• 제목/요약/키워드: cell mediated immunity

검색결과 245건 처리시간 0.035초

비장세포의 Th cytokine 생산에 있어서 chlorpyrifos의 영향 (Effects of Chlorpyrifos on the Production of Splenic Th Cytokines)

  • 채병숙
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.325-332
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    • 2002
  • A helper T(Th)1-mediated response is known to enhance cell -mediated immunity, while a Th2-mediated response is associated with the humoral immunity that if elevated IgE levels and eosinophilia. Prostaglandin (PG)E$_2$results in the decreased capability of Iymphocytes to produce Thl cytokines, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been reported to impair the blastogenesis and response of T Iymphocytes. CPF also induces delayed febrile effects, which results from the activation of COX -PGE$_2$pathway. The purpose of this study is to determine the effort of CPF on the in vitro production of Th cytokines and the role of PGE$_2$on the CPF-induced production of Th cytokines. Splenocytes obtained from male BALB/c mice were pretreated with CPF(0.1, 1, 10 and 100$\mu$M) in the presence of absence of indomethacin or PGE$_2$for 12 h and then were incubated with concanavalin (Con) A for 48 h. These results showed that CPF remarkedly reduced the production of splenic interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ in a dose-dependent manner. CPF significantly increased the splenic IL-4 production at low doses (0.1 and 1$\mu$M) but did not affect at high doses (10 and 100 $\mu$M). Indomethacin reduced the CPF-decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose -dependent manner and significantly attenuated the production of IL-4 increased by CPF 0.1 $\mu$M. High dose of CPF significantly reduced the PGE$_2$-decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while the PGE$_2$- induced production of IL-4 was significantly enhanced by CPF 1 $\mu$M. These findings suggest that CPF nay down-regulate the immune response of Th 1 type by the suppressed production of IL-2 and IFN-γ, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. The CPF-decreased production of Thl cytokines may not be mediated by endogenous PGE$_2$. Also, CPF may attenuate the exogenous PGE$_2$-decreased Th 1 immune response in a dose--dependent manner but may affect dose-independently the PGE$_2$-induced Th2 immune response.

JY-Pol 접합백신으로 유도된 항페렴구균 항체의 보호효과 (Antibody Induced by the JY-Pol Pneumococcal Conjugate Protects Mice Against systemic Infection Due to Streptococcus pneumoniae)

  • 이주희;한용문
    • 약학회지
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    • 제48권6호
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    • pp.369-373
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    • 2004
  • We previously reported that Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule attached to the surface protein (JY-Pol) was protective to systemic pneumococcal infection. The JY -Pol antigen induced IgM, IgG, and IgA in mice and provoked cell-mediated immunity. In this current study, we investigated the effect of anti JY-Pol antiserun and monoclonal antibody C2 (Mab C2) specific for the JY-Pol antigen against the pneumococcal disease. Mice that were given the antiserum survived longer than mice that received antiserum pre-absorbed with S.pneumoniae cells or DPBS as a negative control. Heat-treated anti JY-Pol antiserum resulted in survival rates similar to intact fresh JY-Pol antiserum. Mab C2 isolated from JY-Pol-immunized mice also enhanced resistance of naive mice against the pneumococcal diseaser. This protection by Mab C2 appeared to be mediated by opsonization as determined in a RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage cell line. Epitope analysis showed that Mab C2 epitope consisted of glucuronic acid and glucose that blocked the interaction of JY-Pol to the C2. Taken together, these data indicate that the antiserum induced by the JY-Pol, a naturally pneumococcal conjugate formula, mediated the protection by passive transfer, which was confirmed by protective effect of Mab C2.

정상 면역 생쥐에 접종된 암세포주의 종괴 형성이 숙주의 지연성과민반응에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of the Tumor Mass Size Inoculated in Immunologically Competent Balb/c Mice on Delayed-type Hypersensitivity Response)

  • 임현자;우아미;정영주;강재승;신동훈;이왕재;황영일
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 2006
  • Background: Based on outstanding progresses in animal experiments, vaccines for some human tumors have been developed. However, clinical effects of these vaccines have been far below than expected. This discrepancy might come from differences between animal models and human patients with respect to immunocompetency. The immune status of mice after tumor inoculation has not been well studied, which make us cautious in interpreting and applying the results from mice to human. We evaluated cell-mediated immune responses in mice after tumor cell inoculation. Methods: Mice were inoculated with TA3Ha, CT26, or 4T1. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were induced 2-4 weeks after inoculation using 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene as an antigen. The relationships between the severity of DTH responses and the duration of tumor inoculation or the size of tumor mass were analyzed. Results: In T A3Ha groups, DTH response was elevated 2 weeks after inoculation, but depressed after 4 weeks, compared to the control group. When analyzed based on the sizes of tumor masses elicited, DTH responses were inversely related to the mass size, especially in those greater than 10 mm in diameter. In CT26 groups, while the duration after inoculation did not affect the severity of DTH responses, those with large mass showed depressed responses regardless the duration of inoculation. 4T1 cells grew so slowly that the size of tumor mass was small even 4 weeks after inoculation, and this group showed much higher DTH responses compared to that of tumor-free group. Conclusion: At least in an experimental setting where tumor model was induced by inoculating tumor cell lines into immunologically competent mice, the host immune response was elevated in early stage, and then depressed in late stage when the mass grew over a critical size.

수지상세포의 항원제시 능력 및 항암활성에 미치는 Lipofectin의 영향 (Effect of Lipofectin on Antigen-presenting Function and Anti-tumor Activity of Dendritic Cells)

  • 노영욱;임종석
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.102-110
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    • 2006
  • Background: Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells in the immune system and can induce T cell response against virus infections, microbial pathogens, and tumors. Therefore, immunization using DC loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is a powerful method of inducing anti-tumor immunity. For induction of effective anti-tumor immunity, antigens should be efficiently introduced into DC and presented on MHC class I molecules at high levels to activate antigen-specific $CD8^+$ T cells. We have been exploring methods for loading exogenous antigens into APC with high efficiency of Ag presentation. In this study, we tested the effect of the cationic liposome (Lipofectin) for transferring and loading exogenous model antigen (OVA protein) into BM-DC. Methods: Bone marrow-derived DC (EM-DC) were incubated with OVA-Lipofectin complexes and then co-cultured with B3Z cells. B3Z activation, which is expressed as the amount of ${\beta}$-galactosidase induced by TCR stimulation, was determined by an enzymatic assay using ${\beta}$-gal assay system. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with OVA-pulsed DC to monitor the in vivo vaccination effect. After vaccination, mice were inoculated with EG7-OVA tumor cells. Results: BM-DC pulsed with OVA-Lipofectin complexes showed more efficient presentation of OVA-peptide on MHC class I molecules than soluble OVA-pulsed DC. OVA-Lipofectin complexes-pulsed DC pretreated with an inhibitor of MHC class I-mediated antigen presentation, brefeldin A, showed reduced ability in presenting OVA peptide on their surface MHC class I molecules. Finally, immunization of OVA-Lipofectin complexes-pulsed DC protected mice against subsequent tumor challenge. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence that antigen-loading into DC using Lipofectin can promote MHC class I- restricted antigen presentation. Therefore, antigen-loading into DC using Lipofectin can be one of several useful tools for achieving efficient induction of antigen-specific immunity in DC-based immunotherapy.

노화에 따른 면역지표의 변화에 관한 연구 (Modulation of Immune Parameters by Aging Process)

  • 이지혜;정지혜;김현숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.152-160
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 노화에 따른 영양 태와 면역지표의 변화를 알아보기 위해 연령대가 다른 성인 여성 총 54명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연령 이외의 환경적 유전적 차이를 최소화하기 위하여 대부분이 한 가족 내 3세대, 즉 20대인 딸, 40~50대인 어머니, 60세 이상의 할머니들로 구성시켰다. 대상자들의 신체 계측, 식이 섭취 조사, 생화학적 검사를 통해 영양상태를 판정하였고, 면역지표를 평가하기 위해 총 백혈구 수 및 백혈구 백분율을 측정하였다. 또한 세포매개성 면역능력을 측정하기 위해 T ltmphocyte과 CD4 +, CD8 + 그리고 NK cells의 수와 비율을 측정하였으며 체액성 면역지표를 알아보기 위해 면역 글로불린 G, A, M의 농도를 측정하였다. 신체 계측 결과 연령이 증가됨에 따라 평균 체지방 함량은 증가하였고 체내 총 수분량과 근육의 양은 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈다. 각 연령별 영양 섭취 상태를 조사한 결과 20대 여대생군의 경우 열량과 철분을 제외한 다른 영양소의 영양상태는 비교적 양호하였으나 3대 영양소의 열량 섭취 비율 또한 한국인 영양섭취기준과 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 40~50대 어머니군에서도 철분의 영양 상태가 권장량에 비해 부족하였고, 할머니군에서는 에너지 섭취량은 권장량에 비해 낮은 반면 단백질과 철분의 섭취량은 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 총 백혈구 수 및 백혈구 백분율은 조사 대상자 대부분이 정상 범위에 속해 연령 증가에 따른 유의성이 없었으며, T lymphocyte 및 CD4 +, CD8 +와 NK cells을 조사한 결과 T lymphocyte과 CD4 + T cells은 연령 증가에 따라 유의적 차를 보이지 않는 반면 CD8 + T cells은 연령이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하여 CD4 +:CD8 +의 비율이 노화됨에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타냈고, 전체 lymphocyte 중에서 NK cells과 B lymphocyte 수는 유의적 차를 보이지 않았으나 면역 글로불린 M은 노화에 따라 그 농도가 감소하는데 비해 면역 글로불린 A는 각 군별 유의성이 없었고, 면역 글로불린 G는 어머니군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 영양 면역학은 비교적 최근의 관심 분야이고 더욱이 국내에서 이 분야의 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 그러므로 급속히 발달하고 있는 면역학 이론의 올바른 이해와 새로운 연구 방법의 신속한 적용, 정확한 연구 결과의 해석으로 좀더 구체적이고 체계적인 연구를 통해 각 영양소가 인체 면역지표에 미치는 구체적 메커니즘을 밝히고 면역능 증진을 위한 생리적 활성을 줄 수 있는 각 영양소의 권장량에 대한 연구가 앞으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

The Anti-tumor Activity of Vitamin C via the Increase of Fas (CD95) and MHC I expression on Human Stomach Cancer Cell Line, SNU1

  • Yu, Yeon-Sil;Bae, Se-Yeon;Kim, Hye-Min;Kim, Ye-Jin;Chu, Nag-Bum;Chu, Nag-Kyun;Kang, Jae-Seung;Lee, Wang-Jae
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.210-215
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    • 2011
  • It is already known that high concentration of vitamin C induces apoptosis on tumor cells. However, there is no report regarding the function of vitamin C on the modulation of immune susceptibility of cancer. Therefore, we investigated whether vitamin C can modulate immune susceptibility of tumor cells, especially on the induction of Fas-mediated apoptosis. First, the optimal concentration of vitamin C, which cannot induce damages on tumor cells for 36 hrs. We found that 2 mM of vitamin C did not show harmful effect. In addition, the optimal concentration of agonistic anti-Fas Abs for 18 hrs was examined. As a result, 400 ng/ml of agonistic anti-Fas Abs did not induce apoptosis on tumor cells. Next, we tried to find the effect of 2 mM of vitamin C on the modulation of the susceptibility to agonistic anti-Fas Abs. When tumor cells were cultured with 400 ng/ml of agonistic anti-Fas Abs for 18 hrs, after pre-treatment with 2 mM of vitamin C for 24 hrs, viability of cells was decreased. Interestingly, we found that the expression of Fas (CD95) and MHC class I was increased by the treatment of vitamin C. Taken together, vitamin C increases the susceptibility of tumor cells to anti-Fas Abs and the expression of Fas (CD95) and MHC class I on tumor cells.

Rpi-blb2 Gene-Mediated Late Blight Resistance in Plants

  • Oh, Sang-Keun
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국균학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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    • pp.26-26
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    • 2015
  • Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, one of the most devastating plant diseases. P. infestans secretes effector proteins that are both modulators and targets of host plant immunity. Among these are the so-called RXLR effectors that function inside plant cells and are characterized by a conserved motif following the N-terminal signal peptide. In contrast, the effector activity is encoded by the C terminal region that follows the RXLR domain. Recently, I performed in planta functional profiling of different RXLR effector alleles. These genes were amplified from a variety of P. infestans isolates and cloned into a Potato virus X (PVX) vector for transient in planta expression. I assayed for R-gene specific induction of hypersensitive cell death. The findings included the discovery of new effector with avirulence activity towards the Solanum bulbocastanum Rpi-blb2 resistance gene. The Rpi-blb2 encodes a protein with a putative CC-NBS-LRR (a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeat) motif that confers Phytophthora late blight disease resistance. We examined the components required for Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance to P. infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus-induced gene silencing was used to repress candidate genes in N. benthamiana and to assay against P. infestans infections. NbSGT1 was required for disease resistance to P. infestans and hypersensitive responses (HRs) triggered by co-expression of AVRblb2 and Rpi-blb2 in N. benthamiana. RAR1 and HSP90 did not affect disease resistance or HRs in Rpi-blb2-transgenic plants. To elucidate the role of salicylic acid (SA) in Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance, we analyzed the response of NahG-transgenic plants following P. infestans infection. The increased susceptibility of Rpi-blb2-transgenic plants in the NahG background correlated with reduced SA and SA glucoside levels. Furthermore, Rpi-blb2-mediated HR cell death was associated with $H_2O_2$, but not SA, accumulation. SA affects basal defense and Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance against P. infestans. These findings provide evidence about the roles of SGT1 and SA signaling in Rpi-blb2-mediated resistance against P. infestans.

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면양(緬羊)의 혼합임파구배양(混合淋巴球培養)의 Micro-technique 정립(定立)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Microtechnique for Mixed Lymphocyte Culture in the Sheep)

  • 전무형
    • 대한미생물학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 1981
  • A microculture technique for the mixed lymphocyte culture test(MLC) in the sheep is described. The optimal incubation periods for the MLC are varied from 4 to 6 days depending on the sources of lymphocytes. It is found that a 2.5:1 stimulator-responder cell ratio and the responder cell concentration of $1{\times}10^5$ cells/well produce the highest($^3H$)-thymidine incorporation. Moreover cryopreservation of bovine lymphocytes results in satisfactory and reproducible MLC reaction. It is also evident that the MLC reactions of the sheep are under the control of histocompatibility matching between the stimulator cells and the responder cells. Significance of the technique as a too! for study on cell mediated immunity in sheep system, either normal or squamous cell carcinoma-bearing, are discussed.

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A Possible Physiological Role of Caspase-11 During Germinal Center Reaction

  • Kang, Shin-Jung
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2008
  • Caspase-11 has been known as a dual regulator of cytokine maturation and apoptosis. Although the role of caspase-11 under pathological conditions has been well documented, its physiological role has not been studied much. In the present study, we investigated a possible physiological function of caspase-11 during immune response. In the absence of caspase-11, immunized spleen displayed increased cellularity and abnormal germinal center structure with disrupted microarchitecture. The rate of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the immunized spleen was not changed in the caspase-11-deficient mice. Furthermore, the caspase-11-deficient peritoneal macrophages showed normal phagocytotic activity. However, caspase-11-/-splenocytes and macrophages showed defective migrating capacity. The dysregulation of cell migration did not seem to be mediated by caspase-3, interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ or interleukin-$1{\beta}$ which acts downstream of caspase-11. These results suggest that a direct regulation of immune cell migration by caspase-11 is critical for the formation of germinal center microarchitecture during immune response. However, humoral immunity in the caspase-11-deficient mice was normal, suggesting the formation of germinal center structure is not essential for the affinity maturation of the antibodies.

면역반응 알고리즘을 이용한 구조물의 진동제어 (A Vibration Control of the Strcture using Immune Response Algorithm)

  • 이영진;이권순
    • 한국항만학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.389-398
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    • 1999
  • In the biological immunity, the immune system of organisms regulates the antibody and T-cells to protect the attack from the foreign materials which are virus, germ cell, and other antigens, and supports their stable state. It has similar characteristics that has the adaptation and robustness to overcome disturbances and to control the plant of engineering application. In this paper, we build a model of the T-cell regulated immune response mechanism. We have also designed an immune response controller(IRC) focusing on the T-cell regulated immune response of the biological immune system that include both a help part to control the response and a suppress part to adjust system stabilization effect. We show some computer simulation to control the vibration of building structure system with strong wind forces excitation also demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed controller for applying a practical system even with existing nonlinear terms.

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