• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1371-1378
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activities of chopi (Zanthoxylum piperitum A.P. DC.) essential oil. Essential oil (EO) of chopi was extracted by steam distillation method, and its major constituents were limonene and geranyl acetate. Chopi-EO decreased approximately 38% of nitrite production, as compared to the lipopolysaccharde (LPS)-induced nitrite production. However, chopi-EO and its components did not quench nitric oxide (NO) chemically in cellfree system, and markedly inhibited approximately 40.4% of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA transcription. In addition, the inhibition of E-selectin gene transcription by chopi-EO caused the suppression of cellular adhesion. These results suggest that chopi-EO may exert potential anti-immunological inflammatory activity.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2008

A variety of titanium (Ti) and its alloys are used in the clinical procedures of bone regeneration for periodontal and dental implant therapies. This study was performed to determine the effect of different surface dental implant materials on biologic responses of a MG-63 human osteoblast-like cell line. MG-63 cells were cultured on Ti coated with hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium metaphosphate (CMP), anodized (A), which compared with non-coated Ti (control). The appearances of surface of dental implant materials and the morphology of these cells were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The gene expression profiles of MG-63 cells cultured on Ti were examined by human cDNA microarray (1,152 elements). The expression of several genes was up- and down-regulated by different surfaces of dental implant materials. Interesting, the genes correlated with cellular adhesion and extra cellular matrix (ECM) formation were enhanced, in accordance surface morphology of the dental implant materials used.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2018

Calcium ions are involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes. Fourteen genes encoding calcium binding proteins have been identified in Dictyostelium. CBP7, one of the 14 CBPs, is composed of 169 amino acids and contains four EF-hand motifs. Here, we investigated the roles of CBP7 in the development and cell migration of Dictyostelium cells and found that high levels of CBP7 exerted a negative effect on cells aggregation during development, possibly by inhibiting chemoattractant-directed cell migration. While cells lacking CBP7 exhibited normal development and chemotaxis similar that of wild-type cells, CBP7 overexpressing cells completely lost their chemotactic abilities to move toward increasing cAMP concentrations. This resulted in inhibition of cellular aggregation, a process required for forming multicellular organisms during development. Low levels of cytosolic free calcium were observed in CBP7 overexpressing cells, which was likely the underlying cause of their lack of chemotaxis. Our results demonstrate that CBP7 plays an important role in cell spreading and cell-substrate adhesion. cbp7 null cells showed decreased cell size and cell-substrate adhesion. The present study contributes to further understanding the role of calcium signaling in regulation of cell migration and development.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2009

Interaction between human osteoblast (hFOB 1.19) and CrN films was conducted in vitro. CrN films were produced by cathodic arc plasma deposition. The surface was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). CrN films, glass substrates and TiN films were cultured with human osteoblasts for 48 and 72 hours. Actin stress fiber patterns and cell adhesion of osteoblasts were found less organized and weak on CrN films compared to those on the glass substrates and the TiN films. Human osteoblasts also showed less proliferation and less distributed microtubule on CrN films compared to those on glass substrates and TiN films. Focal contact adhesion was not observed in the cells cultured on CrN films, whereas focal contact adhesion was observed well in the cells cultured on glass substrates and TiN films. As a result, the CrN film is a potential candidate as a surface coating to be used for implantable devices which requires minimal cellular adhesion.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2010

Multilayer Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)/ Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) bone plates were fabricated using electrospinning and in vitro investigations were carried out for pre-clinical biocompatibility studies. The initial cellular cytotoxicity of the methacrylate (PMMA)/ Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) bone plates was measured by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay using fibroblast-like L-929 cells. Cellular adhesion and differentiation studies were carried out using osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. As simulated body fluid (SBF) contains the same ionic concentration of body fluid and any bioactive material tends to deposit bone-like apatite on the samples surfaces into the SBF, in vitro bioactivity of the multilayer bone plates were investigated using SBF. We also studied the internal organization and tensile strength of the multilayer PMMA/PVA bone plates using micro-computed topography (${\mu}$-CT) and universal testing instrument (UTI, Korea) respectively. The cellular cytotoxicity study with MTT confirmed that the cellular viability was 78 to 90% which indicates good cyto-compatibility. Scanning electron microscopic findings revealed a good attachment and adhesion phenomenon of MG-63 cells onto the surfaces of the samples. Cellular differentiation studies also showed that osteogenic differentiation was switched on in a timely manner and affirmed along with that of the control group. Bone-like apatite formation on the surfaces was confirmed within 14 days of SBF incubation. Initial organizations of the multilayer PMMA/PVA bone plates were characterized as dense and uniform. The tensile strength of the post-pressing electronspun mat was higher than that of the pre-electronspun mat. These results suggest that a multilayer PMMA/PVA bone plate system is biocompatible, bioactive and a very good alternative bone plate system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2017

Background: Compound K (CK) is a bioactive derivative of ginsenoside Rb1 in Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng). Its biological and pharmacological activities have been studied in various disease conditions, although its immunomodulatory role in innate immunity mediated by monocytes/macrophages has been poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of CK on cellular events mediated by monocytes and macrophages in innate immune responses. Methods: The immunomodulatory role of CK was explored by various immunoassays including cell-cell adhesion, fibronectin adhesion, cell migration, phagocytic uptake, costimulatory molecules, reactive oxygen species production, luciferase activity, and by the measurement of mRNA levels of proinflammatory genes. Results: Compound K induced cell cluster formation through cell-cell adhesion, cell migration, and phagocytic activity, but it suppressed cell-tissue interactions in U937 and RAW264.7 cells. Compound K also upregulated the surface expression of the cell adhesion molecule cluster of differentiation (CD) 43 (CD43) and costimulatory molecules CD69, CD80, and CD86, but it downregulated the expression of monocyte differentiation marker CD82 in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, CK induced the release of reactive oxygen species and induced messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory genes, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by enhancing the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activities of nuclear factor kappa-B and activator protein-1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that CK has an immunomodulatory role in innate immune responses through regulating various cellular events mediated by monocytes and macrophages.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.159-173
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• 2009

Nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a master transcription regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective proteins that mediate cellular defense against oxidative and inflammatory stresses. Disruption of cellular stress response by Nrf2 deficiency causes enhanced susceptibility to infection and related inflammatory diseases as a consequence of exacerbated immune-mediated hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. The cellular defense capacity potentiated by Nrf2 activation appears to balance the population of $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ of lymph node cells for proper innate immune responses. Nrf2 can negatively regulate the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules such as p38 MAPK, NF-${\kappa}B$, and AP-1. Nrf2 subsequently functions to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, COX-2 and iNOS. Although not clearly elucidated, the antioxidative function of genes targeted by Nrf2 may cooperatively regulate the innate immune response and also repress the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2007

Cell behavior of the transformed cells is known to affect by interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and integrin. To investigate the alterations of both integrin expression and cell-matrix interaction during neoplastic conversion of human oral kerationcytes, we studied expression levels of integrin subunits by flow cytometry and cellular responses to the ECM proteins in normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs), HPV-immortalized HOK-16B line, and three oral cancer cell lines established from HOK-16B line, CTHOK-16B-BaP, CTHOK-16B-DMBA, and CTHOK-16B-Dexa lines. The expression levels of ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ integrin subunits were shown decreased tendency in human oral keratinocytes undergoing immortalization and tumorigenic transformation except CTHOK-16B-DMBA line tested. Although ${\alpha}v{\beta}6$ integrin is known to be highly expressed in squamous cell carcinomas, and the altered integrin expression is suspected to be associated with cellular carcinogenesis, ${\alpha}v$ integrin subunit and ${\alpha}v{\beta}6$ integrin did not express in oral cancer cell lines tested. Cell behavior to the ECM proteins in HOK-16B line was generally similar to that of exponentially proliferating NHOKs. The adhesion activity profiles of type I collagen were very similar to that of its laminin counterparts, but fibronectin showed minimal adhesion activity under our conditions compared to the BSA control. The ability of the CTHOK-16B-BaP line to spread upon type I collagen and laminin markedly decreased, but migration was notably increased on type I collagen. In contrast, CTHOK-16B-DMBA and CTHOK-16B-Dexa lines spread less but migrated more upon type I collagen than immortalized HOK-16B line. These data indicate that downregulation of integrin subunits causes the changes of cellular responses to the ECM proteins during neoplastic conversion of human oral keratinocytes, and that cellular responses to the ECM proteins in oral cancer cell lines established by exposing different carcinogens are variable according to chemical carcinogens treatment.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.821-828
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• 2015

Monocytes are the major inflammatory cells that infiltrate most solid tumors in humans. The interaction of tumor cells with infiltrating monocytes and their adhesion to these monocytes play a significant role in altering the tumor to become more aggressive. Recently, exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was suggested to promote cancer cell adhesion to monocytes; however, little is known about the details of the signaling mechanism involved in this process. In this study, we found that LPS up-regulates ICAM-1 expression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which facilitates their adhesion to THP-1 monocytes. In addition, we analyzed the signaling mechanism underlying the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and found that the siRNA-mediated depletion of BLT2 markedly suppressed the LPS-induced expression of ICAM-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells and the subsequent adhesion of these cells to THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, we demonstrated that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) lies downstream of LPS/TLR4 and upstream of BLT2 and that this 'MyD88-BLT2' cascade mediates ERK activation and subsequent ICAM-1 expression, which is critical for the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells to THP-1 monocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that LPS up-regulates ICAM-1 expression in breast cancer cells via a MyD88-BLT2-ERK-linked signaling cascade, leading to the increased adhesion of breast cancer cells to monocytes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.410-415
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• 2008

Previously, we identified albumin as an inhibitory factor in serum for cell adhesion of T cells such as human Jurkat T and primary cultured human T cells. In the present study, we found that other hematopoietic cell lines including U-937 human monocytes, THP-1 human monocytes, K-562 promyelocytic leukemia cells, and HL-60 human leukemia cells, also adhere to tissue culture flasks when serum is withdrawn, and albumin exerts an inhibitory effect on cell adhesion by those cells, implying that this inhibition is a common phenomenon in hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, we found that cell adhesion is inhibited by antioxidants such as (-)-epigallocatechin- 3-gallate (EGCG), morin, and a-tocopherol. Our results suggest that albumin may inhibit basal cell adhesion of hematopoietic cells and that the oxidative balance in the plasma may be important for cell adhesion of hematopoietic cells in vivo.