• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.922-924
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• 2004

A 55 year old male was admitted for dyspnea. The patient was diagnosed as acute myocardiac infarction, and coronary artery bypass grafting was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass. At postoperative day ＃1, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome was developed with fever, leukocytosis, tachycardia, tachypnea and low systemic vascular resistance. The patient was recovered after being treated with high dose of (36 $\mug/min)$ norepinephrine, and was discharged.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.501-510
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• 2013

This paper reviews a current view regarding the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVD). Many evidences have suggested that there exist biological mechanisms by which periodontitis can lead to ACVD. Periodontal infection can lead to direct bacterial invasion into endothelial tissues through the blood stream, then the bacteria can activate the host inflammatory response followed by atheroma formation, maturation and exacerbation. Also, chronic periodontal infections may indirectly induce endothelial activation or dysfunction through a state of systemic inflammation as evidenced by elevated plasma acute proteins, IL-6 and fibrinogen as well. There is moderate evidence that periodontal treatment can reduce systemic inflammation and improvement of both clinical surrogate markers. But there is no periodontal intervention study available on primary ACVD prevention. There is consistent and strong epidemiologic evidence, including in vitro, animal and clinical studies, that periodontitis imparts increased risk for future ACVD. However, evidences from intervention trials to date are not sufficient to confirm the multi directional causality of periodontitis in ACVD etiology. Well-designed intervention trials on the impact of periodontal treatment on the prevention of ACVD outcomes are needed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2011

Although left Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is not only an adaptive response of the heart to increased cardiac workload in hypertension, it surelybut also is the most potent risk factor of overt cardiovascular complications such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia and stroke in the hypertensive population. Also it has become generally accepted that subclinical cardiovascular disease begins in childhood and LVH is the most readily assessed marker for that. As LVH can be seen in children and adolescents with even mild blood pressure elevation with the reported prevalence of 10 to 47%, aggressive antihypertensive treatment is critical in preventing the development of hypertensive heart disease in that those cases.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to investigate general pharmacological action of bamboo salt (jukyom) in terms of effects on central nervous system and cardiovascular system in experimental animals. After bamboo salt, crude salt or reagent-grade NaCl were orally administered into male ICR mice with dose of 2.0 g/kg, general behavioural syndromes such as body weight and locomotor activity, spontaneous motor activity, pento-barbital-induced sleeping time, muscle incoordination, electroshock-induced convulsion, body temperature and writhing response caused by 0.6% acetic acid solution were observed. Bamboo salt had no influences in these indices for examinition of effect on central nervous system. Additionally, conscious male Sprague Dawley rats fastened overnight won ere treated with bamboo salt, crude salt or reagent-grade NaCl (2.0 g/kg, p.o.) to examine the effect of these salts cardiovascular system. Systolic, median and diastolic food pressure and heart rate were dertemined using tail cuff indirect method. Treatment with Hydralazine (50 mg/kg, p.o) as a positive control produced the decreases in systolic, median and diastolic blood treasure and an increase in heart rate. whereas no changes were observed in bamboo salt, crude salt and reagent-grade NaCl treated groups. These results strongly suggest that bamboo salt may have no effects on general pharmacology of central nervous systems and cardio-vascular systems.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 1994

The impact of cardiovascular changes occurred by endotracheal intubation is risky for patients with ischemic heart disease, or intracranial pathologic conditions typically impairing cerebral autoregulatory mechanisms. Therefore, multiple approaches have been utilized to limit the impact of intubation and reduce damage of central nervous and cardiovascular systems. These approaches include modifications in intubation technique to diminish circulatory stimuli and pharmacologic modifications of either the sensory afferent path or the circulatory response itself. We tried the stellate ganglion block, a kind of sympathetic block, for the same purpose and evaluated the results. The results of study are as follows, 1) Blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly after intubation as compared with preintubation in both control group and SGB group. 2) The difference of the two groups is not found. We conclude the above method does not control cardiovascular consequences of endotracheal intubation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

Inflammation is a double-edge sword, functioning as a response against external stimuli, but excessive inflammation can lead to a harmful result. Inflammation is important in the development of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Sohamhyung-tang(SHHT) is one of major herbal prescriptions from "Sanghanron", treating congested heat in thorax. It can be seen as an origin of several prescriptions for Hyungbi(胸痺, thoracic congestion), with its major component Trichosanthes semen. This study was done to determine whether SHHT reduces the production of nitrite, index of NO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The results show that SHHT inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2, and iNOS and COX-2 expression, meaning SHHT has a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Based on these results, we suggest that SHTT can be used for prevention and treatment of diseases which starts from chronic inflammatory reactions.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2020

When blood vessels are damaged, a fast hemostatic response should occur to minimize blood loss and maintain normal circulation. Platelet activation and aggregation are essential in this process. However, excessive platelet aggregation or abnormal platelet aggregation may be the cause of cardiovascular diseases such as thrombosis, stroke, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, finding a substance capable of regulating platelet activation and suppressing agglutination reaction is important for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. 6,7-Dimethoxy-2H-chromen-2-one (Scoparone), found primarily in the roots of Artemisia or Scopolia plants, has been reported to have a pharmacological effect on immunosuppression and vasodilation, but studies of platelet aggregation and its mechanisms are still insufficient. This study confirmed the effect of scoparone on collagen-induced human platelet aggregation, TXA₂ production, and major regulation of intracellular granule secretion (ATP and serotonin release). In addition, the effect of scoparone on the phosphorylation of the phosphoproteins PI3K/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) involved in signal transduction in platelet aggregation was studied. As a result, scoparone significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK, which significantly inhibited platelet aggregation through TXA₂ production and intracellular granule secretion (ATP and serotonin release). Therefore, we suggest that scoparone is an antiplatelet substance that regulates the phosphorylation of phosphoproteins such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK and is of value as a preventive and therapeutic agent for platelet-derived cardiovascular disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.390-401
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• 1997

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of New Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (NCL), effects of Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (CL) and NCL were compared. In isolated rat aorta, NCL and CL showed the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10$^{-6}$ M) without regard to intact endothelium or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presences of the inhibitor of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect the relaxation of NCL and CL. NCL and CL inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NCL and CL significantly decreased heart rate. NCL and CL, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effect that was a decrease of LVDP and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In excised guinea-pig papillary muscle, NCL and CL had no effects on parameters of action potential at low doses, whereas inhibited the cardiac contractility at high doses. These results suggested that NCL and CL have weak cardiovascular effects with relaxation of blood vessels and decrease of heart rate, and that this effect is no significant differences between two preparations.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.254-259
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• 2014

The pentacyclic triterpenoid ursolic acid (UA) and its isomer oleanolic acid (OA) are ubiquitous in food and plant medicine, and thus are easily exposed to the population through natural contact or intentional use. Although they have diverse health benefits, reported cardiovascular protective activity is contentious. In this study, the effect of UA and OA on platelet aggregation was examined on the basis that alteration of platelet activity is a potential process contributing to cardiovascular events. Treatment of UA enhanced platelet aggregation induced by thrombin or ADP, which was concentration-dependent in a range of $5-50{\mu}M$. Quite comparable results were obtained with OA, in which OA-treated platelets also exhibited an exaggerated response to either thrombin or ADP. UA treatment potentiated aggregation of whole blood, while OA failed to increase aggregation by thrombin. UA and OA did not affect plasma coagulation assessed by measuring prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. These results indicate that both UA and OA are capable of making platelets susceptible to aggregatory stimuli, and platelets rather than clotting factors are the primary target of them in proaggregatory activity. These compounds need to be used with caution, especially in the population with a predisposition to cardiovascular events.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1423-1430
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• 2009

Rosmarinic acid frequently found as a secondary metabolite in herbs and medicinal plants, has exhibited antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. The proliferation and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) in response to activation by various stimuli plays a critical role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to examine the effects of Rosmarinic acid on the proliferation and migration of HASMC. Rosmarinic acid suppressed the proliferation of HASMC via induction of the expression of apoptotic proteins including cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and caspase-3. Rosmarinic acid decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and increased pro-apoptotic Bax. Moreover, treatment of rosmarinic acid decreased the G1/S cycle regulation proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6) and increased p21, p27 and p53. Rosmarinic acid also blocked HASMC migration via suppression of MMP-9 and MMP-2. Taken together, these results indicate that rosmarinic acid has the potential for use as an anti-atherosclerosis agent.