• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.40
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• pp.5-27
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• 2010

The Korean Mask-Dance Theatre has been developed closely related to Korean Shaman rituals. As many scholars noticed, the performers of the Mask-Dance Theatre were closely related to the Shaman family. In addition, there are mask-dance performances in actual shaman rituals. and are the representative performances among them. This essay intends to compare these two mask-dance performances in the shaman rituals to the similar performance of Old Grandpa and Grandma episode in the regional Mask-Dance Theatre. This study would bring us further in proving the close relation between the shaman ritual and the Mask-Dance Theatre. is one episode, Keori, in the shaman ritual of 'Baeyeonsin-kut' and 'Taedong-kut' in the mid-west seashore area. 'Taedong-kut' is the village shaman ritual for fertility and prosperity, while 'Baeyeonsin-kut' is a private shaman ritual for a large catch of the ship. is held in the later part of the whole shaman ritual since the later part tend to be more for entertainment than actual ritual. The story of is very similar that of in Pongsan Mask-Dance Theatre of the mid-west region. In addition, some of their dialogues are very similar. Only the later part is different. These similarities indicate that the Mask-Dance Theatre, which came into being in later period than the shaman ritual, has likely taken the story motif of the shaman ritual. is also a performance in the shaman ritual of east coasts. is more elaborate and recreational than of the west coasts. is also performed near the end of the ritual, and sometimes it is not performed at all. This indicates that has little ritual meaning left. When we compare it with the regional Mask-Dance Theatres such as Keosung Okwangdae, Tongyong Okwangdae, and Suyong Yaryu, the structure and the story lines are also very similar. It is a question why only the motif of the Grandpa and Grandma isfound both in the shaman ritual and the Mask-Dance Theatre. Many other motifs of other episodes in the Mask-Dance Theatre are not found in the shaman rituals. It seems that the Grandpa and Grandma motif is related to the ur-belief in fertility. In other words, this motif seems to be originated from the old belief in the fertility couple of Chonha Taechanggun and Jiha Yeochanggun. The shaman ritual for fertility first picked up this motif, and then the mask-dance theatre also adapted this motif for its recreational purpose. When we compare with , still has more aspects of fertility ritual, while lost its ritualistic meaning and its main purpose is to develop dramatic needs. and are invaluable existent performances to prove theatre's origin in ritual. The existence of mask-dance performances in the shaman rituals shows us the transit performance between theatre and ritual.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.403-410
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• 2018

Lifestyle of adolescents cause a lot of health effects in the future. Therefore, in Korea, school health law was enacted and relevant business such as school education program is being carried out. This study was conducted to recognize symptom according to grade. A survey of youth health status was conducted at 19 middle and high schools in Seongnam city from May 2015 to December 2015. The survey made up of 14 questions which was about the health status satisfaction on the adolescent was conducted to investigate frequency by year and the respective health status of 6 grades. A total of 9,584 students responded to the survey, 58.22% answered that they were not free of constipation. 25.69% of respondents had no symptoms of headache, consequently over 70% of respondents had headache. 57.06% of respondents had no symptoms of low back pain and 34.7% had no symptoms of neck & shoulder pain, therefore over 50% of respondents had muscular skeletal symptoms. In menstrual history, only 17.95% of respondents said their period was regular and painless. In respiratory history, except cold, no nasal drop & obstruction has appeared in the group of 54.02%. And 62.97% of respondents had persistent cough usually with cold and 23.41% had cough with cold breeze even if not catch cold. In the third grade of high school students, there were many complaints of pain in various parts such as headache, back pain and shoulder pain, neck pain and menstrual pain, and there was a high rate of complaints of digestive system symptom and defecation symptom. More than half of respondent had constipation discomfort, headache and musculo-skeletal symptoms, menstrual problems and cough. In the third grade of high school students, the rate of complaints of pain complaints, digestive system symptoms, and bowel symptoms was high. Therefore, there is a need for measures and management for continuous health care and health promotion in accordance with students' symptoms and age at each grade level.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.303-329
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• 2019

Intestinal failure (IF) is the critical reduction of the gut mass or its function below the minimum needed to absorb nutrients and fluids required for adequate growth in children. Severe IF requires parenteral nutrition (PN). Pediatric IF is most commonly due to congenital or neonatal intestinal diseases or malformations divided into 3 groups: 1) reduced intestinal length and consequently reduced absorptive surface, such as in short bowel syndrome (SBS) or extensive aganglionosis; 2) abnormal development of the intestinal mucosa such as congenital diseases of enterocyte development; 3) extensive motility dysfunction such as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndromes. The leading cause of IF in childhood is the SBS. In clinical practice the degree of IF may be indirectly measured by the level of PN required for normal or catch up growth. Other indicators such as serum citrulline have not proven to be highly reliable prognostic factors in children. The last decades have allowed the development of highly sophisticated nutrient solutions consisting of optimal combinations of macronutrients and micronutrients as well as guidelines, promoting PN as a safe and efficient feeding technique. However, IF that requires long-term PN may be associated with various complications including infections, growth failure, metabolic disorders, and bone disease. IF Associated Liver Disease may be a limiting factor. However, changes in the global management of IF pediatric patients, especially since the setup of intestinal rehabilitation centres did change the prognosis thus limiting "nutritional failure" which is considered as a major indication for intestinal transplantation (ITx) or combined liver-ITx.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.459-468
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• 2018

Deep-sea fishing vessel No. 501 Oryong was fully flooded through its openings and sank to the bottom of the Bering Sea. The tragic accident was attributed to rough sea weather after a fishing operation in the Bering Sea, and led to the death or loss of many crewmen. In this study, the ship stability calculation was carried out using KST-SHIP (ship calculation system of KST), considering the free surface effect and fish catch arrangement according to the progress of its sinking accident, and stability after flooding was analyzed. The calculation results obtained using KST-SHIP were verified by comparing them to intact stability calculation sheet of the accident ship under the full load departure condition, and intact stability according to displacement from the departure of accident ship up to the moment of the accident was calculated and analyzed. The stability after flooding was also calculated and analyzed according to the progress during its sinking accident.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.331-359
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• 2009

We forecast the performance of the Korean biotechnology industry by adopting similar development paths taken by the U.S. biotechnology and Korean ICT industries. Our long-term forecasting techniques predict that Korean BT market size will increase from 3.7 billion to 10.8 billion U.S. dollars by year 2030. The pharmaceutical industry, one of major bio-subindustries, is expected to dominate Korean BT market in the long-run. Also, the relative portion of the exports in the Korean BT industry will be larger and thus the export-oriented government policy is required for the long-run growth of the Korean BT industry. Since the Korean ICT industry has already slowed down in the development, Korean BT industry is likely to catch up with ICT industry in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.15
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• pp.355-387
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to decide Korean translation and the copying period of "Korean Translation of " and to look all around their characteristics in different versions carefully until now. The "Korean Translation" is a collection of Korean-translated romance and love stories excavated by a professor Kim,Il Geun, and there is not a little meaning in the context of novel history in the point of view of 'Korean translation of a court possession'. Arranging conclusion of the study generally, it is as follows. (1) Considering phonological phenomena, grammar and vocabulary in the study of Korean language, it is presumed that they would be translated into Korean and copied between the regime period of the King Sukjong and the regime period of the King Yungjo in the Joseon Dynasty. For, they were composed of a middle declaration of copied 'Myeoknambon "Korean Translation of Taepyeonggwanggi(태평광기)"' and 'NakseonJaebon(낙선재본)' between the middle of the 17th century and the middle of the 18th century and the regime period of the King Jeongjo in the Joseon Dynasty appointed as the background period of the novels should be excepted. Consequently, through the Korean Translation, we can confirm that the novel scope between the 17th century and the 18th century in Korean novel history was widened until 'The Royal Court' and 'Women'. (2) In the side of vocabulary, the "Korean Translation" also has not a little meaning in the side of a collection translated in the Royal Court. It doesn't have new vocabularies, but partial vocabularies as '(Traces:痕)' '(Clean eyes:明眸)', ' (Sail:帆)', '(Get up:起)', '글이플(Weak grass:弱草)', '쇼록(Owl:? 梟 or 鴉?)', '이 사라심(This life:此生)', and '노혀오매(Look for:訪)' are good data in the study of Korean language. (3) The "Korean Translation" is a valuable data about translation and copying of a court novel and we can discover intentionally changed parts and partially omitted sentences rather in the than in the . There are differences between a translation book and a copying book and we can catch sight of intention of translation and unsettledness of copying in the second work. Therefore, we can know that the "Korean Translation" has a double context which one work is translated and a work in different version is derived, compared to a simple copy. (4) The "Korean Translation" has a close relation with "Hangoldong(閒汨董)", but it doesn't regard the same copy as a foundation. The basic copy of translation of the "Korean Translation" is a different version of the same line as "Hangoldong" and "Jeochobon(저초본:정명기 소장본)" and is more similar line to "Hangoldong", but it is also not the same basic copy. (5) Considering that the "Korean Translation" doesn't has a distinct relation with the "Hangoldong", there is no correlation between the "Korean Translation" and and the "Hangoldong" and . In addition, we could not discover a writer's identity between the two.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.287-297
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• 2021

The goal of this study is to investigate and provide information to the Fintech Industry on the main factors responsible for customer loyalty via the mediating effect of customer satisfaction. Secondly, providing traditional banking reasons for customer shifts from banking to Fintech, therefore these factors could be more focused. The consumer choices presented in this study can thus serve as a foundation for further research into post-adoption behaviors associated with Fintech for cross-border payments. This study examines consumer evaluations of how key attributes of fintech using mobile payment services affect their choice by using a conjoint analysis approach, which allows for the approximation of user preferences for specific features. In our study we have used SPSS 26 to test the reliability and mediation effect on the sample size of 348 people who regularly used Fintech for cross border payments. All the questionnaires were prepared if the customers were given fintech as an option instead of traditional banks to send their remittances abroad. The result shows that(Service Quality, Customer's trust and product quality) effecting customer satisfaction significantly would be very helpful for the current fintechs working for home remittances to improve these factors and would serve as a benchmark for the upcoming fintech startups and traditional banks to focus on these factors and catch up the fintech Industry. Finally, it is argued that, in order to be successful, focusing on service quality, customer trust, and product quality triggered customer loyalty for the Fintech in comparison to other traditional options for cross-border payments via the mediation effect of customer satisfaction.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-94
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• 2010

Even Faxian(法顯)'s Gaosengfaxianchuan (『高僧法顯傳』) and Iching(義淨)'s Nanhaijiguineifachuan (『南海寄歸內法傳』) are regarded as very important and useful documents to study the southeast asian buddhist culture, it is very difficult to grasp the contemporary state of those area because their descriptions are very brief and implicit. Therefore this essay aimed an in-depth reading their documents as original texts of modern understanding of those area, and tried to make a new views to approach the southeast asian buddhist culture by some more historically and concretely. At the early 5th century when Faxian(法顯) arrived, Buddhism was flourished in Sri Lanka. Because already a long time passed since the Saṇgha was schismatized into conservative and progressive at around the dominical year, he mentioned nothing about the conflict or disharmony of two orders. And the faith of Buddha tooth relic, which had been uprisen at 50 years ago from Faxian's visiting, was concretely established as a representative religion of Sri Lanka. According to his record, the carrying ritual of this Buddha tooth was performed very magnificently as similar with recent Korean Youngsan ceremony(靈山齋). In the mean time, it looks there were many sculptures of Buddha image made of precious stone of special product from Sri Lanka. The faith of Buddha-pāda(the Buddha's foot-prints) was also generalized at that time. The most famous monk of his contemporary Sir Lanka was Buddhaghosa, the author of Visuddhi-magga, but it is not sure that Faxian had met him. It can be suspected that the funeral in which Faxian participated could be belonged to him, or the Visuddhi-magga was writing at the peak during Faxian's staying. On the way to return to China, Faxian embarked an indigenous ship around Indonesia. It means there were no chinese trade ship which he can use. So the trade between china and southeast asia was advanced by south asian ships, and the chinese ships were not yet joined at that time so activity. And at least until that time, it looks there were no any remarkable buddhist movement in the southeast asian countries by where he stopped. In contrast, the southeast asian world which be seen by Iching had already experienced a lot of changes. He was impressed by the high quality buddhist culture of those area, and insisted to accept it to china. Further, he analyzed the sects of buddhism which were prevalent around the southeast asia in his contemporary time, and tried to make a good relationship with each native monks for learning from them. It looks the center of those exchanges may be Śrīvijaya of Indonesia. He also mentioned the situation of the late 7th century's Funan(扶南) in Cambodia. At that time, the buddhist Saṇgha was oppressed by newly rising Khmer(眞臘). On the other hand, he described the points of sameness and difference in detail between Indian and southeast asian buddhist culture in the field of ritual as like the practical use of garments, buddha images, and daily recited scriptures. There must be a lot of another aspects which this essay couldn't gather up or catch from these documents. Nevertheless, I hope this essay can help the researchers of this field and will wait for any advices and comments from them.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2023

Schedule delays present a major risk factor, as they can adversely affect construction projects, such as through increasing construction costs, claims from a client, and/or a decrease in construction quality due to trims to stages to catch up on lost time. Risk management has been conducted according to the importance and priority of schedule delay risk, but quantification of risk on the depth of schedule delay tends to be inadequate due to limitations in data collection. Therefore, this research used the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) language model to convert the contents of aconstruction log, which comprised unstructured data, into WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)-based structured data, and to form a model of classification and quantification of risk. A process was applied to eight highway construction sites, and 75 cases of rain schedule delay risk were obtained from 8 out of 39 detailed work kinds. Through a K-S test, a significant probability distribution was derived for fourkinds of work, and the risk impact was compared. The process presented in this study can be used to derive various schedule delay risks in construction projects and to quantify their depth.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.85-114
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze Russia-Central Asia relations since the launch of the EAEU in 2015 and forecast the future from a structural realism perspective. Bilateral relations have both elements of close cooperation and elements of conflict. Russia and Central Asia, which have the characteristics of an authoritarian alliance, also have a symbiotic relationship in which they have no choice but to cooperate with each other to maintain the regime. Based on this, Russia has made various efforts to reunify Central Asia. Central Asia also has no choice but to cooperate with Russia for its survival, but at the same time, it has expanded its scope of cooperation in the international community to avoid being subjugated to Russia again. However, as China's power expands, Russia's relative weakness, and wariness toward Russia increases after the Ukraine War, the gap in bilateral relations is widening. In particular, as China's influence grows, Russia's nervousness also increases. This is why Putin visits Central Asia and holds active summit talks even during the war in Ukraine. If competition between Russia and China surfaces, there is a high possibility that the international order in Central Asia will become unstable. However, it is still unlikely that the power of Russia and China will reverse in Central Asia. Above all, the security, historical, and cultural connections between Russia and Central Asia are areas that are difficult for China to catch up with. Therefore, a weakening of Russia's influence compared to the past is inevitable, but its superiority is expected to continue. If Russia breaks away from belligerence and transforms into an attractive cooperative partner, there is a possibility that bilateral relations will take an upward turn again. However, it seems unlikely that such changes and innovations will occur under the Putin regime. Therefore, the biggest obstacle to realizing Putin's goal of reunifying Central Asia is Putin himself.