• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2018

본 연구는 티모시 건초와 농후 사료 위주의 사료를 급여한 한우 씨수소 정소상체 정자 체외수정 효율 조사를 통해 정자의 활용 가능성을 조사하였다. 농후 사료는 체중의 1.8%를 급여하고 양질의 티모시 건초를 자유채식 시킨 14개월령 거세우의 정소에서 분리된 정소상체 미부의 정자를 회수하고 동결 흉해 후 체외수정을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 웅성전핵과 자성전핵이 형성(2PN)된 난자는 정상수정으로, 1개의 전핵(1PN), Expanded Sperm Head (ESH), Polyspermy 형태는 비정상적인 수정의 형태로 평가하였다. 정상적으로 수정된 난자의 비율은 정소상체 정자의 경우 전체 침투율은 49.7% 그리고 정상적인 2PN을 가진 난자는 18.5%를 보였으며, 대조구 정자의 전체 침투율은 54.4%로서 정소상체 정자 보다 높은 결과를 보였으나 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 정상적으로 2PN을 형성한 비율은 36.7%로서 정소상체 정자를 이용한 정자 보다 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 체외수정 후 발달률 조사에서 정소상체 정자의 분할률은 81.2%, 대조구 정자는 82.7%로 유사한 결과를 보였으나, 배반포 발달률은 정소상체 정자 24.4%와 대조구 정자 12.2%로 정소상체 정자를 사용한 난자의 발달에서는 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05).

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2009

An attempt has been made to assess whether the dose dependent effect of benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on the morphological changes in the cauda epididymal spermatozoa and sperm parameters in male albino rats. Scanning Electron Microscope observations illustrate the disturbance in plasma membrane as well as acrosomal membrane. Most of the sperms appear morphologically abnormal in the mid region of the tail; there is formation of balloon like cytoplasmic droplet. Sperm parametric study exhibits decrease in the total sperm count, sperm motility, forward velocity and increase in the percentage of abnormal sperms in dose dependent manner on treatment benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves. The results suggest that the effects may have resulted from a general disturbance in the proteins and alteration in cauda epididymal milieu probably due to androgen deficiency consequent upon antiandrogenic property of Ocimum sanctum leaves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.791-796
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• 2014

Cryopreservation of epididymal sperm is an effective technique to preserve genetic materials of domestic cats and wild felids when they unexpectedly die. However, this technique inevitably causes detrimental changes of cryopreserved-thawed spermatozoa, for example, by physical damage and excessive oxidative stress. L-carnitine is an antioxidant that has been used to improve sperm motility in humans and domestic animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-carnitine on cat epididymal sperm quality following cryopreservation and thawing. After routine castration, cauda epididymides were collected from 60 cat testes. The epididymal spermatozoa from 3 cauda epididymides were pooled as 1 replicate. Spermatozoa samples (16 replicates) were examined for spermatozoa quality and then randomly divided into 4 groups: 0 mM L-carnitine (control), 12.5 mM, 25 mM and 50 mM L-carnitine. The sperm aliquots were then equilibrated and conventionally frozen. After thawing, sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, DNA integrity and acrosome integrity were evaluated. The 25 mM L-carnitine significantly improved sperm motility compared with a control group (p<0.05), although this was not significantly different among other concentrations. In conclusion, supplementation of 25 mM L-carnitine in freezing extender improves cauda epididymal spermatozoa motility. The effects of L-carnitine on the levels of oxidative stress during freezing and thawing remains to be examined.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2000

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of goat milk and fermented goat milk on reproductive function and stamina of male rodent. Methods: Experiment I: Male ICR mouse was divided into four groups. Group 1 none-treated control; Group 2 received saline; Group 3 received cow milk 10 ml/kg per day for 15 days; Group 4 received goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 15 days. The cauda epididymal sperm motility and testicular sperm production were investigated. Experiment II: Male SD rat was divided into three groups. Group 1 received saline; Group 2 received goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 28 days; Group 3 received fermented goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 28 days. The cauda epididymal sperm motility and testicular sperm production were also investigated. The concentration of testosterone in serum at 1 and 3 weeks after treatment was determined using Immulite 2000 kit. Testes, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle were weighed. Experiment III: Male ICR mouse was divided into four groups. Group 1 none-treated control; Group 2 received saline; Group 3 received goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 4 weeks; Group 4 received fermented goat milk 10 ml/kg per day for 4 weeks. After treatment, the mouse was forced to swim to test for stamina. Results: In Experiment I, the cauda epididymal sperm motility after in vitro culture for 1 or 3 h was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cow milk and goat milk than in the control and saline. There was no significant difference in the cauda epidymal sperm motility between cow and goat milk. The testicular spermatid number was significantly (p<0.01) higher in goat milk (222.8${\times}10^6$) than in the control (108.6), saline (98.2), and cow milk (118.2). In Experiment II, the cauda epididymal sperm motility after in vitro culture for 1 h was significantly (p<0.05) higher in fermented goat milk than in saline and goat milk. There was no significant difference in the cauda epidymal sperm motility between saline and goat milk but goat milk showed slightly higher sperm motility than saline. After in vitro culture for 3 h, the cauda epididymal sperm motility was significantly (p<0.01) higher in fermented goat milk and goat milk than in saline. The testicular spermatid number was significantly (p<0.05) higher in goat milk than in saline, and significantly (p<0.01) higher in fermented goat milk than in saline. And the serum testosterone levels of rats administered with goat milk or fermented goat milk were increased but were no significant difference among three groups. Also the prostate weight was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the goat and fermented goat milk. In Experiment III, the swimming time in the goat milk and fermented goat milk groups was significantly (p<0.01) longer than in the control and saline. There was no significant difference in the swimming time between goat and fermented goat milk but the fermented goat milk showed slightly longer swimming time than the goat milk. Conclusion: The cauda epididymal sperm motility, the testicular spermatid number and stamina were improved when the mice and rats were drunk with goat milk or fermented goat milk.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2018

In this study, two epididymal spermatozoa recovery methods in relation to sperm number, motility, viability and acrosome reaction were examined. Seven bulls were castrated and 7 testicles with epididymides were transferred to the laboratoy. Epididymis in each bull was randomly used for flushing and mincing methods with semen extender (Optixcell, IMV, France). The recovered spermatozoa with adjusted sperm concentration to $40{\times}10^6cells/mL$ was diluted with optixcell and cryopreserved. In experiment 1, the difference in the total number of spermatozoa using flushing and mincing methods was insignificant (2570.0 and $2505.2{\times}10^6cells/mL$, respectively). For experiment 2, the percentage of motile spermatozoa and motility parameters between flushing and mincing methods were studied through the use of sperm class analyzer after frozen-thawing. The percentage of total motile sperm between flushing and mincing methods was almost the same with $89.5{\pm}12.8$ and $91.4{\pm}7.9%$, respectively. The same is the case with experiment 3 wherein the viability and acrosomal integrity of frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa by flushing and mincing was insignificantly different. The results from the study showed that both flushing and mincing methods can be used for epididymal spermatozoa recovery in bull.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1999

본 연구는 Hamster 정소상체 정자의 운동성에 영향을 미치는 methylxanthine derivatives 의 효과를 알아보고자 수행하였다 . Pentoxifylline 을 첨가하였을 때 운동 형태에 대한 첨가효과는 정소상체 체부에서 차이를 보였으며, 농도에 대한 변화는 1 mM 농도군에서 현저한 차이를 나타냈다. 2-Deoxya-denosine 첨가군에서도 pentoxifylline 첨가군과 같이 특히 VCL 이 정소상체 체부 정자부터 증가하였으며 다른 농도군에 비해 1 mM 과 2 mM 에서 차이가 났다. Hypoxanthine 첨가군은 1 mM 농도에서 다른 첨가군에 비해 운동 형태가 증가하였다. 그러나 pentoxifylline 과 adenosine 첨가군과는 달리 농도를 달리하여도 뚜렷한 운동형태의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. VCL 과 VAP 는 pentoxifylline 1 mM 과 2-Deoxyadenosine 1 mM 첨가군에서 정소상체 체부 정자의 운동성이 증가하고 hypoxanthine 1 mM 첨가군도 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론적으로 hamster 정소상체 정자의 운동성은 적정한 농도의 methylxanthine derivatives 의 첨가로 증가됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.514-522
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• 1995

생쥐 정자의 수정능력 획득과정 및 첨체반응을 전후로 정자표면과 albumin의 상호작용을 조사하였다. 부정소 정자를 체외에서 배양하는 과정에서 정자표면에서 이탈된 단백질의 분석과 함께 FITC-bovine serum albumin으로 정자를 형광염색하여 정자표면에 대한 albumin의 결합양상의 변화를 조사하였다. 90분간 정자를 배양한 수 정자를 제거한 후 농축한 배양액내에 정자 또는 부정소액에서 기원한 여러종의 단백질가 함께 albumin이 다량으로 발견되었다 정자의 체외배양 과정에서 일어나는 albumin의 이탈은 배양액내의 $Ca^2$+과 무관하게 일어났다. BSA-FITC는 정소내 정자의 두부표면에 미약하게 결합한 반면 미부부정소 정자의 첨체표면에는 다량 결합하였다. $Ca^2$+-ionophore인 A23187으로 첨체반응을 유발한 정자의 두부 표면에서는 후첨체부위만이 강하게 염색되었다. 이러한 결과는 정소 및 웅성 생식수관니에서 정자표면에 부착된 albumin이 자성 생식수관을 거치는 동안 이탈됨을 시사하며 이러한 현상은 정자의 수정능력획득과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1196-1202
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• 2001

In boar spermatozoa, the head-to-head agglutinability changes in parallel with the development of the fertilizing ability. Namely, both abilities gradually increase in the distal caput and corpus epididymides, but are subsequently suppressed in the cauda epididymidis. It has been postulated that these changes of the agglutinability are controlled via sperm interaction with specific epididymal plasma factors including agglutination mediators (agglutinins) and inhibitors (anti-agglutinins). Expression of these abilities (sperm agglutination and capacitation) is hardly observed in spermatozoa immediately. after ejaculation, but it occurs during incubation in a capacitation medium. Recently, we have purified and characterized epididymal plasma anti-agglutinin for boar spermatozoa. Moreover, we have conducted a series of experiments to reveal biological significance and mechanism of the head-to-head agglutination and have accumulated data indicating that boar sperm agglutination is mediated by capacitation-supporting factors including calcium, bicarbonate and sterol acceptors. This review introduces our recent data and discusses a possible mechanism for suppression of the agglutinability in the distal epididymidis and relationship between agglutinability and fertilizing ability.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2007

Monocrotophos was administered orally to adult male albino mice at dose level of 3.0 mg/kg body weight/day/mice for 50 days. The treatment has found to affect spermatogenesis as well as the endocrine functions of the testis as indicated by gravimetric, histopathological and biochemical changes. The treatment has caused degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells of the testis and regression of the epididymis, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, prostate, Cowper's gland and levator ani. Similarly, cauda epididymal sperm count and sperm motility have shown significant reduction. There was a significant reduction in the protein, glycogen, sialic acid, acid and alkaline phosphatase and increase in cholesterol in the testis of monocrotophos treated mice compared with the control. The causative factors for these changes due to monocrotophos administration were discussed.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 1990

생쥐의 정자가 부정소에서 성숙하는 동안 Phosphatase 활성도의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 효소의 활성도는 Ernst(1975)의 방법을 변용하여 측정하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 부정소으 두부내 정자와 미부내 정자으 단백질 함량은 각각 59.1 $\pm$8.4(mg/10 9 sperm), 14.0$\pm$12.3(mg/10 9 sperm)으로 나타났다. 기본 반응액에서 나타난 두부내 정자의 효소 활성도를 100%로 할 때, 미부내 정자의 활성도는 ALPase가 29.2%, ALPase가 44.9% 그리고 ALPase가 53.8%였으며, 초음파로 정자를 분쇄하였을 경우에 ALPase는 16.5%, ALPase는 33.3% 그리고 ALPase는 38.7%였다. 따라서 미부내 정자의 phoshatase 활성도는 두부내 정자에 비하여 현저히 감소하였다. 그리고 부정소의 미부내 정자에서 K+ -dependent ALPase와 ALPase의 활성도는 두부내 정자에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며, 초음파로 정자를 분쇄하였을 때 $Ca^2$+ -dependent phoshatase의 활성도는 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 생쥐의 정자가 부정소에서 성숙하는 동안 phoshatase의 활성도가 감소하는 것은 성숙과정에서 정자가 수정능력을 획득하는 데 어떤 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.