• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2008

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from leakage of fossil fuels and incomplete combustion of organic materials have been considered as harmful contaminants in environments. This study evaluated the effect of benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), one of the PAHs, using the multiple biomarkers and applied the integration model with those biomarker responses. After 10 days of the exposure at the measured concentrations of BkF (6, 25, and 45 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), the changes of the four biomarkers, that is, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), DNA single-strand breaks (Comet), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and vitellogenin (VTG) in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were observed. The standardized values of four biomarker responses were computed and integrated as star plots, representing Integrated Biomarker Respnse (IBR) values. DNA damage was induced in a dose-dependent manner, and increased significantly compared with that in the control. EROD and VTG levels were significantly elevated at low concentrations of BkF. On the other hand, AChE activities were not altered by BkF. IBR values increased as the exposure concentrations increased. Thus, the metabolic, endocrine and genetic changes of the biomarker responses in the common carp exposed to BkF should be considered in the case of the ecological risk assessment of the BkF in fish and it can be used as a biomonitoring tool in aquatic ecosystems. In addition, star plots can be used as a useful analysis tool in multibiomarker integration approach.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.323-331
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• 2020

The method of natural spawning is very passive and inconvenient for the study of developmental engineering in marine medaka, Oryzias dancena. The optimum concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and carp pituitary extract (CPE) for ovulation and spawning, and the injection time for the artificial spawning of marine medaka were analyzed in this study. The success rate, survival rate, and hatching rate were highest with 100IU HCG kg^-1 BW and 5mg CPE L^-1 in both male and female marine medaka (p<0.05). After obtaining unfertilized eggs and sperm by the injection of HCG and CPE into the broodstock of marine medaka, artificial fertilization could be successfully achieved any time fertilized eggs are needed in this species. This result should be useful for developing a study program for marine medaka as an experimental animal.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2004

Interferons are kinds of cytokines that play an important role in antiviral defense mechanisms during viral infection by converting cells to synthesize proteins that inhibit viral replication. In the present study, an antiviral response against Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) was developed in common carp, Cyprinus carpio following stimulation with the potent interferon inducer, poly inosinic : cytidylic acid (poly I:C). Poly I:C injected fish showed lower cumulative mortalities against SVCV than untreated fish did. Moreover, in vitro study showed that head kidney leucocytes (HKLs) produced an interferon-like cytokine (ILC) after stimulation with poly I:C. According cytopathic effect reduction (CPER) assay to examine antiviral activity of crude ILC, the capacity of HKLs for ILC production was highest at 1×$10^6$cells/ml and significantly enhanced when treated with 20~50$\mu{g}$/ml of poly I:C. The optimal temperature and concentration of FBS to induce the highest ILC production were $20^\circ{C}$ and 5%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1984

The author carried out an experiment to find on the optomotor response of crusian carp, Carassius carassius and goldfish, Carassius auratus in accordance with the colors of the wall and the stripes labeled on the revolving visual screen. The results are as follows; 1. The optomotor response rate of crusian carp was 80% or more in case of B-Y, R-Bl and W-Bl pair of colors, and 50% or less in case of Bl-B, B-Bl, R-W, R-Y, W-Y and Y-W pair. 2. The optomotor response rate of goldfish was 80% or more in all except B-Bl, W-R and W-Y pair. 3. Mean round number of crusian carp was 7.5-9.5 revolutions in case of W-Bl, Y-Bl, W-B and Y-B pair, and 1.8-3.9 revolutions in case of Bl-B, Bl-Y, B-Bl, B-R, R-All and Y-W pair for 3 minutes. 4. Mean rounded number of goldfish was only 4.1-4.9 revolutions in case of W-Bl, W-B and Y-B pair for 3 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.790-795
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• 2014

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carotenoids sources on growth and skin color of red- and white-colored fancy carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi. Nine experimental diets (designated as Con, CP, PA, SP, OP, MB, TO, BE and PO) were formulated to contain Carophyll Pink, red paprika, Spirulina, Opuntia, mandarin bark, tomato, beet and Porphyra, respectively. Each experimental diet was fed to two replicate groups of fish (22.9 g/fish) to visual satiation three times a day for 8 weeks. Weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed the diets containing Spirulina or Opuntia were higher than those of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). The values of $a^*$, $L^*$ and $b^*$ of fish skin were significantly changed by dietary carotenoids sources (P<0.05). The $a^*$ values of fish fed the diets containing Carophyll Pink, red paprika and Spirulina were higher than those of fish fed other diets (P<0.05). The skin total carotenoids of fish fed the diets containing Spirulina and Opuntia were higher than those of others (P>0.05). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that dietary inclusion of red paprika and Spirulina pacifica could increase the skin redness of red- and white-colored fancy carp.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.306-310
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• 2009

Mass mortality was occurred in adult koi carp(Cyprinus carpio) at a private pond near Samchunpo city in the early November, 2007. Its water temperature was $11^{\circ}C$ and turbidity was very high. The fishes diseased were shown widely distributed hemorrhages, deep ulcerations on the whole body surface and severe erosions in the all fins. In necropsy, excess ascitic fluid was observed and spleen and kidney affected were enlarged. In microscopic observation, it was examined widely distributed severe dermal ulceration, multifocal gill lamella hyperplasia, severe fibrinous pericarditis, multifocal nephritis and hepatitis. The bacteria suspected were isolated using tryptone soya agar and identified as motile Aeromonas hydrophila as results of biochemical tests using API 20E and 20NE. According to previous reports, A. hydrophila infection were mainly occurred in fingerling at high temperature. However, this case exhibited that A. hydrophila infection can develop on adult koi carp even in the winter season.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 1985

The changes of the get forming ability of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and conger eel (Astroconger myriaster) meat during ice and frozen storage were investigated in connection with the other quality indices, such as pH, K-value, VBN, viable cell count and sensory evaluation. The shelf-life of iced common carp and conger eel as the raw materials for fish jelly product was considered to be about 16 and 13 days, respectively. Little change in gel forming ability of two species was found during frozen storage at $-30^{\circ}C$ for 3 months. From the results obtained in the examination on the gel forming abilities of the two species stored at $-30^{\circ}C$ for 3 months were superior to those stored in ice for 3 to 4 and 4 to 6 days individually. Fish jelly from the common carp was much more elastic than that of conger eel meat. The overall qualities of two species held in frozen storage as the raw material for fish jelly product were excellent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1987

A seasonal variations of chemical components and gel forming ability in wild common carp (Cyprinus car-pio) and conger eel (Astroconger myriaster) caught around Pusan, Korea monthly for one year (from May,1984 to April, 1985) were investigated. During a year variation range in the moisture and crude lipid contents were found in conger eel meat showing 61.0-76.6% and 5.4-20.8%, while crude protein, ash and carbohydrate were no appreciable differences . Ail of the moisture of chemical components were nearly constant in wild common carp for 12 months. The contents of moisture were less, while crude lipid were more in conger eel meat from September to February than those of the other months. Qualities of the fish jelly were the best for that months in conger eel. Fish jellies were good for 12 months in wild common carp. Gel forming ability was related to the content of chemical components and fishing season in conger eel.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2006

In order to elucidate the behavior of the insecticide imidacloprid (1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine) in crucian carp (Carassius auratus L.) and its effects on the internal organs of crucian carp, the crucian carps were exposed to [$^{14}C$]imidacloprid at a predicted environmental concentration of 0.064 mg/L for 4 days. Imidacloprid in water was absorbed into crucian carps to reach the maximum concentration at 2 days after exposure. Unknown major metabolite and imidacloprid urea, minor metabolite, were detected in test water. The amounts of the [$^{14}C$]imidacloprid and its metabolites absorbed in gall were much higher than those in the other parts, strongly suggesting that biliary excretion involving enterohepatic recirculation could be an import route for the elimination of imidacloprid absorbed in crucian carps. Meanwhile, no toxic effects of imidacloprid on liver and kidney as well as the genital organs such as testis and ovary were observed by microscopic inspection.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.254-258
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• 2006

Vitellogenin has been known as a potent biomarker protein for the estrogenic activity in fish exposed to endocrine disruptors. In this study, a piezoelectric immunosensor making use of an anticarp vitellogenin antibody and an AT-cut quartz crystal microbalance as the biological component and transducer was prepared, followed by its application to the analysis of carp vitellogenin as follows. Antibody immobilization was conducted by chemisorption of a thiolated antibody with a heterobifunctional thiolation cross-linker, sulfosuccinimidyl 6-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionamido]hexanoate. The reaction buffer for the immunosensor system was optimized as 0.1 M sodium phosphate (pH 7.4). Concentration-dependent sensor responses were obtained in the vitellogenin concentrations ranging from 0.4864 to 486.4000 nM, with a linear correlation between vitellogenin concentration and frequency shift in double-logarithmic scale. The limit of detection of the immunosensor for carp vitellogenin was presumed as 0.4864 nM.