• Korean Linguistics
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• v.65
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• pp.211-236
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate categorical characteristics of 'mak' and their discourse functions through analyzed the prosodic features of 'mak'. The previous studies of 'mak' focused on grammatical or semantic characteristics, but this study focuses on the prosodic features of 'mak' based on speech data. As a result, adverb 'mak' and discourse marker 'mak' are distinguished from prosodic boundary, duration, pause and sort of number tonal patterns. Functions of discourse marker 'mak' is as follows: Maintenance of utterance, Attention, Delay, Expression negative manner. These functions have salient prosodic features related to their functions. Consequently prosodic features are important to analyze categorical characteristics and to establish functions of 'mak'.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.325-331
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• 2010

Categorical perception has been noted as characteristic properties of linguistic stimuli. In this study, Korean monosyllabic minimal pairs (consonant-vowel-consonant, CVC) were analyzed to understand perception boundaries between clinically confusing words. An efficient scheme has been developed to systematically synthesize temporal transition waveforms (11 steps) from one word to the target word for the pairs of /gom/-/gong/, /non/-/noon/, and /don/-/non/. The corresponding slopes, widths, and non-dominant factors of perception boundaries were analyzed for the total of 40 young normal subjects (20 males and 20 females). Results showed that there were relative pattern differences among confusing monosyllabic minimal pairs under categorical perception. For instance, the vowel difference within CVC pairs led to the lowest boundary performance in this experiment set. Data also indicated the potential application of the overall procedure for evaluating auditory functions and assisting rehabilitation programs.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.81
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• pp.267-297
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• 2018

Vowel raising in Korean has been primarily treated as a phonological, categorical change. This study aims to show how the Korean connective suffix {-go} is realized in various environments, and propose a principle of vowel raising based on both acoustic and perceptual data. To that end, we used a corpus of spoken Korean to analyze the types of syntactic constructions, the realization of prosodic boundaries (IP and PP), and the types of boundary tone associated with {-go}. It was found that the vowel tends to be raised most frequently in utterance-final position, while in utterance-medial position the vowel was raised more when the syntactic and prosodic distance between {-go} and the following constituent was smaller. The results for boundary tone also showed a correlation between vowel raising and the discourse function of the boundary tone. In conclusion, we propose that vowel raising is not simply an optional phenomenon, but rather a type of phonetic reduction related to the comprehension of the following constituent.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.123-127
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose spatial prediction model for landslide hazard mapping that can account for the fuzziness of boundaries in thematic maps showing the different environmental impacts, depending on the scales and the resolutions of them. The fuzziness or uncertainty of boundary is represented in favourability function based on fuzzy object concept and the effects of them are quantitatively evaluated with the help of cross validation procedures. To illustrate the proposed schemes, a case study from Boeun, Korea was carried out. As a result, the proposed schemes are helpful to account for intrinsic uncertainties in categorical maps and can be effectively adopted in spatial prediction models for other purposes.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV) has been widely accepted and used for international classification of mental disorder. The DSM has been changed to improve diagnostic reliability and validity through descriptive and categorical approaches which was undertaken atheoretically. The authors reviewed current studies about the DSM-IV classification system and the diagnostic issues of representative categories of anxiety disorder. The authors concluded that the anxiety disorder classification system in DSM-IV has limitations such as a lack of empirical consideration for overlapping features of anxiety disorders and a lack of discriminant validity. To improve diagnostic validity and revise the current DSM-IV classification system, the authors suggested 1) more longitudinal studies for collecting empirical evidence, 2) decreasing the dependence upon operational criteria, 3) deceasing diagnostic boundary blurring, 4) developing disease specific biological diagnostic techniques and 5) continued collaboration between the DSM and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) systems.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

This paper investigated Korean prosody as it relates to graded internal structure in an identification function. Within Korean prosody, variants regarded as dialectal variations can appear as different prosodic scales, which contain the range of within-category variations. The current experiment was intended to show how the prosodic scale corresponding to the range of within-category differences relates to f0 contours for speakers of two Korean dialects, North Kyungsang and South Cholla. In an identification task, participants responded by selecting an item from two answer choices. The probability of choosing the correct response from the two choices was computed by a logistic regression analysis using intercepts and slopes. That is, the correct response between two choices was used to show a linear line with an s-shape presentation. In this paper, to investigate the graded internal structure of labeling, 25%, 50%, and 75% of predicted probability were assessed. Listeners from North Kyungsang showed progressive variations, whereas listeners from South Cholla revealed random patterns in the internal structure of the identification function. In this paper, the results were plotted using scatterplot graphs, applying the range of within-category variation and predicted probability obtained from the logistic regression analyses. The scatterplot graphs showed the different degree of the responses for f0 scales (i.e., variations within categories). The results demonstrate that the gradient structures of native pitch accent users become more progressive in response to f0 scales.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.177-187
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• 1999

Up to date, in many application fields of GSIS, we usually have used vector-based spatial overlay or grid-based spatial algebra for extraction and analysis of spatial data. But, because these methods are based on traditional crisp set, concept which is used these methods. shows that many kinds of spatial data are partitioned with sharp boundary. That is not agree with spatial distribution pattern of data in the real world. Therefore, it has a error that a region or object is restricted within only one attribution (One-Entity-one-value). In this study, for improving previous methods that deal with spatial data based on crisp set, we are suggested to apply into spatial overlay process the concept of fuzzy set which is good for expressing the boundary vagueness or ambiguity of spatial data. two methods be given. First method is a fuzzy interval partition by fuzzy subsets in case of spatially continuous data, and second method is fuzzy boundary set applied on categorical data. with a case study to get a land suitability map for the development site selection of new town, we compared results between Boolean analysis method and fuzzy spatial overlay method. And as a result, we could find out that suitability map using fuzzy spatial overlay method provide more reasonable information about development site of new town, and is more adequate type in the aspect of presentation.

• Atmosphere
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-139
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• 2006

Precipitation forecasts from MM5 have been verified for the period 1989-2001 over Yeongdong region to show a tendency of model forecast. We select 57 events which are related with the heavy snowfall in Yeongdong region. They are classified into three precipitation types; mountain type, cold-coastal type, and warm type. The threat score (TS), the probability of detection (POD), and the false-alarm rate (FAR) are computed for categorical verification and the mean squared error (MSE) is also computed for scalar accuracy measures. In the case of POD, warm, mountain, and cold-coastal precipitation type are 0.71, 0.69, and 0.55 in turn, respectively. In aspect of quantitative verification, mountain and cold-coastal type are relatively well matched between forecasts and observations, while for warm type MM5 tends to overestimate precipitation. There are 12 events for the POD below 0.2, mountain, cold-coastal, warm type are 2, 7, 3 events, respectively. Most of their precipitation are distributed over the East Sea nearby Yeongdong region. These events are also shown when there are no or very weak easterlies in the lower troposphere. Even in the case that we use high resolution sea surface temperature (about 18 km) for the boundary condition, there are not much changes in the wind direction to compare that with low resolution sea surface temperature (about 100 km).

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.627-641
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• 2012

We consider a model estimation and model selection methods for the multi-way contingency table data with non-response or missing values. We also consider hierarchical Bayesian model in order to handle a boundary solution problem that can happen in the maximum likelihood estimation under non-ignorable non-response model and we deal with a model selection method to find the best model for the data. We utilized Bayes factors to handle model selection problem under Bayesian approach. We applied proposed method to the pre-election survey for the 2004 Korean National Assembly race. As a result, we got the non-ignorable non-response model was favored and the variable of voting intention was most suitable.