• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2023

Objective: Recently, indigenous Korean grass Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (SQ) has garnered much interest as a roughage source for livestock to mitigate its adverse effects on habitat diversity. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation, palatability, and nutrient digestibility of SQ for Korean native beef cattle (Hanwoo) using in vitro rumen fermentation, in situ rumen degradability, and in vivo feeding trials. Methods: Using in vitro tests with rumen fluid as the inoculum for 48 h, ruminal fermentation of SQ was evaluated and compared with that of other roughage sources commonly used in Korea (i.e., rice straw, Timothy hay, and Italian ryegrass [IRG]). Additionally, an in situ trial 96 h was performed using three cannulated Hanwoo steers. Further, an in vivo trial was performed using eight Hanwoo steers to compare the palatability of SQ with rice straw in total mixed ration (TMR) and forage-concentrate separate feeding conditions. Finally, an in vivo digestibility trial of SQ fed as TMR of two particle sizes was performed with four Hanwoo steers. Results: In vitro and in situ trials revealed that SQ was comparable or superior to rice straw in terms of the ruminal fermentation characteristics of pH, gas production, total volatile fatty acid content, and effective ruminal dry matter digestibility (DMD), although its fermentability was lower than that of Timothy hay and IRG. In the palatability test, steers showed a greater preference for SQ when given as TMR. The total tract DMD of SQ fed as TMR was 75.9%±1.37%, and it did not differ by particle size. Conclusion: The feed value of SQ as a roughage source for Hanwoo steers is comparable or superior to that of rice straw, particularly when provided as TMR.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to determine agronomic characteristics, nutritive value and yield (DM, CP) of Winter Rye as affected by different slurry application on the basis of N contents respectively and was arranged as a randomized complete block design with seven treatments (chemical fertilizer 160kg Nha, cattle sluny 160 . 320 480kg Nha, swine slurry 160 . 320 480kg Nha) and conducted at National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, in Suweon 6om Sep. 1996. to Apr. 1997. The results obtained are summarized as follows : Plant height and leaf length was influenced by slurry application, was orderly ranked cattle sluny 480kg N1 ha > chemical fertilizer 160kg Nha > swine slurry 480kg Nha. Tiller number was increased with cattle slurry application, especilly, the effect of cattle slurry 480kg Nha was obvious but plot of swine slurry tended not to be regular. Crude protein content of rye increased as slurry application level was increased (p< 0.05), but not significant difference was found ADF and NDF content of rye. RFV(Re1ative Feed Value) of rye as affected by slurry application was classified as Grade 2 in all treatments at harvest, according to the forage quality standard assigned by AFGC. Dry matter yield was shown fiom 4,006 kgha to 8,037 kgha as affected by cattle slurry application, in the case of swine slurry application was shown ffom 4,594 kgha to 6,230 kgha (p< 0.05).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.537-542
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• 2011

Biological or physiological genes that regulate metabolism and energy partitioning have the potential to influence economically important traits such as carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) functions as a central appetite stimulator and plays a major role in feed intake and energy-balance control. Therefore, the NPY gene is an excellent biological and physiological candidate gene for body weight, feeding, fatness or growth related traits in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NPY gene and to evaluate the association of NPY SNP markers with carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle. The genomic region (711 bp) including intron 2 of NPY gene was amplified and sequenced, and five SNPs, g.4389 Del(C), g.4371Del(C), g.4271T>C, g.1899A>G and g.1517A>C, were identified. The PCR-RFLP method was then developed to genotype the individuals examined. The g.4271T>C SNP was significantly associated with M. Longissimus dori area (LDA) value (p<0.027). Animals with the TT ($78.144{\pm}0.950\;cm^2$) genotype had higher LDA than those with the CC ($72.266{\pm}2.039\;cm^2$), and animals with TC genotype showed intermediate value. This SNP genotype also showed a highly significant additive genetic effect for the LDA (p<0.01). No significant associations, however, was detected between any of the SNP genotype and other carcass traits measured in this study. In conclusion, SNP genotype of the NPY gene may be used as DNA markers to select animals that have a higher meat yield.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.275-278
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• 2019

Blindness was observed in five calves born from cattle fed only a commercial feed of growing stage and dried rice straws for about two years in a farm in Gyeongsangbuk-do province. Three of them died within a month after birth, and a body and sera of his mother and other 19 cattle were submitted for diagnosis. At necropsy, the calf was very weak and filled with cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebrum. Any histopathological lesion including atrophy of death of optic nerve cells was not observed, but the irregular proliferation such as lace pattern of choroidal cells and lymphocytic infiltration just below choroid was observed. No pathogen was detected as a result of the etiological tests on the internal organs of calves and bloods. In addition, the levels of serum vitamin A in different affected and his mother cattle were all lower than normal. Finally, we determined this case as an encephalopathy caused by maternal vitamin A deficiency in a calf. This report is an extreme example of how important it is to supply adequate s diets and a good quality of hay for each stage of growth in cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1990

Nutritional status of cattle in Java in Indonesia was investigated by evaluating P, Ca, Mg, K and Na concentrations in forage and plasma inorganic phosphorus (Pi), Ca and Mg, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations of cattle during both rainy and dry seasons in 1988. Investigations were conducted at Jonggol (West Java), Malang (East Java) and Majokerto (East Java). Low P content in forage averaging 0.11% on a dry matter basis, high Ca:P ratio in forage in the rainy season (7.7:1) and low plasma Pi concentrations averaging 4.71 mg/dl were observed in Jonggol. In all three places, Ca content in forages was higher than the requirement according to the NRC standard and plasma Ca concentrations were above the critical level. During the rainy season forty percent of cattle in Malang and Mahokerto showed plasma Mg concentrations below 2mg/dl in spite of normal Mg and K content in forage. Forage samples from each place showed a wide variety in Na content, and Na content of two thirds of forage samples was lower than the requirement according to the NRC standard. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations in Malang and Majokerto showed higher values than the normal range.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2005

This survey was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in Korean indigenous cattle that was representative livestock raised in Jeongeup province Jeonbuk Korea. A total of 1,162 sera were tested for N caninum antibodies using ELISA (Herdcheck anti-Neospora. IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, Maine USA). $15(1.3\%)$ sera were positive by ELISA. A total of 290 farms were tested. $11(3.8\%)$ farms were positive. Among the seroprevalence of cattle according to the areas, 8 of 44 counties were infected N caninum. Sero-positive 11 farms of N caninum antibodies using ELISA test and 62 of 301 sera $(20.6\%)$ were infected to N caninum. We found that cattle be raised in Jeongeup province was slightly infected to N caninum. It seems to be infected of N caninum an early stage. but the positive rates was variable that it was $6\%\~62\%$. It was supposed to the highest positive rate of 3 farms had some factors to be infected. The factors were supposed to keep dogs yearly, located the base of hills, and almost feed with imported dried grass. Farmers suppose to the cause of abortion was not the neosporosis but also broke out an accident or was infected Brucella spp. The results of Brucella Rose Bengal Test (RBT) were all negative.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1064-1075
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• 2021

Recently, a high level of dietary crude protein (CP) has become of interest as a possible practice to improve the carcass quality of beef cattle, and its level has been increasing in the field. However, there is little scientific evidence that supports this. This study was conducted to test whether a high dietary CP level would improve growth performance, body metabolism, and carcass traits in Hanwoo beef cattle. A total of 32 Hanwoo finishing beef cattle (18 multiparous cows, six heifers, and eight steers) participated in a 12-weeks feeding trial. Two kinds of total mixed rations were prepared to contain two different CP; 156 g/kg for the control (CON) and 173 g/kg of CP for the treatment (HCP), while maintaining a similar level of metabolizable energy. The experiment was ended when more than half of the steers reached the target body weight (730 kg). Blood was collected at the end of the experiment. After harvesting, the carcass trait was evaluated at the slaughterhouse according to Korean standards. The carcass yield score and grade were also calculated based on revised criteria. Overall, dry matter intake, average daily gain, blood metabolites concentration, and the carcass traits, except for backfat thickness and the yield score, did not differ between the treatments. The HCP had lower backfat thickness than those of CON. There was no difference in the carcass yield grade, but the yield score was higher in the HCP treatment. According to the newly revised carcass grading criteria, both yield score and grade were higher in HCP than in CON. Increasing CP supply decreased the carcass's backfat thickness without altering growth performance and body metabolism, resulting in improved yield score and grade. Therefore, feeding a high CP diet may be beneficial in the farm income, although it may also increase feed cost and nitrogen excretion to the environment.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2006

본 실험은 유휴 논토양에 톨페스큐를 재배하였을 때, 액상구비를 물로 희석하거나 희석하지 않고 시기를 다르게 시용하여 계절별 및 연간 건물수량과 사료가치를 조사하고 화학비료 시비에 따른 건물수량과 사료가치도 비교하여 액상구비의 적정 시용 시기와 희석수준을 결정하고자 실시되었으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 액상구비를 물로 희석하거나 희석하지 않고 시용하였을 때 연간 건물수량이 ha당 각각 $5.50{\sim}7.71$톤(평균 6.43ton DM/ha)과 $5.84{\sim}7.38$톤(평균 6.56ton DM/ha)으로 무시비구의 ha당 3.82톤 보다 유의하게 높은 건물수량을 나타내었는데(Table 2, p<0.05), 이러한 경향은 봄철에 시용한 구에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 2. 인산과 칼리 시용구와 인산과 칼리 및 질소를 시용한 구에서는 각각 연간 건물수량이ha당 6.12톤과 10.13톤으로 무시비구보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그러나 인산과 칼리 시용구의 연간 건물수량은 액상구비 시용구의 평균 연간 건물수량보다도 낮았다. 3. 화학비료구에서 무기태 질소의 건물생산효율은 연평균 26.7kg DM/kg N이었으며, 예취 시기별로 보면 2번초>1번초>3번초 순으로 낮아졌지만 액상구비 질소의 연간 건물생산효율은 무 희석구와 희석구가 각각 18.3과 17.4kg DM/kg N를 나타내었고 2번초에서 가장 높았다. 한편 무기태 질소 대비 액상구비 질소의 건물생산효율은 무희석구와 희석구가 각각 68.5와 65.2%에 도달하였다. 4. 톨페스큐의 연간 평균 조단백질 함량은 무시비구가 11.5%로 화학비료구보다도 유의하게 높았으나 액상구비 희석 시용구($12.4{\sim}12.6%$)보다는 유의하게 낮았다(p<.0.05). 한편 톨페스큐의 연 평균 NDF와 ADF 함량은 무시비구(각각 64.1과 37.2%)가 모든 처리구보다 유의하게 낮았지만, 무시비구의 RFV(87.0)는 모든 처리구 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 5. 액상구비 시용과 희석시용으로 톨페스큐의 연간 조단백질 수량과 가소화 양분수량은 무시비구 및 인산과 칼리를 시용한 구보다 유의하게 높았는데(p<0.05), 이러한 경향은 이른 봄에 액상구비를 시용한 구에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

본 실험에서는 2008년부터 2010년까지 월동 작물로 재배되는 청보리와 호밀에 화학비료, 유기질비료 및 가축분뇨의 시용 그리고 콩과작물의 혼파재배가 작물의 생산성과 사료가치에 주는 효과를 토양의 지력향상과 함께 양질의 조사료를 확보하여 단위면적당 한우 사육 능력을 높일 수 있는 방법을 찾아내고자 무비구, 화학비료 PK시비구, 화학비료 NPK 시비구, 유기질비료 시용구, 액상우분뇨 시용구, 액상우분뇨 시용에 헤어리벳치 혼파구 및 액상우분뇨 시용에 청예완두 혼파구 등 7처리 3반복 난괴법으로 배치하여 실험이 실시되었다. 청보리의 연간 건물과 가소화양분총량 (TDN) 수량은 화학비료 NPK 시비구 (각각 6.14와 3.97 ton/ha)가 가장 높았으나 (p<0.05), 유기질 비료구 (각각 5.24와 3.37 ton/ha), 액상우분뇨 (각각 5.53과 3.63 ton/ha) 및 콩과 혼파구 (각각 5.00~5.15와 3.32~3.33 ton/ha)와 유의적 차이는 나지 않았다. 청보리의 TDN과 RFV는 액상우분뇨 시용에 청예완두 혼파구가 가장 높았다 (p<0.05). 청보리를 급여 시 한우 암소는 유기질비료, 액상우분뇨 혹은 액상우분뇨 시용에 두과작물 혼파구가 연간 ha당 평균 2.5~2.9두를 사육할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 호밀의 연간 건물, 조단백질 및 TDN 수량은 유기질비료, 액상우분뇨 혹은 액상우분뇨 시용에 두과작물 혼파한 구가 ha 당 각각 6.69~7.13, 0.46~0.51 및 3.95~4.18 ton으로 나타남으로써, 호밀을 급여할 경우 암소는 연간 ha 당 평균 3.1~3.3두 규모의 사육능력이 추정된다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 건물생산성만을 고려해서 화본과 작물을 단파로 재배하는 것보다는 가축의 기호성과 품질의 개선효과까지 고려하여 두과작물 등을 혼파 재배하고 가축분뇨를 시용함으로써 단위면적당 수량과 사료 가치를 높일 수 있으며 한우사양 시에는 단백질 공급원으로 이용되는 수입 곡류 등을 대체하는 효과까지도 기대할 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.389-394
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• 1993

A study on housing and management of dairy cows was conducted in three villages. All activities of husbandry related to the housing and the condition of the cows were observed and farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire. The main type of housing was a tie stall mostly in the back yard area with a gable or shed type roof. Inside the shed the temperature ranged from 17 to $29^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity ranged from 62 to 73%. Drainage and manure handling was poor which lead to poor cleanliness of the stables and animal skins. The floor space was mostly wide and the roof level was low (less than 2.5 m). The slope of the floor (1-3%) was sufficient, the roughness of the floor was of medium quality. The shape and size of the feed trough was good with a surface of mostly irregular forms. Concentrate was mixed with water and offered in liquid form in pails made from plastic or from parts of rubber car tires. Hoof length was too long which could lead to unstable position and self injury. It is concluded that the housing conditions of dairy cattle need to be improved in order to improve the condition of the animals and the production performance.