• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1991

Lignocellulose and lignolic compounds were absolutely given much weight In the biosphere, and their degradation was essential for continuous biological carbon circulation. Whereas aerobic cellulolytic microorganism dissolved the cellulose into their elements in the first stage, strict anaerobic cellulolytic microorganism's role was taken I increasing interest through the recent research. It was reviewed that anaerobic microbial degradation process of lignocellulose and its derivatives (cellulose, lignin, oligolignol and monoaromatic compound), and function of anaerobic microorganism on the. environmental ecology.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.449-452
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• 2002

Trichoderma sp. FJ1의 cellulase 생산을 위한 배지조성의 검토에서, 질소원으로서 0.1% bacto peptone을 사용하였을 때 생산성이 향상되었으며, 순수 상업용기질인 avicel과 섬유소 폐기물인 볏짚의 혼합배양에서 높은 효소생산성이 얻어졌다. 경제적인 효소생산성을 위한 기질로 섬유소 폐기물의 농도와 혼합비를 검토한 결과, 1%농도에서 볏짚과 펄프를 50:50으로 사용했을시 CMCase, xylanase, ${\beta}-glucosidase$, avicelase는 24.3, 38.7, 1.5, 0.6 U/ml가 얻어졌다. 이러한 효소생산성은 타 보고서의 결과보다 동등이상의 우위를 보여주고 있으며 섬유소 폐기물의 생물학적 당화기술에 크게 기여하리라 사료된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.327-343
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• 2012

In order to develop a high cellulolytic direct-fed microorganism (DFM) for ruminant productivity improvement, this study isolated cellulolytic bacteria from the rumen of Holstein dairy cows, and compared their cellulolytic abilities via DM degradability, gas production and cellulolytic enzyme activities. Twenty six bacteria were isolated from colonies grown in Dehority's artificial (DA) medium with 2% agar and cultured in DA medium containing filter paper at $39^{\circ}C$ for 24h. 16s rDNA gene sequencing of four strains from isolated bacteria showed that H8, H20 and H25 strains identified as Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and H23 strain identified as Fibrobacter succinogenes. H20 strain had higher degradability of filter paper compared with others during the incubation. H8 (R. flavefaciens), H20 (R. flavefaciens), H23 (F. succinogenes), H25 (R. flavefaciens) and RF (R. flavefaciens sijpesteijn, ATCC 19208) were cultured in DA medium with filter paper as a single carbon source for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 days without shaking at $39^{\circ}C$, respectively. Dry matter degradability rates of H20, H23 and H25 were relatively higher than those of H8 and RF since 2 d incubation. The cumulative gas production of isolated cellulolytic bacteria increased with incubation time. At every incubation time, the gas production was highest in H20 strain. The activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and Avicelase in the culture supernatant were significantly higher in H20 strain compared with others at every incubation time (p<0.05). Therefore, although further researches are required, the present results suggest that H20 strain could be a candidate of DFM in animal feed due to high cellulolytic ability.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2002

섬유소 폐기물의 생물학적 당화를 위해 분리한 사상균 FJ1은 섬유소 분해효소의 생산성이 뛰어난 신규의 유망한 셀룰라아제 생산균주로 잠정적으로 평가되었다. 사상균 FJ1의 셀룰라아제 생산을 위한 배지조성은, 질소원으로서 0.1% peptone을 사용하였을 경우와, avicel 및 섬유소 폐기물인 볏짚을 혼합하여 사용한 경우 높은 효소생산성을 나타냈다. 경제적인 효소생산을 위한 기질로 섬유소 폐기물의 농도와 혼합비는 1%(w/v)농도에서 볏짚과 펄프를 각각 0.5%(w/v)와 0.5%(w/v)으로 사용하였을 경우 CMCase, xylanase, $\beta$-glucosidase, avicelase의 효소 활성은 각각 24.3, 38.7, 1.5, 0.6 unit/ml 이었다. 이러한 효소생산성은 섬유소 폐기물의 생물학적 당화기술에 크게 기여할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.322-325
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• 2005

Pseudomonas sp. JH1014는 세제 첨가용으로 사용 가능한 알칼리성 단백질 분해효소를 생산하는 균주로 하천수에서 분리되었다. 이 균주는 LB 배지에서는 CMCase를 생산하지 않았으나, 배지에 기질인 carboxymethyl cellulose를 첨가하면 분해효소인 CMCase의 생산이 유도되었으며, CMC 첨가에 따른 증식 양상의 변화는 없었다. CMC를 첨가한 배지로 $37^{\circ}C$에서 진탕배양 하였을 때 균의 증식은 $9{\sim}12$시간 후에 최대에 도달하였으며, 생산된 효소의 활성은 21시간 후에 최대에 도달하였다. 조효소액의 CMCase 활성 최적 pH는 6.0, 최적 온도는 $55^{\circ}C$였으며, $70^{\circ}C$에서 10분 동안 열처리한 후의 잔존활성은 70%였다. 부분 정제된 효소를 SDS-PAGE 후 활성염색한 결과 분자량이 54와 30 kDa인 두 개의 활성띠가 관찰되어, Pseudomonas sp. JH1014는 적어도 두 종류의 CMCase를 생산하는 것으로 보인다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1976

Since cellulose is the only organic material that is annually replenishable in very large quantities, we must explore ways to utilize it as a source of energy, food and chemicals. For the utilization of this resource, it is first enzymatic hydrolyzed to glucose, then the glucose can be used as a food, converted single cell protein by microorganism, fermented to clean burning fuel and other chemicals. Cellulolytic enzyme, cellulase, consists of two or three major components, $C_1-cellulase$, $C_x-cellulase$ and ${\beta}-glucosidase$. $C_x-cellulase$ are fairly common but $C_1-cellulase$ are quite rare. Trichoderma viride is the best source of active cellulose, especially $C_1-enzyme$. Saccharification rate of cellulose in greatly influenced by the degree of crystallinity and extent of lignification. But by the pretreatment the substrate with cellulose swelling agent, delignifying reagent and physical treatment, the degree of saccharification is enhanced. Thus, glucose syrups of 2 to 10% concentration are realized from milled newspaper. The enzymatic hydrolysis of such energy rich material, such as cellulose, to glucose is technically feasible and practically achievable on a very large scale.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1427-1437
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• 2014

Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is a key step in the conversion of agricultural by-products to biofuels and value-added chemicals. Utilization of a robust microorganism for on-site production of biomass-degrading enzymes has gained increasing interest as an economical approach for supplying enzymes to biorefinery processes. In this study, production of multi-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus aculeatus BCC199 by solid-state fermentation was improved through the statistical design approach. Among the operational parameters, yeast extract and soybean meal as well as the nonionic surfactant Tween 20 and initial pH were found as key parameters for maximizing production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Under the optimized condition, the production of FPase, endoglucanase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, xylanase, and ${\beta}$-xylosidase was achieved at 23, 663, 88, 1,633, and 90 units/g of dry substrate, respectively. The multi-enzyme extract was highly efficient in the saccharification of alkaline-pretreated rice straw, corn cob, and corn stover. In comparison with commercial cellulase preparations, the BCC199 enzyme mixture was able to produce remarkable yields of glucose and xylose, as it contained higher relative activities of ${\beta}$-glucosidase and core hemicellulases (xylanase and ${\beta}$-xylosidase). These results suggested that the crude enzyme extract from A. aculeatus BCC199 possesses balanced cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities required for the efficient saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, and supplementation of external ${\beta}$-glucosidase or xylanase was dispensable. The work thus demonstrates the high potential of A. aculeatus BCC199 as a promising producer of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes for the biomass conversion industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.104-115
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• 2003

A series of experiments was carried out to determine the possibility for the non-ionic surfactant (NIS) as a feed additive for ruminant animals. The effect of the NIS on (1) the enzyme distribution in the rumen fluids of Hereford bulls, (2) the growth of pure culture of rumen bacteria and (3) rumen anaerobic fungi, (4) the ruminal fermentation characteristics of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), and (5) the performances of Holstein dairy cows were investigated. When NIS was added to rumen fluid at the level of 0.05 and 0.1% (v/v), the total and specific activities of cell-free enzymes were significantly (p<0.01) increased, but those of cell-bound enzymes were slightly decreased, but not statistically significant. The growth rates of ruminal noncellulolytic species (Ruminobacter amylophilus, Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella ruminicola and Selenomonas ruminantium) were significantly (p<0.01) increased by the addition of NIS at both concentrations tested. However, the growth rate of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) were slightly increased or not affected by the NIS. In general, NIS appears to effect Gram-negative bacteria more than Gram-positive bacteria; and non-cellulolytic bacteria more than cellulolytic bacteria. The growth rates of ruminal monocentric fungi (Neocallimastix patriciarum and Piromyces communis) and polycentric fungi (Orpinomyces joyonii and Anaeromyces mucronatus) were also significantly (p<0.01) increased by the addition of NIS at all concentrations tested. When NIS was administrated to the rumen of Hanwoo, Total VFA and ammonia-N concentrations, the microbial cell growth rate, CMCase and xylanase activities in the rumen increased with statistical difference (p<0.01), but NIS administration did not affect at the time of 0 and 9 h post-feeding. Addition of NIS to TMR resulted in increased TMR intake and increased milk production by Holstein cows and decreased body condition scores. The NEFA and corticoid concentrations in the blood were lowered by the addition of NIS. These results indicated that the addition of NIS may greatly stimulate the release of some kinds of enzymes from microbial cells, and stimulate the growth rates of a range of anaerobic ruminal microorganisms, and also stimulate the rumen fermentation characteristics and animal performances. Our data indicates potential uses of the NIS as a feed additive for ruminant animals.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 J 하수 처리장의 최종 방류수를 대상으로 종속영양세균의 증식과 수중 물리, 화학적 영향인자와의 관계를 고찰하였다. 하수 중의 용존 유기물질 농도는 종속영양세균의 성장과 가장 밀접한 관계를 보였다. 미생물의 영양원인 단백질, 지방, 전분, 섬유소, 팩틴의 분해 세균 분포를 파악한 결과 하수 중 단백질 및 지방세균의 비율은 전체의 81%로 가장 높았다. 종속영양세균은 연중 8월에 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 하수 방류수에 대해 10 mg/L의 유리염소를 주입하여 15 min간 접촉시 THMs의 농도는 $71{\mu}/L$ (< $100{\mu}/L$- 먹는 물 수질기준)의 값을 나타내어 높지 않았다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.539-546
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• 2020

A cellulolytic bacterial strain, S2-3, was isolated from sea water collected in Jeju island, Republic of Korea. The strain was aerobic and gram negative, and formed yellow colored colonies on marine agar medium. S2-3 cells were long rod-shaped, 0.5 × 0.25 ㎛ (width x length) in size, and did not have flagella. The optimal growth conditions for S2-3 were 30-35℃ and pH 6.5-7.0. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of S2-3 revealed that it had the highest identity with those of Seonamhaeicola algicola Gy8 (97.08%), Hyunsoonleella udonensis JG48 (95.01%), and Aestuariibaculum scopimerae I-15 (94.86%). In phylogenetic analysis, S2-3 formed the same clade as S. algicola Gy8, implying that S2-3 belongs to the genus Seonamhaeicola. The major fatty acids (>10%) comprised C15:1 iso G (22.29%), C15:0 iso (17.71%), C17:0 iso 3OH (16.06%), and C15:0 iso 3OH (10.7%), resulting in quite different ratio of the component from those of S. algicola Gy8. Moreover, its biochemical characteristics, including acid production and enzyme activities, were different from those of S. algicola Gy8. Therefore, putting all these results together, we concluded S2-3 is distinct species from S. algicola Gy8, and thus named it Seonamhaeicola sp. S2-3. In liquid culture, S2-3 produced extracellular cellulases that can hydrolyze cellulose or cellooligosaccharides into cellobiose, which is a good enzyme resource that deserves further research.