• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.307-315
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• 1999

Four organic polymers were mixed with mothmorillonite. Two cationic polymers a hi로 molecular weight polyacrylamide (494C) and a low molecular weight polymer (587C).Two anionic polymers include a high molecular weight polymer (aerotil). Each clay supension series were allowed to stand for 24 hours and were centrifuged, and the clay plugs were washed and dried. The dried samples investigated by XRD, IR and CEC measurement. The suspended clay containing anionic polymers was not flocculated at any concentratuons of polymer. But the suspendions containing two cationic polymers were rapidly flocculated at almost all concentrations. the d(001) spacings of Na-montmorillonite after being with cationic polymer 587C show about 15$\AA$ suggesting the polymers may have entered the interlayer spaces. The polymer 494C-treated sample produced double peaks of about 12 and 15$\AA$ in XRD. It indicates that the high molecular weight polymer. And cationic polymer 494C may be adsorbed mainy on the outside surface of clay, and some polymers may peretrate into olny interlayers in the margin of montmorillonite particles because of its high molecular weught. CEC of polumer 587-treated sample was reduecd mmarkedly suggesting polymer blocks CEC sites. The d(001) spacings of Ca-montmorillonite after being treated with cationic polymers show about 15$\AA$ suggesting that the interlayer spaces have not been expanded. In the experiment using a dilute Ca-bearing solution, the suspended caly containinf anionic polymers was flocculated. The results indicate that the flocculation behavior of montmorillonite-polymer supension depends on not only polymer properties such as concentration, electric charge and molecular weight but also compositions of solvent.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

It is essential to use base papers having proper surface characteristics in coating operation for improving coated paper quality and coater runnability. To fulfill these purposes, surface sizing of coating base stock with oxidized starch is commonly practiced. Use of cationic starch for surface sizing improves coated paper quality since cationic starch penetrates less into paper structure. The immediate objective of this study was to examine the influence of surface sizing with starch solutions containing cationic polymers on the rheology of coating colors and the effect on physical properties of coated papers. Changes of rheological characteristics of coating colors placed on the plastic substrate surface sized with cationic and anionic starch were determined. Results of rheological test showed that cationic polymer surface sizing agent increased electrostatic interaction with coating colors and increased storage modulus. This new technology of using cationic polymer as surface sizing additive was considered to be advantageous for base papers at low basis weights since it would improve the coverage and optical properties of coated papers.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2004

Synthetic organic polyelectrolytes can be used to condition sludges to enhance their dewaterability. Intermittent aerobic digestion is an useful digestion technology and has many advantages like neutral pH, low installation cost and easiness to operation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the dewaterability of intemittent aerobic digestion sludge and to find the relationship between dewaterability and particle size distribution change under the conditioning of intermittent aerobic digestion sludge by cationic polyelectrolyte. Digested sludge from intermittent aerobic digestion was used and cationic polyacrylamide polymer was added as a conditioner. CST(capillary suction time), TTF(time-to-filtration) were tested as a dewaterability index and the number of particle distribution was analyzed using particle size analyzer. The results indicate that cationic polyelectrolytes is useful to enhance dewaterability of intermittent aerobic digestion sludge. Mean particle diameter was increased as polymer dosage increased and its value was reached up to 100 mm on the condition of optimal cationic polymer dosage. CST and TTF are well correlated with mean particle diameter when the weighting order is 1.7. By the optimal conditioning with cationic polymer, particles in the filtrate are also reduced significantly and this means that conditioning is helpful to main stream by reducing SS loading from return flow.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.2016-2022
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• 2013

Ionically modified ${\beta}$-cyclodextrins, which have excellent water-solubility, have been interested in purification technology as well as drug carrier system. The present study summarizes the synthesis and characterization of cationic and anionic ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CyD) products using by polycondensation. The oligo (${\beta}$-CyD)s are synthesized from ${\beta}$-CyD, epichlorohydrin (EP) and choline chloride (CC; for cationic polymer) or chloroacetic acid (CAA; for anionic polymer) through one step polycondenstaion process. Unlike the previous studies, we successfully purified the ionic ${\beta}$-CyD condensation products from the ${\beta}$-CyD reaction mixtures and accomplished a great level of structural analysis. The detailed structural analysis of these ionic ${\beta}$-CyD compounds is done by $^1H$ NMR, MALDI-TOF as well as GPC analysis and confirms the formation of oligomers with a few units of ${\beta}$-CyD. We found that the sequence of reactant addition also could effect on the molecular weight of the resulting product as well as the molar ratio of the reactants. Finally, we used the cationic and anionic ${\beta}$-CyD oligomers for fabricating multilayer films by layer-layer process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.3593-3596
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• 2012

The water-soluble conjugated polymer with fluorescence quenching as a result of electrostatic interaction and aggregation was synthesized through Suzuki polymerization. The absorption and emission of anionic polymer (a-PFP) is blue shifted as compared with cationic polymer (c-PFP) although getting same backbone, and the absolute PL quantum efficiency of a-PFP in water is over 90% due to good solubility in aqueous solution. We anticipate that the fluorescence quenching of anionic and cationic polymers, with same conjugated backbone, could be shown in aqueous solution.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.502-508
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• 2004

Cationic liposomes for cancer treatment have been developed in the field of chemotharpy. It was well combined on the surface of anionic tumor cell membrane by electrostatic interaction. Thus, the object of this study was to prepare the cationic liposomes capable of forming an ionic complex with the anionic cell membrane. To prepare the cationic liposomes, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE) as a cationic lipid material and polyethylenimine (PEI) as a cationic polymer were synthesized. Ionic property on the surface of liposomes was determined by the zeta potential. The adsorption characteristics of plasma protein for liposome in bovine serum were determined by the particle size and turbidity change. To estimate the stability of liposome in buffered solution, the change of particle size was measured at room temperature for seven days. The cationic liposomes were absorbed a large amount of plasma protein in bovine serum because plasma protein having anionic charge was fixed on the surface of cationic liposomes. This result indicate that the modification on the surface of liposomes using cationic polyethylenimine enhances the protein adsorption in bovine serum. Additionaly, cationic liposomes showed good stability in buffered solution for seven days.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2187-2192
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• 2012

This study presents a facile way synthesizing disc-like lipid bilyaer nanostructures with a cationic amphiphilic polyelectrolyte. The cationic amphiphilic polyelectrolyte was in a form of partially quarternized copolymer and was synthesized with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and stearyl methacrylate. At some concentration ranges of the polymer, the addition of the polymer to lipid components during the preparation of bilayer nanostructures resulted in discs with a fairly high yield (~99%). The mechanism for the formation of the nanostructures was discussed based on the physical properties of these nanostructures and by comparing the nanostructures obtained with an anionic amphiphilic polyelectrolyte.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.206-209
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• 2001

One of the approaches to obtain functional polymer is polymerization of a monomer having two functional groups. Although polymerization of a monomer having two different types of functional group is general, the author has been interested in the polymerization of a monomer having two similar types of functional group. This work shows the preparation and selective polymerization of 4-methylene-2-styryl-1,3-dioxolane having two similar reactive double bonds via cationic polymerization at ambient temperature. Cationic ring-opening polymerization of 4-methylene-2-styryl-1,3-dioxolane using benzylsulfonium salt as a photo-initiator quantitatively afforded high molecular weight of poly(keto-ether).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2010

In this study, cationic guar polymer was selected from many cationic polymers currently using in shampoo and then was newly developed having 0.7 % above of nitrogen content and 190~200 cps of viscosity through various performance measurements. Wet combing ability, polymer substantivity, silicone deposition and panel test were evaluated for performance measurements. Cationic guar polymer that was invented from this study can optimize conditioning effects in shampoo.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 1996

To develop oral controlled release dosage forms, ionic interactions between polymers and drugs were evaluated. Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and carboxymethylene were used as model nonionic and ionic polymers, respectively. 5-fluorouracil, propranolol-HCl and sodium salicylate were selected as model nonionic, cationic and anionic, respectively. Polymer-drug mixtures were compressed into tablets and drug release kinetics from these tablets were determined. Drug release from the tablets made of the nonionic polymer was not affected by the charge of drugs, rather, was regulated by the solubility of drugs in different pH releasing media. However, drug release kinetics were significantly affected when drug-polymer ionic interactions exist. Enhanced drug release was observed from anionic drug-anionic polymer tablets due to ionic repulsion, whereas drug release was retarded in cationic drug-anionic polymer tablets owing to ionic attractive force. Therefore, the results suggested that the polymer-drug interactions are important factors in designing controlled release dosage forms.