobromic acid (HBr) treatment at different concentrations. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films at various loading level of nanofibers were manufactured by a film casting method. The analysis of degree of polymerization (DP), crystallinity ($X_c$) and molecular weight ($M_w$) of cellulose after acid treatment was conducted. The mechanical and thermal properties of the cellulose nanofibers reinforced PVA films were characterized using tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The DP and $M_w$ of MFC by HBr hydrolysis considerably decreased, but $X_c$ showed no significant change. After acid hydrolysis, the diameter of cellulose nanofibers was in the range of 100 to 200 nm. The thermal stability of the films was steadily improved with the increase of nanofiber loading. There was a significant increase in the tensile strength of PVA composite films with the increase in MFC loading. Finally, 5 wt.% nanofiber loading exhibited the highest tensile strength and thermal stability of PVA composite films.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 1995

Various grades of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC, MS 0.65-3.20) were prepared throngh reaction of the knit-cotton-waste with ethylene oxide(EO). The knit-cotton-waste was composed of 98% of $\alpha$-cellulose and 2% of other components, and the cellulose was highly pure. The molar ratio of EO to knit-cotton-waste and that of NaOH to knit-cotton-waste, and the agitation speed were the important factors determining the molar substitution(MS) during the preparation of HEC. The MS of HEC was remarkably increased with increasing molar ratio of EO' to knit-cotton-waste. When the molar ratio of EO to knit-cotton-waste was 3.5, that of NaOH to knit-cotton-waste was 1.25, and agitation speed was 450rpm, it was possible to prepare HEC of MS 2.5. The structure and crystallinity of HECs prepared were determined by FT-IR and X-ray diffraction.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 1993

Crystal structure of tension, opposite and lateral wood of Platanus orientalis L. were analysed in some aspects of crystallinity index, crystallite size, d-spacing of (200) and (004), and integrated intensity ratios with X-ray diffraction method. Crystallinity index and crystallite width in tension wood appeared somewhat larger than opposite or lateral wood. However, d-spacing and integrated intensity ratios were nearly identical irrespective of tension, opposite, and lateral wood.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.83-95
• /
• 1997

The degradation mode of lignocellulose by anaerobic ruminal cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus albus F-40 was investigated. Birchwood holocellulose and filter paper were incubated as the sole carbohydrate sources with using the Hungate techniques. After 2 or 4 days of incubation, samples were employed for chemical and electron microscopic evaluations. The degradation rate of cellulosic substrates and the adhesion rate of bacteria to the substrates increased proportionally with the decrease of relative crystallinity of cellulose, indicating the preferential breakdown of amorphous cellulose, by this bacterium. X-ray diffraction analyses and polarized light microscopy showed, however, that crystalline cellulose was also degraded by R. albus. FT-IR spectra indicated that not only cellulose but hemicellulose was also degraded by this bacterium. Electron microscopic investigations showed the protuberant structures on the surface of R. albus. These structures were much more significant when bacterial cells were grown in the media containing insoluble substrates, such as cellulose, indicating clearly that bacterial protuberant structures were induced by the substrates. Protuberant structures extended from the bacterial cells adhered tightly to the substrates and numerous vesicles covered the surface of cellulosic substrates affected. Cellulosome-like structures were distributed on the cellulose matrix. Electron microscopic works showed that diverse surface organells of R. albus were involved in the degradation of cellulosic materials. SEM examinations showed the breakdown of cellulose by R. albus was proceeded by severeal routes : short fiber formation, defibrillation and destrafication of cellulose microfibril.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2004

Alkaline cellulolytic enzymes from cultured medium of Coprinus cinereus 2249 were purified with gel and ion-exchange chromatography and characteristics of those enzyme proteins were investigated. A fiber length distribution and a crystallinity of cellulose and sugar composition of enzyme treated Mixed Office Wastepaper(MOW) and Unbleached Kraft Pulp(UKP) were analysed. The conclusion could summarized as follows; \circled1 Alkaline and acidic, endo- and exo-glucanases were purified from cultured medium of Coprinus cinereus 2249. \circled2 The approximate molecular weight of alkaline endo-glucanase was 42 kDa, and also that of alkaline exo-glucanase was 50 kDa. A fiber length distribution and a crystallization of cellulose and sugar composition of enzyme treated MOW and UKP were not so much changed with original paper and pulp.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2001

소나무(Pinus densiflora)재의 1차조직과 2차조직의 조직구조, 미세구조 및 머서화(mercerization)에 의한 셀룰로오스의 결정구조 변화를 검토하였다. 그 결과, 1차조직의 세포는 원형에 가깝고 내강이 크며 배열이 무질서한 데 비하여, 2차조직의 세포는 장방형이고 비교적 규칙적인 배열을 갖고 있다. 섬유장은 1차조직 $200{\sim}250{\mu}m$, 2차조직 $1,500{\sim}1,600{\mu}m$였으며, 내강경은 1차조직 $40{\sim}50{\mu}m$, 2차조직 $10{\sim}20{\mu}m$였다. 그리고 1차조직과 1차방사조직은 2차조직의 세포에 비해 미목화된 세포가 많았다. 1차조직과 2차조직에서 셀룰로오스 결정의 면간격과 미결정 폭의 차이는 없었으나 상대결정화도는 각각 23%와 35%로 다소 차이가 있었다. 배향성에 있어서 1차조직의 미결정은 무배향을 나타냈으나 2차조직의 미결정은 섬유축에 $20{\sim}30^{\circ}$의 배향성을 나타냈다. 머서화 과정 동안에 1차조직 셀룰로오스 결정은 셀룰로오스 II로 변화되었지만 2차조직의 셀룰로오스 결정은 거의 변화되지 않았다. 따라서 양 조직간의 결정변태의 차이는 목화 정도의 차이에 의한 리그닌의 영향으로 생각되었다.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2016

Abiotic-stressed tobacco stems as a non-wooden biomass were analyzed for their chemical characteristics. Light-stressed tobacco stems (LST) have a relatively high nitrogen concentration, much more extractive content, and a similar amount of lignin and higher contents of acid sugars than those of Non stressed tobacco (NST). It also has low cellulose crystallinity and a high degree of condensation. Guaiacyl units having a lower molecular weight distribution consist of rich lignin. Tension stressed tobacco (TST) growth differentiation under tensile stress was significantly different between normal tissue and cell walls, with the exception of the slightly higher cellulose crystallinity observed for.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2015

In this study, chemical and physical changes of dissolving pulps which have similar viscosity by dry milling and fractionation were investigated. We used two types of dissolving pulp made from wood and cotton linter fiber, respectively. Dry milling was executed by knife cutter and pulp powders were fractionated by sieve shaker into 4 grades. We analyzed fiber properties, crystallinity index, viscosity, molecular weight of pulp sheet and powders. It was found that poly-dispersity index of cotton linter pulp was smaller than that of wood pulp, meaning that cotton pulp has more narrow molecular weight distribution. It was assumed that these were related to exposure times to chemical treatment which cut cellulose chains not evenly. At least 4 times of chemical treatments for wood pulp were executed and only two times of chemical treatments for cotton linter pulp were done. After dry milling average molecular weight and crystallinity index of cotton linter pulp powders were reduced and these were related to fines content and shape of pulp powders.

• 한국포장학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2023

이 연구에서는 고압 균질기를 통해 제작된 CNF 수 분산액을 PLA에 적용시키는데 있어 비용과 생산 효율성을 고려하여 동결 건조 방식이 아닌 오븐 건조를 통해 수분을 제거한 ODCNF를 제조하였다. 건조 후 고형화된 CNF 분말을 생분해성 고분자인 PLA에 접목시켜 압출, 사출 공정에서 발생하는 전단응력으로 재분산을 유도하였고, 성공적으로 시편이 만들어졌다. 제작된 시편에 대하여 진행된 전계방사 전자현미경 측정을 통해 셀룰로오스 입자가 PLA 매트릭스 내에 함침되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 시차주사열량계 측정에서 ODCNF가 PLA에 적용되었을 때 결정화도 상승과 냉 결정화 온도가 앞당겨지는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 냉각 과정에서 결정이 생성되는 것을 통해 실제 생산 공정에 적용할 경우, 친환경 핵제로써 역할을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다. 추가적으로 유변물성 측정기를 통해 첨가된 ODCNF가 PLA의 점도를 과도하게 증가시키지 않아 기존 공정 조건에 그대로 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 이는 제작된 시편을 통해서도 알 수 있었다. 동적 점탄성 특성에서는 첨가된 ODCNF 입자의 필러 효과와 향상된 결정화도로 인해 유리상과 고무상에서 모두 저장 탄성율의 비율이 PLA에 비해 높게 유지되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 대량 생산이 가능하고, 생산단가를 낮춘 ODCNF를 이용하여 CNF/PLA 기반의 100% 생분해성 복합재 개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.299-310
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 목분입자 크기 및 열처리가 목재 셀룰로오스의 결정 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 형태학적 특성, 셀룰로오스 결정특성, 화학성분분석을 실시하였다. 목분의 색은 열처리 온도가 $100^{\circ}C$에서 $200^{\circ}C$로 높아짐에 따라, 진한 황색에서 진한 갈색을 보였다. 열처리 목재셀룰로오스의 상대결정화도는 목재?에서 200 mesh로 목재의 입자 크기가 작아질수록 낮은 값을 보였으며, 결정폭의 변화는 거의 없었다. 온도가 $100^{\circ}C$에서 $200^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 목재의 상대결정화도가 증가하였고, 결정 폭의 변화는 뚜렷하지 않았다. FT-IR분석 결과, 열처리 온도가 높아짐에 따라 -OH 신축에서 피크가 점차 감소한 것을 확인하였다. $1425cm^{-1}$의 리그닌 C-H 굽힘과, $1370cm^{-1}$의 헤미셀룰로오스 C-H 굽힘은 열처리 온도의 증가에 따른 차이를 보기 어려웠다. $1235cm^{-1}$의 OH-phenolic 신축의 특성 피크와 $1031cm^{-1}$ 부근의 탄수화물의 C-C 신축이 열처리 온도가 높아질수록 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 목재의 입자크기 및 열처리는 목재 셀룰로오스의 결정특성 변화에 영향을 주는 것이 확인되었다.