• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand general perception of utilizing whale resources and preference for implementing whale watching tourism. This article examines perception of whale resources and identifies preferred types of the whale watching program in the feasibility of a whale watching tourism. And also analyzing the causal effect between perception of the whale resources and intention for participating in regarding the types of whale watching tourism. The results of this study showed that there are high interest in protecting and preserving of whale resources and low intention to resume the operation of commercial whale hunting. For utilizing of whale resources, we need to consider developing whale watching tour as ecotourism. The interest and watching for whale resources have a high level of relation with participating intention in whale tourism. Participation of whale tourism will be induced by developing new types of whale tourism to meet the interests for whale resources, This approach is hoped by authors to provide useful data for implementation of whale tour program and establishing improvement plan of whale tourism.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-61
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• 1990

Human exposure to environmental carcinogens can be detected by a number of methods including immunoassay, $^{32}P$-postlabeling assay, and fluorescence technique. These assays have been applied to measure biological markers of carcinogen-adducts formed with macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and protein. In an attempt to investigate causal relation ships between carcinogen exposure and tumor formation, specific carcinogen-adducts have been quantitated from human tissues and body fluids of cancer patients, occupational workers heavily exposed to certain carcinogens, smokers and controls. Carcinogens studied for biological human monitoring include benzo(a)pyrene, aflatoxin B1, UV light, ethylene oxide, 8-methoxypsoralen, 4-aminobiphenyl, vinyl chloride, N-nitrosamine, cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic agents. Relevance of human monitoring for cancer research, progress in this field, methods to detect carcinogen-adducts are reviewed here. It is hoped that these approaches will be used for the risk assessment of carcinogen exposure, cancer etiology study and cancer prevention in humans.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.169-184
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to analyze urban housewives' home management behavioral patterns focusing on the morphostatic and morphogenic in continuum, to estimate the level of their family life satisfaction and to determine the variables affecting family life satisfaction. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The tendency is that the wives have controlled in value orientation, and home management behavioral patterns are neutral, and they are somewhat satisfied in terms of family life satisfaction. 2. As for the causal variables, marriage duration, the number of children education, employment status of wives, and value orientation influence on home management behavioural patterns. 3. The variables which affect family life satisfaction significantly are number of children, wives' education level, family income, employment status of wives and value orientation. 4. In analyzing relation between wives' home management behavioual patterns and their family life satisfaction, those who prefer morphostatic patterns have higer level of life satisfaction. 5. From the path analysis, it was found that monthly family income, employment status of wives, wives' educationn level, and value orientation had positive effects on family life satisfaction, and home management behavioral patterns had negative effects on family life satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.157-171
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was (1) to assess the level of financial management and financial goal attainment on housing purchase and children's educational expenditure, (2) to identify individual, family and environment variables which influence financial goal attainment, and (3) to investigate causal relation of variables which affect financial goal attainment. Data were collected from questionnaire with 772 married women who were residents of Jeonju. The major finding were as follows; (1) The levels of financial management and financial goal attainment on housing purchase and children's educational expenditure were middle. (2) The variables which exerted direct effects on financial goal attainment on housing purchase were time orientation of consumption life, asset, income stability, easiness in extending credit, financial planning, and financial implementing. the most powerful predictor of financial goal attainment on housing purchase was asset. (30 The variables which exerted direct effects on financial goal attainment on children's educational expenditure were time orientation of consumption life, asset, children's presence on the camp8us, easiness I extending credit, financial planning, and financial implementing. The most powerful predictor of financial goal attainment on children's educational expenditure was financial planning.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 1999

In this paper, we implemented an authoring system in which it's easy and flexible for user to author multimedia documents. It can be characterized by the following properties. First, it provides a visual interface for easy multimedia authorings and presentations and defines a causal relation that can manage changes of media duration. Second, it provides an internal representation using tree and thus supports an effective document parsing. It also supports a presentation engine for effective presentations and user interactions in run-time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.293-303
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to review causal effect of corporate image, customer royalty on switching cost. Specifically, giving managerial view point to build strategic CRM is major purpose of this research with finding out how the switching cost influences to the corporate image and customer loyalty deciding customer's desire of repurchase and knowing the important factors of corporate image. The result of this study is that switching cost has an effect on corporate image as the important factors. Also corporate image influences on customer loyalty.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-72
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• 1990

This study investigated the effects of macrostructure on discourse processing. In this study, three different story were employed to form macrostructures on different times, and reading time, sentence verification time and free recall rate were measured as dependent vari- ables. The results showed that forming the macrostructure influenced the reading and verification times and the recall rate. The results were interpreted to indicate that the macrostructure is important to comprehend and recall the stories, and that the story grammars, hierarchies of story schema and causal relation of sentences affect the comprehension and recall through their interaction in macrostructure.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.61-66
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• 2018

인과관계 추출이란 어떠한 문장에서 인과관계가 존재하는지, 인과관계가 존재한다면 원인과 결과의 위치까지 분석하는 것을 말한다. 하지만 인과관계 관련 연구는 그 수가 적기 때문에 말뭉치의 수 또한 적으며, 기존의 말뭉치가 존재하더라도 인과관계의 특성상 새로운 도메인에 적용할 때마다 데이터를 다시 구축해야 하는 문제가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 도메인 특화에 따른 데이터 구축비용 문제를 최소화하면서 새로운 도메인에서 인과관계 모델을 잘 구축할 수 있는 통계 기반 모델을 이용한 인과관계 데이터 확장 방법과 도메인에 특화되지 않은 일반적인 언어자질과 인과관계에 특화된 자질을 심층 학습 기반 모델에 적용함으로써 성능 향상을 보인다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.665-670
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• 1999

This paper introduces a fuzzy expert systems for fault diagnosis, where the causal relationships between faults and protective devices are defined as fuzzy relations. The uncertainties existing in the fault diagnosis are figured out using the possibility theory and the possibility measure is associated with the fuzzy relation to evaluate the possibilities of faults. Besides, the knowledge base in the expert system is described and explained. In this way, multiple-fault can be handled easily and simultaneously together with single faults.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.32B no.12
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• pp.1687-1696
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• 1995

An integrated fault diagnosis system for heterogeneous manufacturing environments is developed. This system has a contrast with existing diagnosis systems in the respect that they are mostly for diagnosing faults on individual machines. In addition to the usual (e.g., audio, electrical) diagnostic signals, the characteristics of products from the machines are considered as the unifying diagnostic parameters among heterogeneous machines in the diagnosis. The system is composed of a knowledge representation scheme and a diagnostic query processing mechanism. Its knowledge representation scheme allows the diagnostic knowledges from heterogeneous unit diagnostic systems to be uniformly expressed in terms of the causal relations among relevant data items. It is flexible in the sense that causes for one relation can be effects for another may be reflected on our knowledge representation scheme. The diagnosis mechanism is based on a probabilistic inferencing method. This probablistic diagnosis mechanism provides more general diagnosis than existing ones in that it accommodates multiple causes and takes complication among causes into account. These scheme and mechanism are applied to a typical example to demonstrate how our system works.