• 청정기술
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2020

The biocompatibility and plasmonic properties of Au nanoparticles make them useful for photothermal therapy, drug delivery, imaging, and many other fields. This study demonstrated a novel, facile, economic, and green synthetic method to produce gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with spherical and triangular shapes were effectively synthesized using only Schisandra chenesis fruit extract as the capping and reducing agent. The shape of the AuNPs could be engineered simply by adjusting the molar concentration of HAuCl4 in the reaction mixture. The as-synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). This study revealed that by using the HAuCl4 concentration in the AuNP synthesis, the shape and size of the AuNPs could be controlled by the concentration of HAuCl4 and Schisandra chinensis fruit extract as a surfactant. The as-synthesized AuNPs samples had sufficient colloidal stability without noticeable aggregation and showed the predominant growth of the (111) plane of face-centered cubic gold during the crystal growth. The catalytic efficiency of the AuNPs synthesized using Schisandra chenesis fruit extract was examined by monitoring the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectroscopy). The synthesized AuNPs showed good catalytic activity to reduce 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, revealing their practical usefulness.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2022

The NOx removal performance of the SCR process depends on various factors such as catalytic factors (catalyst composition, shape, space velocity, etc.), temperature and flow rate distribution of the exhaust gas. Among them, the uniformity of the flow flowing into the catalyst bed plays the most important role. In this study, the flow characteristics in the SCR reactor in the design stage were simulated using a three-dimensional numerical analysis technique to confirm the uniformity of the airflow. Due to the limitation of the installation space, the shape of the inlet duct was compared with the two types of inlet duct shape because there were many curved sections of the inlet duct and the duct size margin was not large. The effect of inlet duct shape, guide vane or mixer installation, and venturi shape change on SCR reactor internal flow, airflow uniformity, and space utilization rate of ammonia concentration were studied. It was found that the uniformity of the airflow reaching the catalyst layer was greatly improved when an inlet duct with a shape that could suppress drift was applied and guide vanes were installed in the curved part of the inlet duct to properly distribute the process gas. In addition, the space utilization rate was greatly improved when the duct at the rear of the nozzle was applied as a venturi type rather than a mixer for uniform distribution of ammonia gas.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2017

LNT(Lean $NO_X$ Trap), LNC(Lean $NO_X$ Catalyst), SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction)과 같은 $NO_X$ 저감기술은 상용차뿐만이 아닌 승용차량 성능향상을 위해 지속적으로 개발이 진행되고 있다. 특히 Urea-SCR 시스템은 연료손실 없이 이론상 100%에 가깝게 $NO_X$를 저감하는 가장 효과적인 기술로 환원반응으로 배기가스를 $N_2$와 $H_2O$로 배출하기 위해 환원제인 요소수를 분사해야한다. 하지만 엔진에서와는 달리 실제차량에서의 적용은 SCR 효율이 떨어지게 된다. 따라서 실제차량에서의 SCR 효율을 극대화하는 기술 개발이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는, Post EURO-6 배기가스 규제에 대응하기 위한 디젤승용차량에서의 Urea-SCR의 $NO_X$ 저감 성능에 의한 저감효율의 극대화를 목적으로 실차용 Urea-SCR 시스템 위한 기초자료로 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

The Effect of Space Velocity(SV) on NOx conversion rate was performed to develop NOx reduction after-treatment system. SV is calculated from engine exhaust gas volume and SCR catalyst volume. Found the Urea injection duty of maximum efficiency for NOx conversion if increase SV, NOx Conversion rate is down. Especially, when SV is more than $110,000h^{-1}$, NOx conversion rate decrease suddenly. Same case, if SV is lower than $40,000h^{-1}$, NOx conversion rate is down. Also, the characterization of Urea-SCR system was performed. Three candidate injectors for injecting Urea were tested in terms of 속 injection rate and NOx reduction rate. The performances of SCR catalytic converter on temperature were investigated. The performance of Urea-SCR system was estimated in the NEDC test cycle with and without EGR. It was found that nozzle type injector had high NOx conversion rate. SCR catalytic converter had the highest efficiency at the temperature of $350^{\circ}C$. EGR+Urea-SCR system achieved NOx reduction efficiency of 73% through the NEDC test cycle.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.788-795
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• 2006

From the view of the environmental protection against the use of fossil fuels, the great of efforts have been exerted to find an effective method which is not only pollutant reduction but also high thermal efficiency. Reburning is a useful technology in reducing nitric oxide through injection of a secondary hydrocarbon fuel. In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the hybrid effects of reburning and selective non-catalytic reaction (SNCR) on $NO_x/CO$ reduction from oxygen-enriched LPG flame. Experiments were performed in flames stabilized by a co-flow swirl burner, which was mounted at the bottom of the furnace. Tests were conducted using LPG gas as main fuel and also as reburn fuel. The paper reported data on flue gas emissions, temperature distribution in furnace and various heat fluxes at the wall for a wide range of experimental conditions. Overall temperature in the furnace, heat fluxes to the wall and $NO_x$ generation were observed to increase by oxygen-enriched combustion, but due to its hybrid effects of reburning and SNCR, $NOx/CO$ concentration in the downstream has considerably decreased.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.755-760
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• 1999

To remove nitrogen oxides(NOx) in exhaust gas of diesel engine three-way catalytic process with plasma discharger has great possibilities. Characteristics of NOx removal depends on NO conver-sion to $NO_2$ and /or $HNO_3$ due to high activation energies for NO oxidation and reduction, NOx removal efficiency by using three-way catalytic with plasma discharger indicated about 50% at 40watt power consumption condition.

• Carbon letters
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2014

People have been concerned about mercury emissions for decades because of the extreme toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation of methyl Hg transformed from emitted Hg. This paper presents an overview of research related to mercury control technology and identifies areas requiring additional research and development. It critically reviews measured mercury emissions progress in the development of promising control technologies. This review provides useful information to scientists and engineers in this field.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.451-463
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• 2004

The performance of disk-type catalytic filters impregnated by TiO$_2$ or TiO$_2$-3Al$_2$O$_3$ㆍ 2SiO$_2$ supports and V$_2$O$_{5}$ catalyst was evaluated for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia as a reductant. XRD, FT -IR, BET and SEM were used to characterize the catalytic filters prepared in this work. Optimal V$_2$O$_{5}$ loading and reaction temperature for V$_2$O$_{5}$/TiO$_2$ catalytic filters were 3-6 wt.% and 350-40$0^{\circ}C$ at GHSV 14,300 $hr^{-1}$ in the presence of oxygen, respectively. With increasing the V$_2$O$_{5}$ loading from 0.5 to 6 wt%, NO conversion increased from 24 to 96% at 40$0^{\circ}C$ and 14.300$hr^{-1}$, and maintained at 80% over in the V$_2$O$_{5}$ loading range of 3-6 wt.% and then dropped at V$_2$O$_{5}$ loading of 7wt.% over. In comparing V$_2$O$_{5}$/ TiO$_2$ and V$_2$O$_{5}$/ TiO$_2$-3Al$_2$O$_3$ㆍ2SiO$_2$ catalytic fillers, which have same 3wt.% V$_2$O$_{5}$ loading, the V$_2$O$_{5}$/ TiO$_2$-3A1$_2$O$_3$ㆍ2SiO$_2$ catalytic filter showed higher activity than V$_2$O$_{5}$/ TiO$_2$ catalytic filter, but higher differential pressure drops owing to its low air permeability. low air permeability.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2016

2016년부터 배출통제지역(ECA : Emission Control Atea)을 운항하는 선박에 대하여 배출되는 NOx(질소산화물) 및 SOx(황산화물)의 배기량 감소규제가 강화되었다. 상기의 규제 물질 중 NOx를 제거하는 탈질장비 중 선택적 촉매 환원(SCR : Selectivity Catalytic Reduction) 시스템은 효율이 높고 상업적으로 많이 활용되고 있으나, 높은 온도에서 요소수가 활성화되는 단점이 있다. 이에 초미세기포를 이용하여 낮은 온도에서도 반응할 수 있는 요소수 및 요소수 활성화 기기를 개발하여 상기의 문제점들을 최소화 할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 SCR 시스템의 효율성을 향상시키는 방안을 마련하기 위하여, ANSYS-CFX package를 이용한 전산유체역학(CFD : Computational fluid dynamics)기법을 사용하였다. Navier-Stokes 방정식을 해석의 지배방정식으로 적용하여 SCR 시스템의 점성유동해석 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. SCR 시스템의 형상은 CATIA V5를 사용하여 3D 모델링을 하였고, SCR 시스템의 효율성을 비교하기 위해 요소수 분사 노즐의 위치를 요소수 분사 노즐은 배기관의 입구로부터 1/3, 1/2, 2/3로 변경하며 확인하였다. 또한, 노즐의 분사구 수가 SCR 시스템의 효율에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 분사구 수가 4, 6, 8개일 경우를 시뮬레이션 하여 비교 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 배기관 입구에 가까울수록, 분사구 수가 많을수록 효율이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.372-381
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 $Ni/Al_2O_3$ 촉매를 사용한 에틸렌글리콜의 수증기 개질반응에서 제조 방법에 따른 영향을 알아보았다. 촉매들은 건식 함침법, 습식 함침법 그리고 공침법을 사용하여 제조하였다. 공침법을 사용하여 촉매 제조시 침전제를 KOH, $K_2CO_3$, $NH_4OH$를 각각 사용하여 침전제에 따른 영향 또한 알아보았다. 제조한 촉매들은 질소 물리흡착, 유도결합 플라즈마 질량분석법(ICP-AES), X선 회절법(XRD), 수소 승온 환원법(TPR), 수소 화학흡착, 승온 산화법(TPO), 주사전자현미경(SEM), 열분석법(TGA)을 사용하여 촉매의 물리화학적인 특성을 분석하였다. 773 K에서 환원한 촉매의 경우 KOH 혹은 $K_2CO_3$를 침전제로 사용하여 공침법으로 제조한 촉매가 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 촉매 제조 방법은 Ni의 입자크기, Ni 산화물의 환원도, 반응에서의 활성과 안정성, 반응 중 탄소 침적의 형태 등에 영향을 끼치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. KOH를 침전제로 사용하여 공침법으로 제조한 촉매의 경우 환원온도를 773~1173 K까지 증가시켰을 때, Ni 입자크기의 증가에도 불구하고 Ni 산화물의 환원도가 증가하므로 반응활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.