• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.511-521
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of enzyme activity and anti-proliferation of human cancer cell lines (HCT 116, NCI-H460 and MCF-7) of peanut skin depending on cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. K-Ol, cv. Sinpalkwang, cv. Daan, cv. Heuksaeng) and extraction solvent. Peanut skin was extracted with 80% ethanol, 80% methanol, 80% acetone, and distilled water, followed by analysis of the enzyme inhibitory activity and anticancer activity. Methanol extract of Daan cultivar most effectively inhibited ${\alpha}$-gluosidase (65.08%, 0.025 mg/mL), tyrosinase (82.49%, 2 mg/mL) and ACE (73.61%, 10 mg/mL). The inhibitory effect of peanut skin extracts on colon cancer cell (HCT-116), lung cancer cell (NCI-H460) and breast cancer cell (MCF-7) growth were investigate using MTT assay. The highest anti-proliferation of cancer cell line of peanut skin extracts was observed in the methanol extract of Daan cultivar. The cell viability on HCT 116, NCI-H460 and MCF-7 cell lines of methanol extracts from peanut skin of Daan cultivar was 48.13%, 41.03%, and 36.02% at $200{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. These results suggest that peanut skin extracts may mediate physiological activity, and provide valuable information for the use of peanut byproduct as a functional food material.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

왕종개 Iksookimia longicorpus 피부 및 피부샘 (skin gland)의 구조와 그들의 세포화학적 특징을 조사하기 위해 등, 측면, 복부, 머리부분 등 4부분을 조사하였다. 왕종개의 표피 (epidermis)는 작은 점액세포 (mucous cell)와 커다란 club cell의 2 type의 gland가 분포하였다. 특히 mucous cell의 성분은 acidic sulfomucins이었으나 club cell은 점액물질 (mucosubstance) test에 전혀 반응을 나타내지 않았다. 표피의 기저층 (stratum germinativum)에는 림파구를 가지는 lymphocytic space가 잘 발달되어 있으며, 기저막 (basement membrane) 바로 아래에는 많은 양의 모세혈관들이 서로 가깝게 분포하였다. 진피 (dermis)의 stratum laxum에는 alcian blue와 PAS 반응에서 양성반응을 보이는 부분 (a definite area)이 존재하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2000

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system was developed. In order to enhance the performance of membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the transfer printing method of the electrocatalyst layer on membrane was developed. The $H_2/O_2$ single cell with an electrode area of $50cm^2$ was fabricated and tested using 20 wt.% Pt/C as an electrocatalyst and the commercial and hand-made MEA such as Nafion 115, Hanwha, Dow, Flemion T and Gore Select. The 100-cell PEMFC stack with an active electrode area of $300cm^2$ was designed and fabricated using 40 wt.% Pt/C and 30 wt.% Pt-Ru/C as a cathode and anode electrocatalysts, respectively. The performance of PEMFC system was obtained to be 7kW (250A at 28V) and 3.5kW (70A at 50V) at $80^{\circ}C$ by flowing $H_2/air$ and methanol reformed fuel gas/air, respectively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.883-888
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• 2012

Anode electrode is one of the most important factors in microbial fuel cell (MFC). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mediator as methylene blue (MB) and electrode surface area on the power density of MFC with sponge and carbon nano tube (CNT) electrode (SC). The SC electrode with MB (MC) showed the maximum power density increased from 74.0 $mW/m^2$ to 143.1 $mW/m^2$. The grid shaped sponge and CNT (GSC) electrode showed the maximum power density of 209.2 $mW/m^2$ due to the increase of surface area from 88.0 to 152.0 $cm^2$. The GSC electrode with MB (GMC) revealed the maximum power density of 384.9 $mW/m^2$ which was 5.2 times higher than that obtained from the MFC with SC. Therefore MB and increase of surface area led to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cell such as power density.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2012

이 논문에서는 $Radix-4^2$알고리즘을 사용한 저면적 FFT 구조를 제안한다. 큰 point의 FFT는 여러 개의 직렬연결 스테이지로 구성되는데, $Radix-4^2$알고리즘을 사용하면 매 2 스테이지마다 곱셈 종류의 수가 3인 스테이지가 생긴다. 이 사실을 이용하여 곱셈 연산 종류의 수가 3인 스테이지의 구현 면적을 줄이는 구조를 제안하였다. 예를 들면 4096-point FFT는 6개의 스테이지로 구성되는데 $Radix-4^2$ 알고리즘을 사용하면 3개의 스테이지가 곱셈연산 종류의 수가 3이다. 이 3개의 스테이지의 곱셈 연산 하드웨어는 CSD(Canonic Signed Digit) 계수 방식과 CSS(Common Sub-expression Sharing) 기술을 사용하여 구현면적 감소시킬 수 있었다. 제안된 방식을 사용하여 256-point FFT 구조를 설계하여 Verilog-HDL 코딩하였다. 또한 tsmc $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 라이브러리를 사용하여 합성하여 구현한 결과 $1.971mm^2$의 cell area를 얻었다. 이와 같은 합성 결과는 기존 구조와 비교하여 약 23%의 cell area 감소 효과를 보였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.971-976
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• 2000

The main objective of this paper is to present the rain cell size distribution observed during squall line episodes in the Sudano-Sahelian region. The used data were collected during the EPSAT Program [Etude des Precipitation par SATellite (Satellites Study of Precipitation)] which has been developed since 1958, on an experimental area located near Niamey, Niger (2 10′32"E, 13 28′38"N). The data were obtained with a C-band radar and a network composed of approximately 100 raingages over a 10,000 $\textrm{km}^2$. In this work a culling of the squall line episodes was made for the 1992 rainy season. After radar data calibration using the raingage network a number of PPI (Plan Position Indicator) images were generated. Each image was then treated in order to obtain a series of radar reflectivity (Z) maps. To describe the cell distribution, a contouring program was used to analyze the areas with rain rate greater than or equal to the contour threshold (R$\geq$$\tau$). 24700 contours were generated, where each iso-pleth belongs to a predefined threshold. Computing each cell surface and relating its area to an equi-circle (a circle having the same area as the cell), a statistical analysis was made. The results show that the number of rain cells having a given size is an inverse exponential function of the equivalent radius. The average and median equivalent radii ate 1.4 and 0.69 In respectively. Implications of these results for the precipitation estimation using threshold methods are discussed.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-39
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• 2009

Purpose: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a heterogenous group of Langerhans cell proliferative disorders and includes eosinophilic granuloma, Letterer-Siwe diseases, and Hand-Schuller Christian disease. We report a case of eosinophilic granuloma on frontal area. Methods: A 17-year-old male presented with swelling and tenderness on Lt. frontal and periorbital area. CT and MRI showed a $33{\times}25mm$ sized mass that involved Lt. frontal calvarium, frontotemporal meninges, and orbital roof. Results: Total excision of the mass and adjacent soft tissue, calvarium, and orbital roof was performed. Orbital roof defect was reconstructed with absorbable plate and calvarial defect was done with outer cortex of temporal bone flap. The histology revealed proliferation of histiocytes and eosinophils. Immunologically, these histiocytic cells expressed S-100 protein and CD1a. The patient is currently taking conservative treatment. Conclusion: The severity of these disease and their prognosis and treatments are various. For unifocal cranial Langerhans cell histiocytosis, complete excision is the treatment of choice. We report this case with review of literature.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to define requisite content of physiology for nursing education. This study classifies the subjects of physiology into 15 areas. The areas are cell and cell membrane, body fluid, nervous system, special sense, muscular system, blood, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system, energy metabolism, body temperature, immune system, endocrine system, and reproductive system. Each subject area is further classified into subarea, resulting in a total of 194 subarea. The importance of each subarea is measured with a 3-point scale using a questionnaire. The subjects of this study were full-time professors teaching nursing in Korean universities. The analysis of the data collected from 68 respondents is as follows. 1. The areas of physiology necessary for nursing education in the order of importance are : body fluid, blood, endocrine, immune system, body temperature, urinary system, respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, energy metabolism, nervous system, cardiovascular system, cell and cell membrane, muscular system, and special sense. 2. Depending on the specific areas of nursing(such as pediatric nursing, maternity nursing), the importance of each physiology area may differ. For instance, the most important area for maternity nursing is reproductive physiology, whereas one for the psychiatric nursing is neuro-physiology. 3. The importance of each physiology area does not determine the importance of its subarea. For example, while the importance of cell and cell membrane was relatively very low across the respondents from different areas of nursing science, the importance of such subarea as osmosis, diffusion, and filteration reported by most respondents were high.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2021

We proposed an MEA development methodology that accurately measures intrinsic MEA performance while considering the uneven reaction environments formed inside a large-area BP. To facilitate measurement of the inherent MEA performance, we miniaturized the active area of the MEA to 3 cm², and prepared two MEAs with different ionomer contents of 0.65 and 0.80 (I/C). By simulating the operating conditions of a 100 cm² BP at the inlet (I), center (C), and outlet (O), the oxygen concentration and relative humidity were determined to be 20.7, 13.8, 11.7%, and 50, 66.1, and 70.1% respectively. We measured the performance and electrochemical analysis of the prepared MEAs under the three simulated conditions. Based on the results of statistical analysis of the evaluated MEA performance data, I/C 0.65 MEA had a higher average performance and lower performance deviation than I/C 0.80 MEA. Hence, it can be concluded that an I/C 0.65 MEA is a more effective MEA for large-area BP. Based on the above research process, we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed MEA development methodology.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.84-87
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• 2014

Protection of solar cell surface is important to prevent from dust, pollen, sand, etc. Therefore, development of large area antifouling film is urgent for high performance of solar cells. The surface of silica spheres was modified to fabricate large area antifouling film. The surface of monodisperse silica spheres has been modified with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate (TMSPM) to fabricate large area photonic crystal. Although the surface modification of silica spheres with TMSPM has been failed for the base catalyst, the second trial using acid catalyst showed the following results. The FTIR absorption peak at $1721cm^{-1}$ representing C=O stretching vibration indicates that the TMSPM was attached on the surface of silica spheres. The methanol solution comprised of the surface modified silica spheres (average diameter of 380 nm) and a photoinitiator was poured in the patterned silicon wafer with the dimension of 10 cm x 10 cm and irradiated UV-light during the self-assembly process. The result showed large area crack and defect free nanostructures.