• Title/Summary/Keyword: cellulose biosynthesis

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Characterization and Isolation of Bacteria Producing Cellulose (Cellulose 생합성 세균의 분리 및 특성)

  • Lee, Seung-Jin;Yoo, Ju-Soon;Chung, Soo-Yeol;Choi, Yong-Lark
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 1997
  • A screening was performed to isolate the cellulose-producing microorganisms from vinegar in Korea. The isolated strain was identified as Acetobacter sp. with respect to physiological and biochemical characteristics and designated as Acetobacter CBI-2. Cellulose production of Acetobacter CBI-2 was equal with the well known cellulose-producing bacteria, A. xylinum. The result of separation on thin layer chromatography(TLC) was consistent with the degradation product of native cellulose. The presence of genes required for the cellulose biosynthesis in Acetobacter CBI-2 was confirmed by Southern hybridization.

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Tension Wood as a Model System to Explore the Carbon Partitioning between Lignin and Cellulose Biosynthesis in Woody Plants

  • Kwon, Mi
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.83-87
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    • 2008
  • Tension wood, a specialized tissue developed in the upper side of the leaning stem and drooping branches of angiosperm, is an attractive experimental system attractive for exploring the development and the biochemical pathways of the secondary cell wall formation, as well as the control mechanism of the carbon flux into lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. However, the mechanism underlying the induction and the development of the tension wood is largely unknown. Recently, several researchers suggested the possible roles of the plant growth hormones including auxin, gibberellin, and ethylene mainly based on the expression pattern of the genes in this specialized tissue. In addition, expressed sequence tag of Poplar and Eucalyptus provide global view of the genetic control underlying the tension wood formation. However, the roles of the majority of the identified genes have not yet been clearly elucidated. The present review summarized current knowledge on the biosynthesis of tension wood to provide a brief synopsis of the molecular mechanism underlying the development of the tension wood.

Biosynthesis of cellulose

  • Brown, R.Malcolm
    • Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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    • 1994.10a
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    • pp.63-63
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    • 1994
  • No Abstract, See Full Text

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Mechanism of Glycogen Biosynthesis by Glycogen Synthetase from Escherichia coil B (Escherichia coil B의 Glycogen Synthetase반응에 의한 글리코겐 생합성기작)

  • 양지영
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.1173-1176
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    • 1998
  • Glycogen synthetase[EC 2.4.1.21] in E. coli B was isolated and purified by sonication, ultracentri fugation, DEAE cellulose chromatography and gel chromatography. In the case of using glycogen or maltotriose as a primer in the enzyme reaction, 64% and 23.7% of labelled ADP glucose were incorporated into primer, respectively. 8.1% of labelled ADP glucose was polymerized into glycogen in enzymatic reaction without a primer.

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Overproduction of Cellulose in Acetobacter xylinum KCCM 10100 Defective in GDP-Mannosyltransferase

  • Park Sang-Tae;Kim Eung-Bin;Kim Young-Min
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.961-964
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    • 2006
  • GDP-mannosyltransferase (GMT) is an enzyme responsible for the addition of a mannose to glucose ($\alpha$[1$\rightarrow$3]) during biosynthesis of the water-soluble branched polysaccharide acetan in Acefobacter species. In an effort to obtain a cellulose-overproducing bacterium, a mutant defective in GMT of Acetobacter xylinum KCCM 10100 was constructed by single crossover homologous recombination using part of the aceA gene encoding GMT amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The GMT-disrupted mutant produced 23% more cellulose, but 16% less water-soluble polysaccharide than those of the wild-type strain. Analysis of the sugar composition by gel permeation chromatography revealed that water-soluble polysaccharides produced by the GMT-defective mutant contained no mannose molecule.

From the Photosynthesis to Hormone Biosynthesis in Plants

  • Hyong Woo Choi
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2024
  • Land plants produce glucose (C6H12O2) through photosynthesis by utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and light energy. Glucose can be stored in various polysaccharide forms for later use (e.g., sucrose in fruit, amylose in plastids), used to create cellulose, the primary structural component of cell walls, and immediately metabolized to generate cellular energy, adenosine triphosphate, through a series of respiratory pathways including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, plants must metabolize glucose into amino acids, nucleotides, and various plant hormones, which are crucial for regulating many aspects of plant physiology. This review will summarize the biosynthesis of different plant hormones, such as auxin, salicylic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, in relation to glucose metabolism.

Synergistic Effect of Substrates on the Biosynthesis of Cellulase and Xylanase Complexes from Aspergillus nidulans (Aspergillus nidulans 의 섬유질 분해효소계 생합성에 미치는 기질의 공조효과)

  • Lee, Jeong-Ae;Maeng, Jin-Soo;Maeng, Pil-Jae;Rhee, Young-Ha
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 1989
  • The effect of various cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates on the induction of cellulase and xylanase complexes in Aapergillus nidulans was investigated. The most efficient substrates for the induction of cellulase and xylanase complexes were carboxymethylcellulose for endoglucanase, cellobiose for ${\beta}-glucosidase$, and xylan for endoxylanase and ${\beta}-xylosidase$, respectively. However, the mixtures of these substrates, especially CMC-xylan and CMC-xylan-laminarin mixture, were much more effective not only for the enhancement of the biosynthesis of all the cellulase and xylanase complexes but also for the balanced production of these enzyme components than individual substrate. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by activity staining showed the variation in the patterns and relative intensity of ${\beta}-glucosidase$, endoglucanase and endoxylanase components in individual enzyme preparations from A. nidulans cultures grown on different substrates. These results suggest that the biosynthesis is of cellulase and xylanase systems in A. nidulans is regulated in coordination at the level of induction.

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Enhanced Production of Bacterial Cellulose in Komagataeibacter xylinus Via Tuning of Biosynthesis Genes with Synthetic RBS

  • Hur, Dong Hoon;Choi, Woo Sung;Kim, Tae Yong;Lee, Sang Yup;Park, Jin Hwan;Jeong, Ki Jun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.30 no.9
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    • pp.1430-1435
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    • 2020
  • Bacterial cellulose (BC) has outstanding physical and chemical properties, including high crystallinity, moisture retention, and tensile strength. Currently, the major producer of BC is Komagataeibacter xylinus. However, due to limited tools of expression, this host is difficult to engineer metabolically to improve BC productivity. In this study, a regulated expression system for K. xylinus with synthetic ribosome binding site (RBS) was developed and used to engineer a BC biosynthesis pathway. A synthetic RBS library was constructed using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter, and three synthetic RBSs (R4, R15, and R6) with different strengths were successfully isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Using synthetic RBS, we optimized the expression of three homologous genes responsible for BC production, pgm, galU, and ndp, and thereby greatly increased it under both static and shaking culture conditions. The final titer of BC under static and shaking conditions was 5.28 and 3.67 g/l, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that reinforced metabolic flux towards BC through quantitative gene expression represents a practical strategy for the improvement of BC productivity.