• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1757-1762
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• 2011

Aflatoxins are natural contaminants of poultry feeds and feed ingredients and cause liver damage, immunosuppression, reduction in performance and mortality in broilers. A number of studies have been carried out to study the effects of aflatoxin on feed conversion ratio in broilers. The results on feed conversion ratio of 10 research articles in broilers fed with aflatoxin from first day of age to six weeks of age were compiled and were subjected to meta-analysis. Chi-square test and $Tau^2$ (heterogeneity co-efficient) were applied to test for significance of heterogeneity of studies. To integrate results, fixed effect model by Inverse Variance method (IV method) was used when heterogeneity was insignificant and otherwise random effect model by DerSimonian and Laird Method (DL method) was used. The results of meta-analysis showed that the adverse effect of aflatoxin on feed conversion ratio at the end of first week was negligible, second week was medium and third to six weeks was very large.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.481-484
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• 2003

Sulfide minerals contacted with air and water in coal seam cause oxidation reactions. This oxidation reactions make low pH of groundwater and surface water(Acid Drainage). The reddish brown precipitate collected from the cut slope of the study area was estimated using the X-Ray Diffractometer(XRD). XRD results show that the cut slope was affected by Acid Drainage. The cut slope exposured to Acid Drainage become weak about chemical weathering and defile the appearance of the road. Drainage facilities are very important in Cut Slope under Acid Drainage influence. Reactions between Coal seam and water cause chemical weathering and environmental problem. Therefore It is important to control the transfer paths of groundwater and surface water and to install water collecting facilities

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.37
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• pp.217-250
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• 2008

The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code which was developed as the main response of the shipping sector to the miserable event of 11 September 2001 came into effect on 1 July 2004. The ISPS Code designed to detect and eliminate security threats affecting ships and port facilities used in international trade will significantly impact not only on the management and operation of the shipping industry but also on maritime law despite the fact that it is the regulatory framework of public law. It is expected that implementing the ISPS Code will contribute to reinforcement of maritime security on the one hand. However, on the other hand, more intensified security inspection and control measures of port states will also cause delay and additional costs which cause uncertainty in allocating security risk and cost between the contracting parties. Therefore, it is desire to insert new security clause dealing with main security issues or adapt existing clauses to new shipping environments to minimize disputes.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.580-587
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• 1998

For many decades, the railway was constructed using tracks with jointed rails of relatively short lengths in accordance with rolling and handling technology. The joints cause many drawbacks in the track and lead to significant maintenance cost. So, railroad engineers became interested in eliminating joints to increase service loads and speeds by improving rolling, welding, and fastening technology, Continuous welded rail(CWR) track has many advantages over the conventional jointed-rail track. But in the case of the elimination of rail joints, it may cause the track to be suddenly buckled laterally by thermal and vehicle loads. Thermal loads are caused by an increase in the temperature of railway track. In this paper, CWR track model and CWRB program are developed for linear buckling analysis using finite element method(FEM). The finite element discretization is used with a total of 14 degrees of freedom for each rail element. The stiffness of the fastener, tie, and ballast bed are included by a set of spring elements. The investigation on the buckling modes and temperature of CWR track is presented in the paper.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.2519-2528
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• 2022

The child pick-up behavior of parents during an emergency can cause heavy traffic congestion and failing to evacuate an affected area successfully. In this study, we analyzed the effect of child pick-up behavior using, as an example, a nuclear power plant accident caused by an earthquake, which is a typical no-notice emergency. A quake was assumed to occur near the Shin-Kori nuclear power plant in Ulsan, Korea, resulting in a nuclear power plant accident. An agent-based dynamic simulation model using VISSIM was employed to conduct sensitivity analyses with different child pick-up rates. The results confirmed that parents are a major cause of congestion and a vulnerable class in an emergency evacuation. The child pick-up behavior caused significant traffic congestion, and parents who pick up their children showed a higher evacuation failure rate.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.1752-1758
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• 2008

This paper deals with the reduction of friction torque in permanent magnet motors by using the heat treatment of stator core. The stator core is made of electrical steel sheared by the punching die. From the punching process, large mechanical stress acting on the edge of stator tooth induces significant plastic and elastic deformation and then cause the change of magnetization properties. Then, the mechanical and magnetic unbalance in the sheared region of stator tooth produced by material cutting has influence on the friction torque. This paper investigated the effect of the punching process on the magnetization process and the mechanical deformation, and then proposed the stress relief annealing method for the reduction of friction torque among one of motor characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2002

Recently, the attraction for water-based ink is increasing, Because Solvent ink, based on organic solvent, cause bad effect on environment and rise the cost. Instead of organic solvent that cause environment pollution as well as cost-rise by rise of petroleum price, Binder based on alkali-soluble resin is popular and studied by many other country. However, in domestic, research and development for alkali-soluble resin is not like, because of lack of understanding environmental pollution and safety, therefor alkali-soluble resin development and research for the properties of the water-based ink used by alkali-soluble resin is not study very well. In this paper, we studied dispersion of carbon black in acrylic resin solution and the properties of water-based ink used by carbon black and acrylic binder.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.67-71
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• 2006

Strong oxidizing biocides are commonly used to control biofilm formation in alkaline papermaking systems. However, paper streams contain many substances that react with or consume oxidizers (e.g., fiber and starch, Therefore, to achieve effective microbiological control, the oxidizer must be overfed to overcome the effect of these substances. When dosed in this manner, the oxidizer can cause many unwanted reactions and adverse side effects, including the consumption of costly papermaking additives increased corrosion rates, and reduced felt life. Some oxidizers also contribute to the formation of halogenated organic compounds. When used for biofilm control, strong oxidizers can cause more problems than they remedy. A patented biocide that effectively controls biofilm without the adverse side effects associated with strong oxidizing biocides is available from Hercules. $Spectrum^{(R)}$ XD3899 Ammonium Bromide Technology, which can be described as a mild oxidizer, is currently used on more than 300 machines globally and has resulted in numerous production and/or machine efficiency records since its introduction in 2001.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2009

Pneumonia remains the leading cause of mortality in children. Diagnosis depends on a combination of factors, including clinical assessment, radiological and laboratory findings. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most important cause of childhood bacterial pneumonia, the great majority of cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are of viral etiology. A new, rapid, and inexpensive test that differentiates viral from bacterial pneumonia is needed to decide empiric antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics effective against the expected bacterial pathogens should be instituted where necessary. The role of emerging pathogens and the effect of pneumococcal resistance and heptavalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccines are to be considered in practice. There are reports supporting the valid and highly efficacious use of penicillin as a first-line drug for treating CAP. This review raises the issue of the overuse of unnecessary antibiotics in viral CAPs and the use of second or third-line antibiotics for non-complicated pneumonias in most clinical settings.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.525-533
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• 2002

It is common to install multiple lines in the same route. Recently, excessive sheath circulating current was partially measured in underground cable systems of KEPCO. Especially, the installation type, unbalance section length between joint boxes and zero sequence current by distribution cable have an effect on the rising of sheath circulating current in the underground transmission system. If excessive current flows in sheath, sheath loss which is reduced the transmission capacity is produced. This paper describes the relation analysis of sheath circulating current and burying types. And also, a detailed analysis on rising cause and characteristic of sheath circulating current by considering various unbalanced conditions presents using analysis and measurement regarding cable systems which have the problem of excessive sheath circulation current.