• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2001

The spontaneous frequency of genetic damage and the possible relationship of this damage to total radical-trapping antioxidant potential(TRAP) and antioxidant vitamins, including plasma levels of $\alpha$-carotene, $\beta$-carotene, cryptoxanthin, retinol, $\alpha$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol in humans were investigated in 57 subjects using two indices of genetic damage, SCE & HFC frequency. The mean of SCE and HFC frequencies were weakly correlated with plasma TRAP(r=-0.305, p<0.1 for SCEs: r=-0.297, p<0.1 for HFCs, respectively), but those were strongly negatively correlated with plasma $\beta$-carotence(r=-0.385, p<0.01 for SCEs : r=-0.392, p<0.01 for HFCs) and cryptoxanthin(r=-0.312, p<0.05 for SCEs : r=0.335, p<0.05 for HFCs, respectively) levels in the subjects. However, those DNA damage markers including SCE and HFC did not correlate with either plasma $\alpha$-carotene, $\alpha$-tocopherol or retinol concentrations. The mean of SCE and HFC frequencies were positively correlated with plasma ${\gamma}$-tocopherol level(r=0.421, p<0.01 for SCEs : r=0.399, p<0.01 for HFCs, respectively). These findings indicate that increased cytogenetic DNA changes, as determined by SCE and HFC frequencies are possibly associated with generation of free radicals in lymphocytes and decreased plasma antioxidant vitamin($\beta$-carotene and cryptoxanthin) status in the subjects. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 401~08, 2001)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2981-2986
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• 2015

Background: Despite many epidemiological studies on the effects of dietary antioxidant micronutrients on risk of cervical cancer, the findings remain uncertain and little evidence is available for serum nutrient markers. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between serum carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol concentrations and risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women. Materials and Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in which 358 adults (158 incident cases and 200 controls) were recruited from Xinjiang, China. Serum levels of carotenoids (${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin), retinol, and tocopherols (${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol) were assessed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: We found inverse associations between serum carotenoid (${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin) and tocopherol (${\alpha}$-tocopherol) concentrations and the risk of cervical cancer after adjusting for potential confounders, but a null association for retinol. The ORs for 1-SD increase were 0.71 (95 % CI: 0.56-0.92; p=0.003) for total carotenoids and 0.75 (95 % CI: 0.60-0.94; p=0.008) for total tocopherols. Conclusions: These results show that higher serum concentrations of some carotenoids and tocopherols are associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 1993

Potato and carrot are the main sourses of vitamin C and vitamin A each. As a folk ramedy, potato-carrot mixtures have been used to cure a stomach ulcer in Korea. To investigate the effects of carrot juice on the browning of potato juice, we examined the brewing in various ratio of two juices. We also investigated the role of potato juice in the carotene oxidation of carrot juice. Delta "L" values of potato juice were abruptly decreased after 5 min. reaction and they were very different from the juice mixture of potato and carrot. Those containing higher ratio of potato were decreased greatly. In blanching treatment to eliminate the effect of the enzymes in potato and carrot, delta "L" values of cooked potato were decreased a little but those of cooked carrot were decreased greatly. To investigate the fact that the inhibitory effect of carrot juice in potato browning was due to the dilution of polyphenolics of potato juices by carrot juice mixing, we added H20 equivalent to carrot water content to potato juice. The diluted sample showed less decreasing pattern than nondiluted sample. We also added appropriate amount of ${\beta}$-carotene to the same samples. Delta "L" values of with added B-carotene were more slowly decreased than those of without added B-carotene.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2000

Carotenoids are widely distributed natural pigments which are in an increasing demand by the market, due to their applicatins in the human food, animal feed, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Although more than 600 carotenoids have been identified in nature, only a few are industrially important (${\beta}$-carotene, astaxanthin, lutein or lycopene). To date chemical processes manufacture most of the carotenoid production, but the interest for carotenoids of biological origin is growing since theire is an increased public concern over the safety of artificial food colorants. Although much interest and effort has been devoted to the use of biological sources for industrially important carotenoids, only the production of biological ${\beta}$-carotene and astaxanthin has been reported. Among fungi, several Mucorales strains, particularly Blakeslea trispora, have been used to develop fermentation processes for the production of ${\beta}$-carotene on almost competitive cost-price levels. Similarly, the basidiomycetous yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (the perfect state of Phaffia rhodozyma), has been proposed as a promising source of astaxanthin. This paper focuses on recent findings on the fungal pathways for carotenoid production, especially the structure and function of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the Mucorales. An outlook of the possibilities of an increased industrial production of carotenoids, based on metabolic engineering of fungi for carotenoid content and composition, is also discussed.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-71
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• 1987

${\beta}$-Carotene has been known as an effective quenching agent of singlet oxygen and the carotenoid pigments in general are expected to protect cells against photosensitized oxidations. We are determined the quenching rate constants of several Ketocarotenoids including capsanthin, capsanthin diester, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin, and the relative quenching actiyities against singlet oxygen were compared with those of ${\beta}$-carotene and reported carotenoids. Nevertheless the ketocarotenoids exhibited lower quenching rate constants than ${\beta}$-carotene, they showed more pronounced protective activitives than ${\beta}$-carotene against photohemlysis induced by singlet oxygen. Among the ketocarotenoids investigated, fucoxanthin indicated a significant protective activity for the cell. The results suggested that. 1) 1O2 may be alikely initiator of photohemolysis, but this reaction is followed by slow dark reactions involving secondary reactive species. 2) For protection of RBC against photodynamic action with carotenoids, carotenoids having functional groups such as -C=0 and -OH groups are most efficient. This suggests that partition of carotenoids between the buck and the mombrane and/or their specific binding to membrane proteins are more critical for the photo-protection by carotenoids than is a diffusional quenching of 1O2.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1996

콜레스테롤을 함유하는 수용성 모형계에서 erythrosine의 첨가농도, 광도, tocopherol과 ${\beta}-carotene$의 첨가에 따른 headspace내의 산소량의 변화와 콜레스테롤 산화물의 생성량의 변화를 연구하였다. Erythrosine의 첨가량이 증가할수록 headspace내 산소량의 감소가 컸고, 각종 COP 생성량은 증가하였다. 형광등의 조도가 증가할수록 headspace내 산소량의 감소가 컸고, 이에 비례하여 콜레스테롤은 감소하였고 총 COP의 생성량은 증가하였다. 일중항 산소 소거제로 tocopherol과 ${\beta}-carotene$을 첨가하였을 때 headspace내의 산소량은 완만하게 감소하였으며, 이에 비례하여 콜레스테롤의 감소가 완만하였고 총 COP의 생성량 또한 감소하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2006

Seasoning oil(SO-1) was manufactured from soybean oil, with ${\beta}-carotene$, oleoresin paprika and 3 kinds of flavors. Color of it's SO-1 was red. Total content of trans fatty acid of SO-1 was low level 0.84%, compare to the butter's and margarine's 1.35%, 28.31%, respectively. Total volatile components of SO-1 was 201,313.11ppm, was higher than soybean oil's, butter's, margarine's and SO-2's(removed 3 kinds of flavors from SO-1), it's value of 63.54ppm, 481.24ppm, 168.95ppm and 205.73ppm, respectively. And smoke point(SP) of SO-1 was higher than others. SP of SO-1, after 6 months later at room temperature, was 240, in contrast with soybean oil's 228. This SO-1, added ${\beta}-carotene$ and flavor components, had a masking effect of burnt flavor. From these results, SO-1 can be replaced of butter or margarine as a substituted oil.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2004

생감자주스와 감자주스에 당근주스나 물을 혼합했을 때 갈변화 반응의 속도를 실험한 결과 감자주스는 15분 이내에 빨리 갈변화하였고 30분 후에는 까맣게 되었다. 그러나 당근 주스를 첨가한 것은 서서히 갈변화가 시작되었고 45분이 지나서야 갈색화가 진하게 되었다. 첨가한 당근주스의 양이 증가함에 따라 갈변화 속도는 비례적으로 감소하였다. 당근 주스의 갈변화 억제효과가 당근주스의 베타-카로틴 인지를 알아보기 위해 모델시스뎀에서 클로로젠산과 타이로신의 갈변화 속도에 베타-카로틴이 어떤 영향을 미치는지 실험한 결과 클로로젠산의 초기 갈변화 속도는 베타-카로틴을 첨가한 클로로젠산의 갈변화 속도보다 빨랐다. 두 속도 사이의 차이는 시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였다. 당근에서 추출한 카로티노이드를 클로로젠산에 가했을때도 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 타이로신 단독으로와 베타-카로틴을 첨가한 타이로신의 갈변화 경향도 클로로젠산의 경우와 같은 결과를 보였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2020

These experiments were to investigate the variations of rye on forage quality, productivity and β-carotene concentration affected by maturity in Pyeongchang region. Limited information are available about how forage quality and β-carotene content are affected by various factors. Samples were collected from rye harvested every 5 days, from April 25 to May 31 (April 25, April 30, May 4, May 9, May 15, May 21, May 25 and May 31). Dry matter (DM) content, plant height, DM yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield increased continuously with the progressed maturity. However, crude protein (CP) content, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and relative feed value (RFV) decreased markedly with the delay of harvesting, while TDN content decreased from April 25 till May 15, then followed by a stable fluctuation. Conversely, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) value increased and then fluctuated slightly after blooming stage. For quality of plant parts, stem contained the lowest CP content and RFV value, and the highest ADF and NDF contents compared with other parts, while the grain showed the higher CP, IVDMD, RFV and lower fiber contents than others. With the plant matured, leaf proportion decreased while stem and grain proportion increased, and feed value of all the three parts decreased till blooming stage and followed by a stable phase. β-carotene concentration showed its highest on jointing stage, and then fell down sharply on the sequential stages. In conclusion, harvest around May 15 (blooming) is proper for forage rye if directly consumed by livestock as green chop in Pyeongchang under the consideration of both nutritive yield and forage quality.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2011

에틸렌 작용억제제인 1-MCP의 처리와 함께 수확 후 '부유' 단감 과실에 호르메시스유발원으로 자외선을 조사하였을 때 carotenoid 색소 함량 변화와 함께 에틸렌 생성, 호흡 및 과육 경도의 변화를 조사하였다. 수확 당시 '부유' 단감 과실의 주요 carotenoid 색소는 ${\beta}$-carotene, lycopene, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin이었으며, 이 중 lycopene 색소 함량은 수확 이후 실온 저장 기간 중에 크게 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 자외선 조사는 단감에서 ${\beta}$-carotene과 lycopene 색소의 함량을 증가시켜 과피의 착색을 증진하였으나 동시에 자외선 스트레스에 따른 과육의 경도 저하를 촉진하였다. 그러나 자외선 조사에 따른 carotenoid 색소 함량의 증가는 1-MCP 처리의 영향을 받지 않은 반면 과육의 연화는 1-MCP 처리에 의해 크게 지연되었다. 따라서 수확 후 '부유' 단감 과실에 1-MCP 처리와 자외선 조사를 병행할 경우 연화 억제와 과피의 착색 중진을 통한 품질의 향상이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.