• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2014

Fresh sea squirt meat requires a modified processing and preservation process because it has a short shelf life due to its high moisture content and strong proteolytic enzyme activity. In this study, bottled sea squirt meat prepared in vegetable oil (BSMO) to enhance the consumer acceptability was exposed to ${\gamma}$-ray (Co60, 10 kGy/h) irradiation to extend the shelf life without the use of a heating process. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal mixing ratio of BSMO containing 5% dehydrated fresh meat. Texture analysis and nutritional evaluation were also performed on a control and BSMO samples. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content and total cell count were measured to determine the shelf life of irradiated BSMO products during chilled storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. According to a panel of 10 trained tasters (aged 20-29 years), the optimal mixing formulation was 80 g meat in 60 mL of mixed vegetable oil (30 mL of olive oil and 30 mL of sesame oil). The highest rated formulation, according to a panel of nine trained tasters (aged ${\geq}30$ years), was 80 g meat in 60 mL of mixed vegetable oil (42 mL of olive oil and 18 mL of sesame oil). Moisture, ash, and protein contents in BSMO did not change significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the control. A higher lipid content ($0.84{\pm}0.23$ to $2.13{\pm}0.61$; P < 0.05) was observed due to the presence of vegetable oil on the surface of BSMO. The vegetable oil raised the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of BSMO. BSMO products remained edible after 50 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$ based on the VBN content (BSMO 1: $27.92{\pm}0.96$ mg/100 g, BSMO 2: $24.84{\pm}1.95$ mg/100 g) and total cell count (BSMO 1: $4.60{\pm}0.80$ log CFU/mL, BSMO 2: $3.65{\pm}0.20$ log CFU/mL) when compared with standard levels of VBN (25.00 mg/100 g) and total cell count (5 log CFU/mL), respectively. The results showed that irradiated BSMO products could help to expand the processed seafood market and increase the popularity of seafood among the younger generations.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.379-388
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• 2011

Survey of mastitis management and incidence of mastitis in the Gyeongnam was started in May to September 2009 to solve mastitis problem statistically valid data for use in estimating mastitis management, isolation and antimicrobial drug susceptibility in 30 dairy farms having over 350,000/ml somatic cell count. In investigation on recognition of farmer about bovine mastitis, the ratio of understanding of differences between infectious and environmental origin, understanding of correlation between superbacteria and using indiscriminate, necessity of pathogen identification, and necessity of antimicrobial sensitivity tests were 80.0%, 73.3%, 33.3%, and 53.3%, respectively. In survey of mastitis management type, regular california mastitis test (CMT), conducting CMT test and empirical self-treatment, when detecting suspected cows, were 30.0%, 40.0%, and 46.7%, respectively. Checking and cleaning pulsators biweekly, cleaning vacuum system and replacing liners every 3~6 month, and getting milking system checked by engineers showed 80.0%, 76.7%, and 76.7% in the questionnaires, respectively. In recognition of farmer about milking hygiene for prevention of bovine mastitis, using individual towels, separated milking (milking order of cows), and teat-dipping disinfection after milking exhibited 13.3%, 86.7%, and 93.3%, respectively. In conclusion, through the questionnaires and laboratory test, we suggest that recognition of farmer about management and incidence of mastitis was very low, thus systemic educational program and public relations about mastitis management were need for dairy farmers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.485-489
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• 2008

In this study, the fried fish paste was prepared from Alaska pollack meat paste added with propolis. The quality characteristics were analyzed by peroxide value, gel strength, color, viable cell count and sensory evaluation. The fried fish paste product had lower peroxide value and viable cell count after frying compared to the one without propolis. The antioxidant and antispoiling ability of propolis in fried fish paste increased with content of propolis. Gel strength increased with increasing addition of propolis. L-value decreased but a-value and b-value increased with the addition of propolis. In sensory evaluation, 0.17% propolis had the best score in overall acceptability. These results indicate that the fish paste could be prepared by adding the propolis for high quality and functionality. Consequently, propolis can be applied as a food preservative or additive.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2012

Test turnaround time (TAT) is the lead time from reception to reporting. In the complete blood cell count (CBC), 4 units of the XE-2100 (Sysmex Corp., Japan) processed around 80% of quantity, 1 unit of the LH-780 (Beckman-Coulter Incorp., USA) processed around 10% and 1 unit of ADVIA-2120 (Siemens AG, Munich, Germany) processed around 10%. We analyzed the change in the TAT for the CBC for over 7 years, from January of 2005 to December of 2011. The delta check made alterations of delta to WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and metamyelocyte, however, did not made them to band neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte. The panic value check made alterations of panic value to hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and monocyte. In the criteria of currently slide review, LH-780 and ADVI-2120 analyzers prepared suspect flags of "Blast, Imm NE2, Immature granulocyte, Imm NE1, Left shift, Variant lymphocyte, Atypical lymphocyte, Platelet clumps and NRBC". The New slide review in the XE-2100 analyzer altered the preparations of a smear slide more than a "Platelet clumps flag(${\geq}200unit$), a single flag excluding the "Platelet clumps flag (${\geq}250unit$) and a multiple flag (${\geq}200unit$)". Also, below the 240 unit, medical technologists prepared manual slides selectively according to their evaluations. The automatic reporting rate was 33.4% without alterations, whereas it was 41.0% without alterations, and was thus improved by 7.6%. The slide review rate was 15.2% before using the Q-flag limit, whereas it was 12.1% for a reduce 3.1%. TAT was 45 minutes without the creation alterations of the delta and panic value checks, whereas it was 35 minutes after making alterations of the delta and panic value checks and thus was shortened by 10 minutes. We came to the conclusion that the establishment and operation of delta and panic value checks and slide review criteria suitable for laboratory environment can reduce unnecessary smear slides, re-checking, re-sampling, re-testing, telephone inquiries and concentrated workloads during specific times of the day.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.415-419
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• 2004

Effects of feeding seven strains of Lactobacillus spp. on the level of cell glutathione sulphydryl (GSH) in spleen, liver and erythrocyte of the ICR mice and on the level of immunoglobulin M in the spleen were determined. The level of cell glutathione sulphydryl in the spleen was dependent on the strain of Lactobacilli, it was significantly higher in the mice fed with L. casei CU 001, L. rhamnosus CU 02, L. acidophilus NCFM and L. casei YIT9018 (p>0.05). The level of cell glutathione sulphydryl in the liver increased in the mice fed with L. casei YIT9018, L. acidophilus NCFM, L. casei CU 001 (p>0.05), the level of glutathione sulphydryl of the erythrocyte showed significantly higher value than control mice when fed with L. acidophilus NCFM, L. casei YIT9018, L. casei CU 001 (p>0.05). The level of immunoglobulin M in the spleen of ICR mice expressed as the plaque count revealed significantly higher value than the control mice when fed with L. casei CU 001, L. acidophilus NCFM and L.casei YIT 9018.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 1997

To determine the cause of Vibrio septicemia by understanding the characteristics endotoxin from Vibrio vulnificus, lethal dose, heat resistance and vascular permeability enhancing activity were svaluated using vegestative cell and cell homogenate and the result is as follows: 1. Vibrio vulnificus CDC B3547 of patient origin did not exihibit any significant difference in toxicity compared to Vibrio vulnificus B57 of enviroment origin. 2. Strong toxicity was observed when viable cell count of Vibrio vulnificus CDC B3547 was more than 10$^{7}$/ml. 3. Toxicity of cell homogenate was completely inactivited upon geating at 80$^{\circ}$C for 20min. 4. Cell homogenate did not show hemolyic activity but was acknowleged to have cytotoxicity. 5. Major lethal toxin against mouse was existed in Vibrio vulnificus CDC B3547; however, separation of LPS and LPS-protein complex was not successful using the current technique.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-74
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• 1967

In order to confirm whether acquired immunity or resistance can be developed by the repeated hookworm infections, the 150 mature actively moving filariform ancylostoma duodenale larvae obtained from the severe hookworm anemia patients were orally given to 8 healthy volunteers in three divided doses, 50 in each, at 5 day interval. Also the hematological changes as well as several ferrokinetics using $^{59}Fe$ were done and were compared with 10 controls. The clinical symptoms and signs were checked every day for the first 3 weeks and then twice weekly until the end of the experiment. The appearance of the ova in the stool was examined by the formalin ether method and the ova was counted by the Stoll's method. The following laboratory tests were done: 1) Red blood cell count, venous blood hematocrit(micromethod), hemoglobin count (cyanomethemoglobin method) were checked every 5 to 7 day interval. 2) Plasma iron concentration (Barkan's modified method) was determined every 2 to 3 week interval. 3) Radioisotope studies: a) Ferrokinetics: Huff et al and Bothwell's method were applied. Erythropoietic Index (% of normal)=$\frac{Subject's\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood{\times}100}{Average\;normal\;turnover/100ml\;whole\;blood}$ of the gastrointestinal absorption of iron: Radioiron($^{59}Fe$) balance b) Quantitative measurement method was applied. c) Determination of the plasma erythropoietin activity: Fried's method was applied. Following were the results: 1) The serum iron level was lower. The red cell volume was decreased, but with relative increase of plasma volume. 2) The plasma iron disappearance time was accelerated and the plasma iron turnover rate was decreased. The red cell iron turnover rate was markedly increased, while all of the red cell iron concentration, circulating red cell iron. plasma iron pool were decreased. The daily iron pool turnover and red cell renewal rate were increased. 3) The erythropoietic index, erythropoietin activity and intestinal absorption of iron($^{59}Fe$) were markedly increased. 4) The infectivity was $9.8{\pm}1.31%$ which was lower than that observed in the single infection. 5) From these observations, it is concluded that the hookworm anemia is essentially iron deficieny in its origin and some immunity acquisition is possible with repeated infections.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2011

Purpose: The goal of cancer surgery is complete removal of cancer tissue and prevention of recurrence. Surgeons can change the surgical instruments after total resection of the cancer mass. The purpose of this procedure is to prevent dissemination of the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments. Authors hypothesize the possibility of local recurrence caused by the cancer cells attached to the surgical instruments in the skin cancer cases. Methods: Skin cancers were induced by using DMBA-TPA two-stage carcinogenesis model in 10 of Balb/c mice. In 2-weeks, skin cancer was developed in all 10 mice. cancer cell attached surgical instruments were made by pinching the removed cancer tissue using Adson tissue forcep 10, 20, 30 times each. To count number of cancer cells in each forcep with different number of pinching was done, the forceps were washed in 30 mL of the normal saline and Cytospin preparation was done. To make recurrence models from cancer cell attached surgical instrument, three incisions were made in normal skin of each mouse, and local seeding was done by pinching subcutaneous tissue in 10, 20, 30 times each by using Adson teeth forceps mentioned above as cancer cell attached surgical instrument. Results: All skin cancers were squamous cell carcinoma. Local recurrences were developed in 7 mice (3 in 10 times forceping site, 2 in 20 times forceping and 3 in 30 times forceping). In the cytospin test, the mean number of squamous cells in 100 microscope was 28.6 in 10 times, 47.2 in 20 times, 93.6 in 30 times, respectively. P value was 0.002 in Wilcoxon-Sign test. Conclusion: The number of cell count was significantly increased as number of pinching was increased. And these cells are able to induce local recurrence by local seeding. Considering this result, authors are able to confirm that the minimal handling in cancer surgery is important factor to prevent local recurrence.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.579-591
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• 2001

The cell growth inhibitor effect of cervical cancer cells was investigated by liposome mediated transfection (pRcCMVp53/lipofectin) and by transfection using adenovirus (AdCMVp57). The papilloma virus cancer cell lines we used in this study were HPV16 positive, having inhibiter gene, wild p53 gene, CaSki, SiHa, HPV18 positive HeLa, HeLaS3 and HPV negative C33A, HT3. LacZ gene of E.coli was used as the marker gene for the transfection efficiency. The effect on the inhibition of tumor cell growth was measured by cell count and cell viability though ELISA analysis and MTT assay. The inhibition of tumor cell growth was confirmed by measuring each assay for six days, comparing with the normal control cell growth. The cell growth of cervical cancer calls by transfection was significantly reduced and showed tittle differences among the cell lines. To eliminate the potential problem of Ad(adenovirus) contamination during rAAV production, rAAV can be produced by a triple transfection of vector plasmic, packaging plasmid, and adenovirus helper plasmid. To examine the helper functions of Ad plasmids on the production of rAAV vector, we carried out cotransfection of three plasmids, AAV vector, packaging construct, and Ad helper plasmids. The optimized transfection condition for calcium phosphate method is 25ug of total DNA per 10-cm-diameter plate of 293 cell. We found that rAAV yields peaked at 48hr after Ad infection. The titer of rAAV was measured by the dot blot analysis to measure the number of particles/ml based on the quantification of viral DNA. Recent1y, Kombucha(fungi) was identified as a very potent antileukefic agent. In the present study, effect of natural toxin(plankton) and Kombucha is PSP(GTXI-3, neoSTX), on various MTT assay cervical cancer cell line. Toxin(GTX 1-3, neoSTX) also inhibited the proliferation in primary cervical cancer calls in a dose-dependent toxin concentration. These results showed that toxin was very potent in inhibiting the proliferation of cervical cancer calls in vitro. Toxins and Kombuoha exhibited a dose dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation in cancer cell line.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1462-1465
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• 2004

A new method to fabricate metal electrodes on side wall of the microchannel is presented. Coulter counter allows to count the number of cell passing through the microchannel by detecting impedance variation between two electrodes. The relative position of two electrodes is important for sensitivity of impedance measurement. 100nm thick Al electrodes are deposited on the channel side wall by means of shadow evaporation.