• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.609-615
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• 2014

Objectives : In most developed countries there has been a substantial decrease in the prevalence of dental caries in children of 12 years old over the past 40 years. This change in epidemiology highlights the importance of preventive management in dentistry. For successful management of early caries lesions, it is essential to detect and assess the pathological changes of dental caries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the overview of International Caries Detection and Assessment System(ICDAS) criteria for the detection and assessment of early caries lesions by literature reviews. Methods : The author reviewed the MEDLINE search by the key words of 'caries assessment', 'caries detection', 'caries measurement', and 'ICDAS'. Results : This literature review provided an overview of International Caries Detection and Assessment System(ICDAS) criteria for the detection and assessment of early caries lesions. This article showed the principles, concept, and primary caries detection criteria of the ICDAS. The ICDAS can macroscopically measure the enamel surface changes and potential histological depth of caries lesions by the surface characteristics of the teeth. The ICDAS criteria allow researchers and clinicians to choose the stage of dental caries and characteristics for assessment. Conclusions : ICDAS can be an adjunct method to clinical decision making and preventive treatment planning.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of three different caries-preventing agents on artificial caries in a Streptococcus mutans-based caries model. Methods: Sixty-five caries-free human molar enamel blocks were treated with a demineralization solution and a remineralization solution. The specimens were assigned to the following groups according to the caries-protective product applied: group A, chlorhexidine varnish; group B, fluoride-releasing chemically cured sealant; group C, fluoride-releasing lightcured sealant; group D, positive control (specimens that were subjected to de- and remineralization cycles without treatment with any caries-protective agents); and group E, negative control (specimens that were not subjected to de- and remineralization cycles). Samples in groups A-D were stored in demineralization solution with S. mutans and thereafter in artificial saliva. This procedure was performed for 30 days. Average fluorescence loss (${\Delta}F$) and surface size of the lesions were measured using quantitative light-induced fluorescence at baseline and on the 7th, 14th, and 30th days. Results: After 30 days, group A demonstrated a significant increase in ΔF and the surface size of the lesions, no significant difference in comparison with the positive control group, and a significant difference in comparison with the negative control group. Group B showed no significant changes in both parameters at any of the measurement points. While group C showed increased ${\Delta}F$ after 14 days, no significant fluorescence change was observed after 30 days. Conclusions: Both fluoride-releasing sealants (chemically or light-cured) show anti-cariogenic effects, but the use of chlorhexidine varnish for the purpose of caries protection needs to be reconsidered.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2012

A new method for early caries diagnosis was proposed and tested through a home-made optical examination system that used quantitative light fluorescence (QLF) and digital imaging fiber optic transillumination (FOTI) (DIFOTI), with light sources across a wide spectral range, from 350 nm to 1,000 nm. The front-illuminated infrared light scattering image (FIR) showed similar diagnostic abilities to that of DIFOTI. The FIR method was invented based on the observation that caries lesions lose the high transmittance and low scattering properties of benign enamel tissue. There are various methods for the early diagnosis of caries, such as visual examination, exploration, X-ray radiography, QLF, FOTI, and infrared fluorescence (diagnodent). Among them, methods based on optical properties are regarded as having the most potential. A comparative study was performed between the FOTI, QLF, diagnodent, optical coherence tomography, and FIR scattering image methods, using 20 extracted teeth samples with early caries. A scale of lesion measurement based on optical image contrast was proposed. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the DIFOTI and FIR methods (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). However, the QLF and diagnodent methods showed little association with FIR images, as they have different detection principles as compared with FIR. Tomographic images obtained by OCT, using 1,330 nm super luminescent LED as a gold standard of tooth structure, verified that the FOTI and FIR results correctly represented the lack of homogeneity in dental tissue. The newly proposed FIR method attained similar diagnostic results to those of FOTI, but with an easier approach.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to provide the basic data for oral health of infants, through the comparison of Streptococcus mutans activities(the representative bacteria of initial dental caries), in main nutritional foods for infants: breast milk, milk powder, and soya milk. Methods : The study targeted 30 infants and the saliva was sampled after the oral examination. The pH of sampled saliva was measured; and the sample of 'the saliva', 'the saliva and breast milk', and 'the saliva and formula milk' by researcher were produced; and the measurement was repeated 7 times. Results : As a result of examining the change of colony number of Streptococcus mutans by hour, the bacterial activity took in the source of nutrition took place in the first place; and in the group with dental caries, breast-feeding at night occurreds most frequently. Due to the combined activities, such as the increase in the contact time, the existence rate of dental caries appeared high. However, as the improvement of breast-feeding is closely related to the nutrition supply to babies, rather than the improvement of breast-feeding, the 12 hours after the culture in which Streptococcus mutans activities started was considered. Conclusions : In case of breast-feeding at night, it is necessary to remove the dental plaque in the mouth, before 12 hours has passed. Especially, using toothbrush and toothpaste to decrease the occurrence of dental caries, after the eruption of teeth, is recommended for oral administration.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2007

본 연구는 Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic Trans-Illumination(DIFOTI)이나 Laser Fluorescence(LF)를 이용한 방법이 평활면 법랑질 초기우식증의 재광화 정도를 정확하게 monitoring 할 수 있는지의 여부를 평가하기 위하여 진행되었다. 우치 법랑질로부터 얻어진 인공 우식 절편을 특별히 제작된 의치에 식립한 다음, 10명의 실험 참가자들이 구강 내에 장착하고 3주 동안 불소 양치용액을 사용하도록 한 다음 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy(CLSM)로 측정된 병소 깊이를 gold standard로 사용하여 DIFOTI와 LF로 측정 된 우식 절편의 재광화 정도를 비교 평가한 후 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. DIFOTI에 측정된 광도 백분율이 재광화 기간이 지남에 따라 증가하였으며, CLSM에서 측정된 병소 깊이와 유의한 역상관관계를 보였다(r=-0.683, p<0.01). 2. LF 측정치는 재광화 기간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였으며 CLSM에서 측정된 병소 깊이와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. CLSM 촬영 결과 500 ppm 불소 양치군이 0 ppm 불소 양치군보다 빠른 속도로 병소 깊이가 감소하는 양상을 보여 주었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 건전 법랑질과 우식 병소의 형광 차이를 증진시켜 QLF의 영상학적인 진단강도를 높이고, QLF로 촬영한 이미지 상에서 착색과 우식병소를 감별하기 위해 형광 염색제인 플루오레세인나트륨을 접목하여 사람 치아의 법랑질 표면에 유발된 초기 우식병소를 평가하는데 있다. 치아우식증이나 균열이 없는 최근 발거된 소구치 및 제3대구치를 대상으로 하여 치아의 평활면을 $6mm{\times}3mm{\times}3mm$ 크기로 절단한 후 아크릴 주형에 매몰하였고, 시편 표면적의 1/2에 nail varnish를 도포하여 대조군으로 설정하였다. 시편은 무작위로 15개씩 총 6개 탈회그룹(6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96시간)으로 나누었다. 시편을 각 시간에 맞게 탈회시키고 생리 식염수로 세척한 후 QLF-D를 이용하여 탈회 정도(${\Delta}F$)를 측정하고 0.075% 플루오레세인나트륨을 적용한 후 세척하고 ${\Delta}F$ 값을 측정하여 그 값을 비교하였다. 시편의 중앙 부위를 삭제하고 연마하여 주사전자현미경 상으로 영상을 저장한 후 병소 깊이를 측정하였다. QLF를 이용하여 관찰한 우식병소는 건전 법랑질보다 어둡게, 플루오레세인나트륨을 도포한 후 QLF로 관찰한 우식병소는 건전 법랑질보다 밝게 관찰되었으며 탈회시간이 증가함에 따라 형광염료는 더 많이 침투하였다. 플루오레세인나트륨을 적용한 후 측정한 ${\Delta}F$ 값은 염색 전과 비교하여 모두 증가하였다(p < 0.05). QLF 수치와 병소 깊이는 높은 상관관계를 보였고 회귀분석을 통해 선형 방정식을 추출하였다. 따라서 플루오레세인나트륨을 접목시킨 QLF 측정은 임상적으로 초기우식을 감지하고 분류하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이며, QLF로 촬영한 이미지에서 우식병소와 착색을 감별하는데 도움을 줄 것이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.728-737
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• 2003

3세 이하의 어린이에서 구강 내 미생물과 타액완충능이 치아우식증과의 관련성을 알아보았다. 87명의 어린이를 실험대상으로 하여 치태와 자극성타액을 각각 면봉과 면구를 이용하여 채취하였다. 0.94%의 lactic acid를 타액 표본에 첨가하기 전과 후의 pH를 각각 측정하였고 타액표본을 순차적으로 희석하여 선택배지와 비선택배지에 접종하였다. Mutans streptococci (MS), lactobacilli (LB), total viable count (TVC)의 집락수와 타액의 pH와 완충능을 어린이의 치아우식과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 자극성타액과 치태 모두에서 MS와 LB가 치아우식증과 높은 통계학적 유의성을 보였다. 2. 치아우식의 발생을 예측할 수 있는 미생물의 집락수는 다음과 같았다. 1) 자극성 타액 1 ml당 MS 집락수가 $10^5$ 이상 2) 치태 1 ml당 MS 집락수가 $2{\times}10^5$ 이상 3) 자극성타액 1 ml당 LB 집락수가 $10^3$ 이상 4) 치태 1 ml당 LB 집락수가 $10^3$ 이상 3. 타액의 pH와 완충능은 유아기우식증과 관련이 없었다. 4. MS 검사는 LB 검사 보다 높은 예측치 (predictive value)와 교차비 (odds ratio)를 보였다. 5. MS 집락수는 어린이에 있어서 치아우식 발생을 예측할 수 있는 가장 믿을만한 미생물학적 검사로 일반적인 세균배양법을 이용하거나 상품화된 검사기구를 이용하여 쉽게 임상에 적용할 수 있다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2021

연구목적: 본 연구는 아동의 치아우식증 발생에 영향을 줄 수 있는 빙과류를 종류에 따라 구분하고, 당도와 산도, 비점조도를 조사하여 분석하고자 시행하였다. 연구방법: 국내에서 생산 및 시판되는 빙과류 60종을 무작위로 선택하여 빙과류 분류 기준에 따라 빙과, 유지방군아이스크림, 비유지방군아이스크림으로 구분하였다. 각 제품을 동일한 조건으로 처리하여 제품별 성분함량을 조사하였으며, 당도와 산도, 점조도를 측정하였고 비점조도를 계산하였다. 대상 빙과류의 일반적인 특성은 빈도분석을 시행하였고, 식품 유형에 따른 빙과류의 영양성분의 차이와 치아우식 관련 특성의 차이는 일원배치 분산분석을 수행하였다. 유의수준(α)은 0.05로 하였다. 연구결과: 조사 대상 빙과류는 총 60개로 빙과, 유지방군, 비유지방군 각각 20개씩이었다. 품목별 영양성분에서 나트륨은 비유지방군이 59.94 mg으로 가장 높았고 빙과는 평균 15.94 mg으로 유의하게 낮았다. 지방 함량은 유지방군이 7.07 g으로 가장 높았다. 치아우식 활성도 관련 특성을 각 제품군에 따라 분석한 결과 pH는 빙과가 평균 3.67로 가장 낮았으며, 당도는 유지방군(33.22)과 비유지방군(32.89)이 빙과보다 유의하게 높았다. 비점조도 또한 유지방군이 32.62로 가장 높았고, 빙과는 9.42로 유의하게 낮았다. 결론: 이상 기온 현상과 코로나바이러스 확산으로 인하여 가정 내 빙과류 섭취가 증가하는 추세이다. 가정 내에서 아동의 치아우식증 발생을 예방하기 위하여 빙과류 섭취 후 적절한 구강 관리를 할 수 있도록 아동과 보호자 대상의 교육이 필요하다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2006

Tooth morphology is the most important scientific aspect of dental medicine in regards to the treatment and study of teeth attrition relating to the absence of teeth due to dental caries or the occlusion of teeth due to external force. Most of the studies have focused on the external morphology in cutting teeth regardless of sex and age. However, the importance of internal morphology in the treatment of damaged teeth has been increased. Therefore, this study established the measurement criteria for the morphology of the mandibular first premolar which had never been presented, in order to investigate the external and internal morphologies of mandibular first premolars, and introduced a non-destructive method such as a microcomputed tomogrphy. Mandibular first premolars in superlative state were taken from molars of middle aged males and females and used as specimens for this study. Criteria relating to the internal and external morphology measurements were established to quantify the length of the teeth in identical state. Two dimensional image data for the selected mandibular first premolar were obtained by taking the image of each O.022mm section, which is perpendicular to the vertical direction using the microcomputed tomography. The Vworks program was applied to measure the length of each morphological part according to the set measurement criteria. These measured data were compared with the data presented by G. V. Black and the internal and external morphologies of the teeth of middle aged Koreans were also compared according to gender. In addition, the methodology for measurement of the mandibular first premolar was presented and according to this, the standardized mandibular first premolars of middle aged Korean males and females were made by using a rapid prototyping system.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.498-503
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rewetting effect of water-based primer on the air-dried dentin. In this in vitro study, freshly extracted non-caries human molars and three-step adhesive system(SBMP) were used. Freshly extracted non-caries human molars and three-step adhesive system(SBMP) were used. Flat occlusal dentin surface were prepared using low-speed diamond saw, Prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1.(W): etched(35% phosphoric acid for 15s) and blot-dried, Group 2.(5D): 5s air-dried, Group 3.(30D): 30s ail-dried, To obtain color contrast in CLSM observation, primer was mixed with rhodamine B and bonding resin was mixed with fluorescein. Microscopic sample of each group were obtained after longitudinal section. Morphological investigation of resin-dentin interface and thickness of hybrid layer measurement using CLSM were done. Microtensile bond strength for each specimen was measured. Specimen were observed under microscope to examine the failure patterns of interface between resin and dentin. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The results(mean) of Thickness of hybrid layer were W:19.67, 5D:20.9, 30D:10$\mu\textrm{m}$. Only 30D had statistically significant differences to Wand 5D(P<0.05). 2. The results(mean) of Microtensile bond strength were W:16.02, 5D:14.69, 30D:11.14MPa. Only 30D had statistically significant differences to Wand 5D(P<0.05). 3. There were positive correlation between Thickness of hybrid layer and microtensile bond strength(P<0.05).