• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2003

Objectives : The objectives of this study were to examine the difference in attitude toward health-specific locus-of-control and medical care among western medical students, oriental Medical students, and non-medical school students. Methods : The subjects of this study were 667 students who agreed to respond the questionnaire :212 western medical school students, 190 oriental medical school students, and 205 non-medical school students. The health-specific locus of control was measured by the structured questionnaire developed by Lau and Ware. The attitude toward western and oriental medicine was also measured by the questionnaire. Results : Western medical students and non-medical school students were more likely than oriental medical students to place high value on 'the provider control over health' and 'the general threat to health' scales (F=20.47, F=19.98). But oriental medical school students ranked 'the self control of health' scale as more important than any other locus of control scale (F=19.34). The health specific locus of control was also different from the grade. When trte grade was increased, 'the provider control over health' scale was slowly decreased, especially in western medical students and non medical school students. However, the 'general threat to health' scale was increased in oriental medical students. Western medical school students expressed more positive attitude toward western medicine. Oriental medical school students put a higher score on oriental medicine. Nevertheless, as the grade was increased, the positive attitude toward oriental medicine slightly decreased in oriental medical school students. Conclusions : There is a difference in health-specific locus of control and attitude toward medicine among western medical students, oriental medical students, and non-medical students. The locus of control and attitude of medical students towards medicine may affect both how they behave towards patients and how they help shape future public policy. Therefore, interdisciplinary educational initiatives may be the best way to handle this issue.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.546-555
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• 1999

Objectives : To determine the prevalence, pattern. and out-of-pocket expenditure of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) utilization in Korean adult population. Methods : We conducted a representative telephone survey of 2,042 persons aged 18 or older. Data about any health problem, details of their use of medical doctors(MDs) offices/hospitals/pharmacies services and CAM during the preceding 12 months were collected with structured questionnaire. Results : The utilization rate of CAM among Korean adults was 29% in one year. A total of 231 kinds of CAM was identified from this survey. Annual out-of-pocket expenditure associated with CAM use in 1998 amounted to ${\xi}{\S}1.88$ billion and was comparable to 40.8% of out-of-pocket expenditure paid for MDs offices/hospitals/pharmacies services. Among those(N=424) who paid for both MDs offices/hospitals/pharmacies services an d CAM, 35.8% paid more for CAM. CAM gave more satisfaction than western medicine to those who had experience of both types of therapy. About half of CAM users were willing to recommend CAM to others. Disclosure rate to physician among CAM users was not high(40.6%). Conclusion : CAM became a popular source of health care in Korea, Korean spent a substantial amount of out-of-pocket money on CAM without any public control. Because CAM use is likely to be increased rapidly through lay referral system, health policy makers and health professionals should pay more attention to CAM for making appropriate utilization of CAM.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2001

The purpose of this study were to review the current problems of rural welfare and to suggest desirable direction for development of welfare in rural Korea. Specific objectives of the study were to investigate the current status and problems of rural welfare and to search for the desirable directions for rural welfare development in Korea. The major findings of the study were as follows ; 1. Some of the current problems of rural welfare were; (1) difficulty in getting a job for stable income, (2) seriousness of medical care and aging of rural population, (3) decrease in number of rural school children and unfavorable educational environment, and (4) insufficiency in facility, manpower and program for recreation and cultural activities in rural area. 2. Problems of rural welfare were not independent in rural Korea, but the most of the problems were interrelated to each other. Integrated and comprehensive approach would be necessary to solve the problems of rural welfare. 3. Clean environment, stable and rewarding life, pride and self esteem of rural occupation should be the goals of better integrated rural welfare development, and healthfulness and quality of life should be ensured in rural society. 4. Urban oriented national policy based on urban centered political power was one of the causes of under development in rural welfare by creating rapid decrease in rural population and aging. Various problems in economic, educational, cultural and medical aspects of rural society should be solved. Further research on rural welfare should be conducted to increase and to strengthen rural welfare development in Korea.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.260-271
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify basic health needs of adult clients to develop a community nursing center model in Seoul. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire survey from 894 adults registered at a public health center who were health management members, and visiting 4 community nursing centers, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee during the period from July 1999 to January 2000. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentile, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: 1) The University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee School of Nursing has a long tradition of developing 4 community nursing centers with innovative health care programs. CNCs integrate the ability to implement and test effective intervention strategies with education, research, and practices of nursing students and faculty. They were designed to enhance the health status and quality of life for urban communities through the development of productive, outcome focused, collaborative partnerships among UWM-Nursing faculties and staff, other health and human service providers, consumers, and policy makers. It links the financial resources between UWM and 9 voluntary agencies and 12 public funding organizations including federal. state, and local governments. 2) Of the total health management members, 37.4% were reported to have at least one type of chronic disease such as hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis. Ten percent of them reported having obesity, and 44.2% reported lack of exercise. The health status of the subjects was within normal range in laboratory tests. However, female subjects showed more significant differences in obesity and cholesterol levels than male subjects. The subjects, who were in their 50s, showed more significant differences in obesity, SGOT, SGPT, and cholesterol levels than the subjects in other age groups. Conclusion: A community nursing center needs to be developed, that has a link between the nursing college and the public health center, with partnerships and a multidisciplinary approach. Based on the study results, exercise programs for middle aged adults are considered necessary. In particular, specific exercise programs for pre-menopausal women needs to be implemented in the future to prevent them from developing osteoporosis.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2000

뉴욕시 정부의 이민자들에 대한 다각적인 접근과 시도에도 불구하고 의료 서비스 제공자들과 대상자간에 언어적 장벽과 문화적 차이로 인한 상호협조의 어려움은 계속되고있다. 본 연구는 뉴욕시 보건국 소속 다민족 다문화 계층의 의료수준 향상을 위한 노력의 일환으로 실시된 프로젝트 중 일부이다. 뉴욕시의 한국 이민자들이 뉴욕시에서 증가하는 추세를 감안할 때, 이들의 의료시설 이용 및 서비스 수혜에 대한 기초 조사를 실시하여 한국 이민자들의 문화적 배경과 그로 기인한 건강 신념을 알고자하는 시 정부 차원의 요구가 이 연구의 배경이다. 즉, 한국이민 사회의 독특한 특성을 뉴욕시 정부 관련 의료서비스 제공자들에게 그 이해를 높여서 한국 이민자들의 미국에서의 의료서비스 수혜의 기회를 높이고자 한 것이다. 기초 관련 연구가 전무한 한국 이민자들의 건강관련 이슈를 다루기 위해 미국 센서스와 병원 입퇴원 기록 현황에 나타난 한국인 혹은 아시안의 의료보장 실태 등을 고찰하였고, 한국이민사회의 주요 기관의 대표들과의 면담과 이민자들을 대상으로 한 직접 설문조사로 자료를 수집하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 한국 이민자들은 한국어를 주요 언어$(83\%)$로 사용하는 것으로 나타나 문화의 동화율이 낮았고, 낮은 문화 동화율은 의료 서비스 접근도를 낮추는 요인으로 나타났다. 또한, 의료 보험이 없는 것$(55\%)$이 가장 큰 요인으로 지적되었는데, 이는 미국 직장에 적응하기 어려운 이민생활로 자영업을 주로 하는 생활 양태가 비싼 사 보험(private health insurance)을 사지 못하는 요인과 관련되어있다고 본다. 따라서, 주로 이용하는 의료 서비스의 종류에도 많은 제한점이 있어서, $60\%$가 한국인 의사를 선호하며, $31\%$가 한국인 약사에게 건강관리를 의존하는 것으로 나타나 미국사회의 의료 서비스 접근도는 극히 취약한 것으로 드러났다. 의료서비스 접근을 막는 주요 장벽으로는 비싼 의료비 $(53\%)$ , 의사소통장애$(37\%)$로 나타났다. 보건의료 서비스를 위해 주로 이용하며 생활의 정보를 얻는 통로로는 한국어 신문$(69\%)$과 한국어 TV$(61\%)$, 한국어 라디오 $(57\%)$로 밝혀졌다. 결론적으로 한국 이민자들에게 좀더 나은 의료 서비스 수혜를 위해서는 문화 친밀도가 높은 의료환경 조성 및 의료 서비스 제공자들의 이해를 높이는 일 등과 함께 한국 이민자들이 의료보험을 살수 있도록 한국어로 된 의료 서비스 정보를 제공하는 등의 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2131-2139
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• 2013

This study clearly identify the correlation between adolescents resiliency and suicidal ideation and more effective to strengthen the external protective factors for adolescents suicide prevention alternatives presented. Research subjects were 243 boy and girl first year students in a high school located in Kyunggi Province; Questionnaires were distributed for one week from March 5, 2013. Frequency analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, etc. were executed. All empirical tests were verified with 5% of significance level. From the result of analysis, suicidal ideation has a negative correlation with the adolescent resilience, and especially, when interaction in family dimension and the care, expectation level of school and peer dimension become higher, suicidal ideation was reduced. The implications of this study suggest that the material prepared for suicide prevention policy based on the results of a study on the impact of adolescents resiliency to suicidal ideation.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.63-81
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• 2017

This study investigated general problems concerning the social welfare field in the KDC 6th edition based comparative analysis academic characteristics and classification system, and suggested on some ideas for the improvements of them. Results of the study are summarized as follows. First, a main field of the social welfare is generally divided into a general social welfare, social works, and social welfare services to special classes and groups including people with disabilities, young people, aged, women, and families. Second, I analyzed on social welfare from the collection database at the National Library of Korea. Based on analysis of the data. the keyword frequency of social welfare policy and management, pensions, care services, and support works for the underprivileged was relatively high. Third, modified classification of items was basically performed through the academic characteristics of the social welfare and the keyword analysis, and maintaining the existing KDC classification system caused less confusion as much as possible.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.sup1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2016

Background: This study analyzed the association between the volume of heart surgeries and treatment outcomes for hospitals in the last five years. Methods: Hospitals that perform heart surgeries were chosen throughout Korea as subjects using from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The treatment outcome of the heart surgeries was defined as the mortality within 30 postoperative days, while the annual volume of the surgeries was categorized. Logistic regression was used as the statistical analysis method, and the impacts of the variables on the heart surgery treatment outcomes were then analyzed. Results: The chance of death of patients who received surgery in a hospital that performed 50 or more surgeries annually was noticeably lower than patients receiving operations from hospitals that performed fewer than 50 surgeries annually, indicating that the chance of death decreases as the annual volume of heart surgeries in the hospital increases. In particular, the mortality rate in hospitals that performed more than 200 surgeries annually was less than half of that in hospitals that performed 49 or fewer surgeries annually. Conclusion: These results indicate that accumulation of a certain level of heart surgery experience is critical in improving or maintaining the quality of heart surgeries. In order to improve the treatment outcomes of small hospitals, a support policy must be implemented that allows for cooperation with experienced professionals.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.49 no.sup1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the concentration of cardiovascular surgical procedures in a metropolitan area and investigate the perception of specialists regarding governmental policies to resolve this imbalance. Methods: From March to May 2015, surveys were distributed to members of the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Association. The final pool of research subjects consisted of 75 respondents. Subjects were queried regarding the concentration of cardiovascular operations in metropolitan areas, alternatives to the imbalance, and governmental policies to resolve the inequalities. Results: Survey participants responded that South Korea needs governmental policies to alleviate the concentration of cardiovascular surgery patients in large metropolitan hospitals. Participants agreed that the freedom to choose medical institutions and improved accessibility to metropolitan hospitals due to advanced transportation systems were some of the causes for the concentration. A majority (98.7%) of respondents thought establishing thoracic and cardiovascular surgery centers in provinces was an appropriate solution to alleviate the concentration. Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery specialists were ranked as the number one group on which to focus development. Conclusion: Developing and carrying out policies to establish thoracic and cardiovascular surgery centers in provinces will alleviate the regional imbalance in available heart surgery services and an overall improvement in cardiovascular disease treatment in South Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.110-122
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• 2017

This study is to examine moderating effects of income and mediating effects of health related quality of life in the relationship between depression experience and suicidal behavior among menopausal middle-aged women in Korea. This study employed 1,182 middle-aged women aged 40 to 60 of the third year (2015) data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES VI). The results are that first, depression experience were significantly associated with suicidal behavior. Secondly, health related quality of life appeared to mediate the relationship between depression experience and suicidal behavior. Thirdly, income was significantly moderated the relationship between depression experience and suicidal behavior in relatively low income group below average income after controlling for mediating effects of health related quality of life. These results showed that there is a need to enhance health policy for mental health care in middle-aged women and to expand intervention program for improvement of health related quality of life, and especially, intervention for improving mental health of low-income group.