• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1074-1078
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• 2008

To investigate the antiviral activity of marine algae against fish pathogenic viruses, which are often the causes of viral disease in aquaculture, the 80% methanolic extracts of 21 species collected from the coast of Korea were screened for their in vitro antiviral activities on infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), using a flounder spleen (FSP) cell-line. Among them, Monostroma nitidum (10 ${\mu}g/mL$) exhibited the strongest inactivation on IHNV, showing a 2 log reduced virus titre as compared to the control in the determination of direct virucidal activity. In addition, Polysiphonia morrowii (100 ${\mu}g/mL$) remarkably reduced the virus titres of treated cells by 2-2.5 log, for both IHNV and IPNV, in the determination of cellular protective activity, implying the existence of substances that may modulate innate host defense mechanisms against viral infections. These results reveal that some marine algae could be promising candidates as sources of antiviral agents or as health-promoting feeds for aquaculture.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.227-231
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• 2006

Strain NK181 was isolated for probiotic use from jeotkal and based on results of API 50 CHL kit and 16S rDNA sequencing was tentatively named Lactobacillus plantarum NK181. L. plantarum NK181 was highly resistant to artificial gastric juice (pH 2.5) and bile acid and demonstrated strong adherence to Caco-2 cells. In test using API ZYM kit, eight enzymes were produced. Supernatant of L. plantarum NK181 exhibited about 30% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picyryl hedrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and reduced cholesterol by 70%. These results demonstrate potential use of L. plantarum NK181 as health-promoting probiotic.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2006

Pinus densiflora belongs to the Pinaceae family which has been widely used for health promoting purposes as folk medicine or as a food. Various curative effects of different parts of the pine have been reported including as a remedy for carcinoma. We examined the effects of pine needle water extracts (PNE) on macrophage function using peritoneal macrophage, pre-osteoclast bone macrophage (Raw 264.7 cell) and brain macrophage (C6 microglia). When peritoneal macrophages were treated with various concentrations of PNE ($1{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$) for 24 hours, phagocytic activity was significantly increased, whereas it had no effect on tumoricidal activity and NO production. However, the treatment of Raw 264.7 with PNE resulted in the enhancement of NO production at high concentration ($100{\mu}g/mL$). Furthermore, the treatment of C6 with PNE increased the production of NO in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas PNE suppressed NO production in $LPS/IFN-{\gamma}-stimulated$ microglia. These results suggest that PNE has differential immunomodulatory effects on macrophages.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.649-656
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• 2002

Fibrinolytic microorganisms were screened from 42 samples of Korean fermented food (7 kinds of Chungook-jang, 14 kinds of commercial Doen-Jang, 5 kinds of home-made Doen-jang, and 16 kinds of Jeot-gal), 15 samples of Japanese fermented food (5 kinds of home-made soybean paste, and 10 kinds of Natto), and 19 samples of Indonesian fermented food (Tempe) as well as starters of Meju (500 microflora from Korea, and 22 from China). Initially, 11 isolates with strong fibrinolytic activity were selected for further characterization. The fibrinolytic activity of the 11 isolates ranged from 89 to 199% of standard plasmin. Four strains, M5l from Korean fermented food (Meju), I 1-1, I 1-4, and I 5-1 from Indonesian fermented food (Tempe), were chosen based on the degree of activity and reproducibility, and identified as Staphylococcus sciuri, Citrobacter or Enterobacter, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The first two isolates are pathogenic stains while the latter two are considered as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe). Fibrinolytic activity of E. faecalis, characterized and designated as BRCA-5, reached a maximum, when the producer was cultivated in Ml7 broth supplemented with 1.0% glucose for 5 h at 37$^{\circ}C$ with shaking at 180 rpm. Compared to commercial fibrinolytic enzymes, the cell-free culture supernatant of 5. faecaiis BRCA-5 showed stronger activity than plasmin and streptokinase, but similar degree of specific activity as nattokinase and urokinase, aud it also demonstrated anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity ex vivo. These features of E. faecalis make it an attractive agent as a biomaterial for health-promoting foods.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.396-413
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• 1996

Current acceptable methods for promoting periodontal regeneration are based on removal of diseased soft tissue. root treatment, guided tissue regeneration, introduction of new graft materials and biological mediators. Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) and Platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB), the members of the polypeptuyde growth factor family have been reported as the biological mediators which regulate a variety cellular matrix biologic activities of wound healing process including the cell proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis.The purposes of this study is to evaluate the combination effects of IGF-I and PDGF-BB on the cellular activity of the periodontal ligament cells to act as a regeneration promoting agent of periodontal tissue. Human periodontal ligament cells were prepared from the first premolar tooth extracted for the orthodontic treatment and were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS at the $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2 incubator. Author measured the DNA synthetic activity, and total protein, collagen and noncollagenous protein synthetic activities according to the concentration of 10,100ng/ml IGF-I and1,10 ng/ml PDGF-BB in combination. The results were as follows: Significantly increased in the 1 ng/ml PDGF-BB alone compared to the 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB alone(P<0.01) and in the 1 ng/ml PDGF-BB and 10, 100ng/ml IGF-I in combination compared to the 1 ng/ml PDGF-BB alone(P<0.05, P<0.0l). The synthetic activity of the total protein and collagen is significantly increased like to the synthetic activity of the DNA(P<0.05). The synthetic activity of the noncollagenous protein is increased according to the concentration of IGF_I, but not statistically statistically significant(P>0.05). The percent of the collagen is significantly in the 1ng/ml PDGF-BB and 10ng/ml IGF-I in combination compared to the 1ng/ml PDGF-BB alone(P<0.05) and in the 10ng/ml IGF-I in combination compared to the 10ng/ml PDGF-BB alone(P<0.05). The synthetic activity of the DNA is In conclusions, the percent study shows that PDGF-BB and IGF-I in combination have a potentiality to enhance the DNA synthesis and the total protein and collagen synthesis of The periodontal ligament cells, especially it is more significant in the low concentration of PDGF-BB compared to the high one. Thus, the PDGF-BB and IGF-I in combination may have important roles in promotion of periodontal litgment healing, and consequently, may useful for clinical application in periodontal regenerative procedures.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2016

Purpose: The initiation of mandatory folic acid fortification using pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PteGlu) has reduced the rate of congenital malformations. However, it also appears to be responsible for several adverse effects, including increased cancer incidence. This may be related to physicho-chemical characteristics of PteGlu. This study examines the potential effect of high concentrations of PteGlu on a population subjected to mandatory folic acid fortification using an in vitro model. Methods: Caco-2 (colorectal cancer) and MCF7 (breast cancer) cell lines were cultured at 6 different PteGlu concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 50, 250, and $500{\mu}g/ml$) for 6 days. Cell growth was determined using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. The genotype of dihydrofolate reductase 19bp deletion/insertion (DHFR 19-del) was also scored in cell lines using a restriction fragment length polymorphism technique to examine whether genetic variations may factor in cell proliferation. Results: PteGlu exhibited differential growth promoting properties between cell lines. Caco-2 cells did not show a significant growth difference at low concentrations compared to control, however, at higher concentrations, the growth showed a contrasting trend in the early experimental period, while MCF7 showed enhanced cell growth at all concentrations. The DHFR 19-del genotype differed in the two cell lines. Conclusions: Altered response to PteGlu by Caco-2 and MCF7 may reflect a tissue specific disease aetiology or genotype specific differential enzyme activity, for example by DHFR, to critical levels of PteGlu. As folic acid fortification is a blanket intervention, and DHFR and other enzyme activities vary between individuals, PteGlu intake may have an as yet undefined effect on health. These findings may be relevant when considering mandatory folic acid fortification for disease prevention.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.949-965
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• 1996

The main goal of periodontal therapy is to restore the lost periodontal tissue and establish the attachment appratus. Current acceptable therapeutic techniques are included : removal of diseased soft tissue, demineralization of exposed root surface, using the barrier membrane for preventing the downgrowth of gingival epithelial cell, insertion of graft materials as a scaffolding action, and biological mediators for promoting the cell activity. The latest concept one among them has been studied which based on the knowledge of cellular biology of destructed tissue. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) is one of the polypeptide growth factor which have been reported as a biological mediator to regulate activities of wound healing progress including cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. The purposes of this study is to evaluate the influences of the PDGF as biological mediator to periodontal ligament and bone marrow cell. Both right and left maxillary first molar were extracted from rat which had treated with 0.4% ${\beta}-Aminopropionitril$ for 5 days, and feeded until designed date to sacrifice under anesthesisa. Periodontal ligament were removed from the extracted socket of the rat, and cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Essential Medium(DMEM) contained with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 100U/ml penicillin, $100{\mu}g/ml$ streptomycin, $0.5{\mu}g/ml$ amphotericin-B. Bone marrow cell were culture from bone marrow suspension with which washed out from femur with same medium. The study was performed to evaluate the effect of PDGF to periodontal ligament and bone cell, cell proliferation rate, total protein synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase activity of rat periodontal ligament(PDL) cell and bone stromal(RBS) cell in vitro. The effects of growth factors on both cells were measured at 3, 5th day after cell culture with (control group) or without growth factors(experimental group). The results were as follows: 1. The tendency of cell proliferation under the influence of PDGF showed more rapid proliferation pattern than control at 3 and 5 days after inoculation. 2. The activity of Alkaline phosphatase revealed 14, 80% increased respectively at 3, 5 days culture than control group. Measurements of ALPase levels indicated that PDL cells had significantly higher activity when compared with that of co-culture groups and GF only(P<0.05). And, ALPase activity in 10 days was higher than that of 7 days(P<0.05). 3. The tendency of formation of the mineralized nodule were observed dose-depend pattern of PDL cells. There was statistically significant difference among group l(PDL 100%), 2(PDL 70%:GF 30%), and 3(PDL 50%:GF 50%)(P<0.01). But, there was no difference among group 3, 4(PDL 30%:GF 70%), and 5(GF 100%). 4. Also, the number of nodule was greater in co-culture of PDL 70% and GF 30% than in culture of PDL 70%(P<0.05). From the above results, it is assumed that the PDGF on PDL cells and RMB cell culture. GF stimulates the cell growth, which is not that of PDL cells but GF. And, the activity of ALPase depends on the ratio of PDL cells, and ALPase may relate to the initial phase of nodule formation. Also, it is thought that the calcified nodule formation principally depends on PDL cells, is inhibited by GF, and affected by cell density. In conclusion, platelet-derived growth factor can promote rapid osteogenesis during early stage of periodontal tissue regeneration.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.18-18
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• 2010

Molecular insights on the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in potato tuberization are reported in the present study. The PGPRwere isolated from the soil collected from potato fields of Highland Agricultural Research Centre, Pyeongchang, Korea and they were identified to the genus level based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. These PGPR were heat-killed, filtered and the filtrates were addedindividually at a concentration of $10^7\;cfu\;mL^{-1}$ in MS (Murashige and Skoog's) medium supplemented with 7% (w/v) sucrose to study their influence on in vitro potato tuberization. Tuber initiation occurred early in untreated control, while tuber growth was pronounced in case of PGPR treatments. The control explants showed tuber formation as a result of sub-apical swelling of stolons while several sessile tubers formed directly in the axils of nodal cuttings in case of PGPR treatments, which is an indication of strong induction for tuberization. Theexplants cultured on MS medium supplemented with bacterial isolate 6 (Bacillus firmus strain 40) showed highest average tuber yield (Ca. 12.56 g per treatment) after 30 days of culture, which was 3 folds increase over the untreated control. A significant increase in lipoxygenase (LOX1) mRNA expression and activity of LOX enzyme were also detected in the tubers induced on PGPR treatments as compared to untreated control. This LOX expression level correlated with increased tuber growth and tuber yield. Further studies focused on the role of bacteria cell wall components, growth regulators and signal molecules released by PGPR are under investigation to elicit clues for PGPR-mediated signal pathway controlling potato tuberization.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2000

Effects of Jasmonic Acid and Wounding on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Senescing Tomato Leaves The effects of jasmonic acid(JA) and wounding on polyphenol oxidase(PPO) during leaf senescence was investigated by measuring the PPO activity in detached tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaves of two-week-old seedlings. The PPO activity in the detached senescing leaves increased significantly in the dark. The leaf segments responded to the application of JA with accelerated senescence, as indicated by the loss of chlorophyll and rapid increase in the PPO activity. The senescence-promoting action of JA differed in the light and dark. Wounding the detached senescing leaves by scraping surface segments or making punctures with needles considerably delayed the loss of chlorophyll and had a significant effect on the PPO activity, the amounts of which were roughly proportional to the intensity of the wounding. In the dark, the combination of wounding plus JA resulted in stable levels of chlorophyll and PPO. JA and ABA acted similarly in both unwounded and wounded leaves, however, the amount of chlorophyll and PPO in the wounded segments was always higher than in the respective controls. JA was found to eliminate the senescence-retarding action of benzyladenine. In a histochemical localization test, the PPO activity was found to be localized in the cell walls of the parenchyma tissue, thereby indicating moderate cytoplasmic reactions. In the JA-treated plants, the PPO activity was intense in the cells of the cortex and phloem parenchyma. Accordingly, based on these observations it would appear that PPO is a component of a defense response maker, whereas JA plays an integral role in the intracellular signal transduction involved in inducible defense mechanisms.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2012

The technique of SCNT is now well established but still remains inefficient. The in vitro development of SCNT embryos is dependent upon numerous factors including the recipient cytoplast and karyoplast. Above all, the metaphase of the second meiotic division (MII) oocytes have typically become the recipient of choice. Generally high level of MPF present in MII oocytes induces the transferred nucleus to enter mitotic division precociously and causes NEBD and PCC, which may be the critical role for nuclear reprogramming. In the present study we investigated the in vitro development and pregnancy of White-Hanwoo SCNT embryos treated with caffeine (a protein kinase phosphatase inhibitor). As results, the treatment of 10 mM caffeine for 6 h significantly increased MPF activity in bovine oocytes but does not affect the developmental competence to the blastocyst stage in bovine SCNT embryos. However, a significant increase in the mean cell number of blastocysts and the frequency of pregnant on 150 days of White-Hanwoo SCNT embryos produced using caffeine treated cytoplasts was observed. These results indicated that the recipient cytoplast treated with caffeine for a short period prior to reconstruction of SCNT embryos is able to increase the frequency of pregnancy in cow.