• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2005

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a recently described aggressive B-cell neoplasm, which usually manifests as a localized disease of the oral mucosa in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently we encountered a case of plasmablastic lymphoma manifesting in the left maxillary sinus and cervical lymph node of a previously healthy HIV-negative man, 48 years of age. we conducted a fine-needle aspiration smear of the cervical lymph node, and this was found to be highly cellular with numerous large cells exhibiting eccentrically positioned nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and moderate quantities of basophilic cytoplasm. A biopsy of the mass in the maxillary sinus evidenced diffuse growth of similar plasmablastic cells. These tumor cells were negative for the leukocyte common antigens, CD20, CD3, CD30, and EMA. However, the cells tested positive for CD79a and CD138/syndecan-1. The tumor cells also exhibited L-light-chain restriction. The Ki-67 proliferation index was measured at almost 100%. The patient was diagnosed with plasmablastic lymphoma. After three cycles of combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the patient went into complete remission, and currently remains in this state.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

ZnSnO thin films were deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) process using diethyl zinc ($Zn(C_2H_5)_2$) and tetrakis (dimethylamino) tin ($Sn(C_2H_6N)_4$) as metal precursors and water vapor as a reactant. ALD process has several advantages over other deposition methods such as precise thickness control, good conformality, and good uniformity for large area. The composition of ZnSnO thin films was controlled by varying the ratio of ZnO and $SnO_2$ ALD cycles. The ALD ZnSnO film was an amorphous state. The band gap of ZnSnO thin films increased as the Sn content increased. The CIGS solar cell using ZnSnO buffer layer showed about 18% energy conversion efficiency. With such a high efficiency with the ALD ZnSnO buffer and no light soaking effect, AlD ZnSnO buffer mighty be a good candidate to replace Zn(S,O) buffer in CIGSsolar cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.896-901
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• 2000

The effect of gamma-irradiation on the microbiological and general quality changes of the Chungkukjang was studied. Chungkukjang was prepared, irradiated at 0, 5, 10 and 20 kGy, and then stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for six weeks. The results showed that the vegetative Bacillus cell was decreased by 5 log cycles with dose of 10 kGy with 1.78 kGy of $D_{10}$ value. Also, Bacillus was nearly eliminated by 20 kGy and that survived 10 kGy gamma irradiation was decreased significantly with the duration of storage period. The formation of $NH_{2}-nitrogen$ and $NH_{3}-nitrogen$, acidification and browning were repressed by gamma irradiation. Therefore, it was considered that the Chungkukjang treated with gamma irradiation maintained better quality than that of the control with storage.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

$Mycoplasma$ $pneumoniae$ (MP), the smallest self-replicating biological system, is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, leading to a wide range of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. MP pneumonia has been reported in 10 to 40% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and shows an even higher proportion during epidemics. MP infection is endemic in larger communities of the world with cyclic epidemics every 3 to 7 years. In Korea, 3 to 4-year cycles have been observed from the mid-1980s to present. Although a variety of serologic assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques are available for the diagnosis of MP infections, early diagnosis of MP pneumonia is limited by the lack of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies and variable PCR results in the early stages of the infection. Thus, short-term paired IgM serologic tests may be mandatory for an early and definitive diagnosis. MP infection is usually a mild and self-limiting disease without specific treatment, and if needed, macrolides are generally used as a first-choice drug for children. Recently, macrolide-resistant MP strains have been reported worldwide. However, there are few reports of apparent treatment failure, such as progression of pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome despite macrolide treatment. The immunopathogenesis of MP pneumonia is believed to be a hyperimmune reaction of the host to the insults from MP infection, including cytokine overproduction and immune cell activation (T cells). In this context, immunomodulatory treatment (corticosteroids or/and intravenous Ig), in addition to antibiotic treatment, might be considered for patients with severe infection.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.638-642
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• 2010

The spinel material $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ has attracted considerable attention as an anode electrode material for many battery applications owing to its light weight and high energy density. However, the real capacity of $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ powder as determined by the solid-state method is lower than the ideal capacity. In this study, we investigated the effect of the dopants in M-doped spinel $Ba_xLi_{4-2x}Ti_5O_{12}$(x=0.005, 0.05, 0.1) powders prepared by the solid-state reaction method and used as the anode material in lithiumion batteries. The results confirmed the effect of the Ba and Sr dopants on the powder properties of the spinel $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$, which exhibited a pure spinel structure without any secondary phase in its XRD pattern. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of the spinel M-LTO materials were investigated using a half cell. The electrochemical data show that cells with anodes made of undoped $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ and Ba- and Sr-doped $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ have discharge capacities of 97, 130, and 112 mAh/g, respectively, at the first cycle. Moreover, the Ba- and Sr-doped spinel $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ demonstrated good properties in the mid-voltage range at 1.55 V, showing stable cyclic voltammogram properties which surpassed those of the same material without Ba or Sr at 1 C after 100 cycles.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2009

This paper proposes a full-search block-matching motion estimation circuit with hybrid architecture combining systolic arrays and adder trees for an MPEG-4 encoder. The proposed circuit uses systolic arrays for motion estimation with a small number of clock cycles and adder trees to reduce required circuit resources. The interpolation circuit for 1/2 pixel motion estimation consists of six adders, four subtracters and ten registers. We improved the circuit performance by resource sharing and efficient scheduling techniques. We described the motion estimation circuit for integer and 1/2 pixels at RTL in Verilog HDL. The logic-level circuit synthesized by using 130nm standard cell library contains 218,257 gates and can process 94 D1($720{\times}480$) image frames per second.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2000

This paper presents an efficient hardware architecture of frame memory interface in MPEG-2 video encoder. To reduce the size of memory buffers between SDRAM and the frame memory module, the number of clocks needed for each memory access is minimized with dual bank operation and burst length change. By allocating the remaining cycles not used by SDRAM access, to the random access cycle, the internal buffer size, the data bus width, and the size of the control logic can be minimized. The proposed architecture is operated with 54MHz clock and designed with the VT $I^{тм}$ 0.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ CMOS TLM standard cell library. It is verified by comparing the test vectors generated by the c-code model with the simulation results of the synthesized circuit. The buffer area of the proposed architecture is reduced to 40 % of the existing architecture.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.5
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• pp.235-239
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• 2013

Several chemotherapeutic agents are known to develop pulmonary toxicities in cancer patients, although the frequency of incidence varies. Cyclophosphamide is a commonly encountered agent that is toxic to the lung. Additionally, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) being used for the recovery from neutropenia can exacerbate lung injury. However, most of the patients reported previously that the drug-induced interstitial pneumonitis were developed after three to four cycles of chemotherapy. Hereby, we report a case of peripheral T cell lymphoma which rapidly developed a fatal interstitial pneumonitis after the first cycle of combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisolone, and etoposide and the patient had also treated with G-CSF during neutropenic period.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7701-7705
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• 2015

Background: Thyroid hormones (TH) are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which plays an important role in cell growth, differentiation, development and other aspects of metabolism. It is believed that an active hypothalamic-pituitary axis increases the susceptibility of thyroid dysfunction during systemic chemotherapy. In order to investigate the relation between thyroid function and chemotherapy the present study was designed to investigate TH in breast cancer patients receiving at least three cycles of chemotherapy. The levels of TH were measured at the baseline and before each cycle of chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Blood samples for estimation of TH levels were collected from 80 (pre-menopausal-40; post-menopausal-40) breast cancer patients just before they were undergoing - $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ cycle of chemotherapy. The serum was separated and $T_3$, $T_4$ and TSH levels were determined by chemiluminescence method. Results: $T_3$ and $T_4$ were found significantly decreased and TSH was found significantly increased after $1^{st}$ (p<0.001), $2^{nd}$ (p<0.0001) and $3^{rd}$ cycle of chemotherapy (p<0.0001). The variation of $T_3$ levels (decreased) and TSH levels (increased) was found more in post-menopausal (p<0.0001) women then in pre-menopausal women after $3^{rd}$ cycle of chemotherapy as compared to baseline (p<0.001). Conclusions: TH were remarkably altered after each cycle of chemotherapy leading to decline in thyroid function of breast cancer patients. Further, the results also indicated that post-menopausal women were more prone towards decline in thyroid function then pre-menopausal women. The present study proposes the monitoring of TH after each cycle of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6595-6597
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• 2015

Objective: To investigate short- and long-term treatment effects and side reactions of lobaplatin plus 5-Fu combined and concurrent radiotherapy in treating patients with inoperable middle-advanced stage esophageal cancer. Methods: Sixty patients with middle-advanced stage esophageal squamous cell cancer were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were administered lobaplatin (50 mg intravenously) for 2 h on day 1, and 5-Fu ($500mg/m^2$) injected intravenously from day 1 to 5 for 1 cycle, in an interval of 21 days for totally 4 cycles. At the same time, late-course accelerated hyperfractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was performed. Patients were firstly treated with conventional fractionated irradiation (1.8 Gy/d, 5 times/week, a total of 23 treatments, and DT41.4 Gy), and then treated with accelerated hyperfractionated irradiation (1.5 Gy, 2 times/d, a total of 27 Gy in 9 days, an entire course of 6-7 weeks, and DT 68.4Gy). Results: All patients completed treatment, including 10 complete response (CR), 41 partial response (PR), 7 stable disease (SD), and 2 progressive disease (PD). The total effective rate was 85.0% (51/60). Thirty-nine patients had an increased KPS score. One-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 85.3%, 57.5%, and 41.7%, respectively. The median survival time was 27 months. The adverse reactions included myelosuppression, which was mainly degree I and II. The occurrence rate of radiation esophagitis was 17.5%. No significant hepatic or renal toxicity was observed. Conclusion: Lobaplatin plus 5-Fu combined with concurrent radiotherapy is safe and effective in treating patients with middle-advanced stage esophageal cancer. However, this result warrants further evaluation by randomized clinical studies.