• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5961-5964
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer in Kazakhstan and its Kyzylorda oblast is the most prevalent cancer in women and features increasing trends of incidence. The aim of study was to reveal risk factors for breast cancer among women of Kyzylorda oblast of Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Kyzylorda oblast Oncology Center, including 114 cases of breast cancer and 196 controls. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Social and behavioral risk factors for breast cancer were evaluated, among which unfavorable living conditions, chronic stress, unilateral breastfeeding, breastfeeding less than 3 months and over 2 years, abortions, and hereditary predisposition were found to be related with increased breast cancer risk. Breastfeeding for 6-24 months was found to be protective. Conclusions: The findings may have significant impact on activity planning aimed towards breast cancer reduction among women in Kazakhstan.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.374-378
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• 2014

PID control method usually has problems of overshoot and oscillation in high order control system, therefore, it is important to improve the control method so as to reduce the overshoot and oscillation. Based on MATLAB simulation, a permanent magnet (PM) DC servomotor control system is studied in this paper. The motor is modeled according to the universal motor theory, and with the help of the fourth order Ronge-Kutta method, its speed control is simulated and compared between two different dual closed-loops PWM control methods. This case study helps undergraduate students to better understand theories related to electrical engineering, such as electrical machinery, power electronics and control theory, as well as digital solution of state equations.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.203-213
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• 2015

Purpose: Deficits in lower-extremity function and trunk control ability have a negative impact on individuals with hemiplegia. This case report aimed to describe the effect of trunk stability exercises using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on trunk control ability, balance, and gait in a patient with hemiplegia. Methods: A 77-year-old man with hemiplegia and trunk and lower extremity impairment participated in this four-week training intervention. Results: The patient demonstrated improvements in trunk control ability, balance, and gait performance. Outcome measures (Fugl-Meyer Assessment Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Trunk Control Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, 10 Meter Walk test) were measured before and after the training program. Conclusion: The results of this case suggest that a trunk stability exercise using a PNF program may improve trunk control ability, balance, and gait in a patient with hemiplegia.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.2 s.40
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• pp.121-129
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• 2006

Rule-based Expert system using Fuzzy technique inferences various rules by user's input condition and the most proper control signal. This system can lose objectivity by input condition which depends on user's decision. This paper can solve those problems by adding case-based system's technique. The traffic signal control expert system is proposed to store the cases based on the statistics, days, seasons and various circumstances and use them.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2013

Purpose: Febrile seizures (FS) are seizures that occur between the age of 6 and 60 months, but its pathophysiology still is not fully understood. There is limited information about the correlation between levels of selenium and leptin with FS. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum levels of selenium and leptin in children with FS. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in a University Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran, in 2011. The serum levels of selenium and leptin of 25 children with simple febrile seizure (case group) were compared with 25 febrile children without seizure (control group) in acute phase and after three months. The levels of serum selenium and leptin were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, respectively. Results: In acute phase, the mean serum level of selenium in case and control groups were $95.88{\pm}42.55$ and $113.25{\pm}54.43{\mu}g/dL$, respectively, and difference was not significant (P=0.415), but after three months, this level had a significant increase in both groups (P<0.001). In acute phase, the mean serum leptin level in case and control groups were $0.94{\pm}0.5$ and $0.98{\pm}0.84$ ng/mL, respectively, but difference was not significant (P=0.405). After three months, serum leptin level had no significant change in both groups (P=0.882). Conclusion: These observations suggest that serum levels of selenium and leptin have not specific relation with FS but overllay is lower, however, further study is recommended. Also selenium level in stress and acute phase was significantly lower than recovery phase.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.896-902
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• 2004

The purpose of the study of multi-robot system is to realize multi-robot system easy for the control of robot system in case robot is adapted in the complicated environment of task structure. The purpose of the study of multi-robot system is to realize multi-robot system easy for the control of robot system in case robot is adapted in the complicated environment of task structure. To make real time control possible by making effective use of recognized information in this dynamic environment, suitable distribution of tasks should be made in consideration of function and role of each performing robots. In this paper, IHMA (Intelligent Hybrid Modular Architecture) of Intelligent combined control architecture which utilizes the merits of deliberative and reactive controllers will be suggested and its efficiency will be evaluated through the adaptation of control architecture to representative multi-robot system.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to examine the differences between normal vocal technique and abnormal vocal technique because of diseases in respiratory system(emphysema). The breath control for vocalizing with diaphragmatic respiration must be sustained clearly. But if there is an abnormality in lung(emphysema), it is not sustained to hold diaphragmatic respiration when we sing. In order to examine the differences of the width in diaphragmatic respiration among professional singer's case, non professional case and the case of respiratory disturbance, Shimadzu X-ray remote control TV system was used. The results obtained were summerized as follows: When we vocalize, breath control is very important not only to sustain a resonance but also to form focus for being scattered to cranial resonance. We must know the differences between normal and abnormal diaphrogmatic respiration in order to teach vocal technique right. professional singer's vocal technique with Piaphragmatic respiration was better than that compared with non professional case and respiratory disturbance. Non professional case was very similar to the case of respiratory disturvance in diaphragmatic respiration until 10 sec. after full inhalation, but diaphragmatic respiration in the case of 20 sec. after full inhalation was very different.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

Objectives : In this study we examined the association between the genetic markers ACE (A-240T, C-93T, I/D, A2350G), AGT (M235T), AT1R (A1166C), CYP11B2 (T344C, V386A), REN (G2646A), ADRB2 (G46A, C79G, T47C, T1641), GNB3 (C825T) and ADD1 (G460W) and the presence of essential hypertension in adolescents. Methods : The Kangwha Study is an 18-year prospective study that is aimed at elucidating the determinants of the blood pressure level from childhood to early adulthood. For this study, we constructed a case-control dataset of size of 277 and 40 family trios data from the Kangwha Study. For this purpose, we perform a single locus-based case-control association study and a single locus-based TDT (transmission/disequilibrium test) study. Results : In the case-control study, the single locus-based association study indicated that the ADD1 (G460W) (p=0.0403), AGT (M235T) (p=0.0002), and REN (G2646A) (p=0.0101) markers were significantly associated with the risk of hypertension. These results were not confirmed on the TDT study. This study showed that genetic polymorphisms of the ADD1, AGT and REN genes might be related to the hypertension in Korean adolescents. Conclusions : This study provided useful information on genetics markers related to blood pressure. Further study will be needed to confirm the effect of the alpha adducin gene, the angiotensinogen gene and the renin gene on essential hypertension.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4677-4681
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• 2012

Objective: Egg consumption has been suggested to increase the risk of colorectal and some other cancers. The present study summarized and quantified the current evidence relating dietary intake of eggs and prostate cancer. Materials and methods: Literature searches were conducted to identify peer-reviewed manuscripts published up to July 2012. Twenty manuscripts from nine cohort studies and 11 case-control studies were identified. Summary risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for case-control and cohort studies separately. Results: Neither the case-control not the cohort studies showed any association of prostate cancer incidence with egg consumption (case-control studies: odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.86-1.31; cohort studies: relative risk 0.97, 95% CI 0.97-1.07). The results were consistent in subgroup analysis. Furthermore, no association was observed between egg consumption and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions: Our analyses provided no evidence of a significant influence of egg consumption on prostate cancer incidence and mortality. However, more studies, particularly large prospective studies, are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.237-245
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• 2000

In this paper we consider a logistic regression model based on two-stage case-control sampling and study the Weighted Exogeneous Sampling Maximum Likelihood(WESML) method to get an asymptotically normal estimates of the parameters in a logistic regression model. A numerical example is carried out to demonstrate the differences between the Conditional Maximum Likelihood(CML) estimates and the WESML estimates for two-stage case-control data.