• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2003

Lipid composition and fatty acid composition were characterized in the membrane of a marine ciliate protozoan (Uronema marinum). Phospholipids accounted for 70% of total lipid, and the remainder was neutral lipids. Total phospholipids were separated as phosphatidylcholine $(24.26\%)$, phosphatidylethanolamine $(22.21\%)$, phosphatidylinositol $(6.14\%)$, phosphatidyl­serne $(5.11\%)$, cardiolipin $(3.07\%)$ and unidentified phospholipids $(28.72\%)$ through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids was determined by gas chromatography (GC), based solely on comparision of retention times. In neutral lipids, the most abundant fatty acid group was monounsaturated fatty acid $(48.3\% of total fatty acids)$ with oleic acid (18:1) and nervonic acid (24:1). Saturated fatty acids comprised $29.6\%$ of total fatty acids, with palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0) ane myristic acid (14:0), and polyunsaturated fatty acid accounted for $33.0\%$ with $Di-homo-\gamma-linolenic$ acid (20:3) and linoleic acid (18:2). Wherease phospholipids predominantly contained the fatty acid group in the following order: polyunsaturated fatty acids $(52.7\%\;of\;total\;fatty\;acids)$ with linoleic acid (18:2) and $\gamma-linolenic$ acid (18:3) > monounsaturated fatty acids $(28.5\%\;of\;total\;fatty\;acids)$ with oleic acid (18:1) and palmitoleic acid (16:1) > saturated fatty acids $(25.5\%\;of\;total\;fatty\;acids)$ with palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0) and myristic acid (14:0).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.921-932
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• 2021

LINC01272 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been considered as a biomarker for many diseases including lung squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we investigated the function and mechanism of LINC01272 on lung cancer (LC). The differential expression of LINC01272 in LC and normal samples was analyzed by GEPIA based on the data from TCGA-LUAD database, as survival prognosis was analyzed through Kaplan-Meier Plotter. LINC01272 overexpression plasmid and miR-7-5p mimic were transfected into A549 and PC-9 cells. LINC01272, miR-7-5p and cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1) mRNA expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability was detected through MTT assay. Cell multiplication was evaluated by cell formation assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed through flow cytometry assay. Through bioinformatics, the target miRNA of LINC01272 and downstream genes of miR-7-5p were predicted. The targeting relationship was tested by dual luciferase reporter analysis. CRLS1, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), BCL2-associated X (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels were detected through western blot. LINC01272 was downregulated in LC and low LINC01272 expression had poor prognosis. In A549 and PC-9 cells, LINC01272 inhibited cell viability and multiplication and induced apoptosis. LINC01272 negatively regulated miR-7-5p and CRLS1 was a target of miR-7-5p. MiR-7-5p reversed the effect of LINC01272 on viability, multiplication, apoptosis and expression of miR-7-5p and CRLS1 as well as apoptosis-related factors (Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3). LINC01272 suppressed cell multiplication and induced apoptosis via regulating the miR-7-5p/CRLS1 axis in LC.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2022

Ischemia-reperfusion results in excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that affect myocardial cell damage. ROS production inhibition is effectively proposed in treating cardiovascular diseases including myocardial hypertrophy. Studies have shown that oxidizing cultured cells in in vitro experiments gradually decreases the permeability of mitochondrial membranes time- and concentration-dependent, resulting in increased mitochondrial membrane damage due to secondary ROS production and cardiolipin loss. However, recent studies have shown that 5-iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone (INH₂BP), an anticancer and antiviral drug, inhibited peroxynitrite-induced cell damage in in vitro and alleviated partial or overall inflammation in animal experiments. Therefore, in this paper, we studied the preventive effect of INH₂BP on H9c2 cells derived from mouse heart damaged by oxidative stress using 700 μM of hydrogen peroxide. As a result of oxidative stress to H9c2 cells by hydrogen peroxide whether the treatment of INH₂BP or not, hydrogen peroxide caused serious damage in H9c2 cells. These results were confirmed with cell viability and Hoechst 33342 assays. And this damage was through cell death. However, it was confirmed that H9c2 cells pretreated with INH₂BP significantly reduced cell death by hydrogen peroxide. In addition, measurements with DCF-DA assay to determine whether ROS is produced in H9c2 cells treated with only hydrogen peroxide produced ROS significantly, but H9c2 cells pretreated with INH₂BP significantly reduced ROS production by hydrogen peroxide. Taken together, it is believed that INH₂BP can be useful for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases induced through oxidative stress such as heart damage caused by ischemia/reperfusion.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1995

This project has been worked out for isolation of EPA-producing bacteria from marine source of sea water, sea sediment and intestinal contents eviscerated from some red-muscle fish such as mackerel, horse-mackerel and spike fish. The samples were precultured on the media of PPES-II glucose broth and then pure-cultured on Nutrient agar and P-Y-M glucose. Lipids extracted from those bacterial mass collected by centrifugation were analysed in terms of lipid class and fatty acid composition. The results are resumed as follows : 1. 112 strains from sea water and 76 strains from sea sediment were tested for their EPA producing capability, but both strains of (SA-67 and SA-91) from the former and four strains(SS-35, 37, 51 and 71) from the latter have been proved to produce EPA above the level of 2% of total fatty acids. The strains such as GS-11, 29, 31, HM-9, 29, B-18, 33, 107, YL-129, 156, 203, 77, 104 and 256 which were isolated from fish intestinal contents, have also produced EPA at higher level than 2% of total fatty acids. 2. Contents of total lipids extracted from the cultures of these strains grown at $25^{\circ}C$, range from 2.8% to 6.9% (on dry weight %), and they are mainly composed of polar lipids($40.9{\sim}52.9%$) such as phosphatidyl glycerol($^{+}cardiolipin$)(?) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine ($33.8{\sim}40.0%$), with smaller amount of free fatty acid ($11.2{\sim}20.2%$). 3. EPA was isolated from a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters obtained from the lipid of each strain by HPLC in silver-ion mode and was identified by GC-Mass spectrometry. 4. The strains of SW-91, GS-11, GS-29, HM-9, B-18 and YL-203 grown at $25^{\circ}C$ have a level of 5% EPA in their total fatty acids, and the GS-11 and HM-9 strains show a tendency of increase in the EPA level with an increase of growth temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.692-701
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• 1993

This study was designed to examine effects of the various levels of sardine and safflower oil mix on lipid contents of serveral tissues in dietary hyperlipidemic rats. Experimental oils were 16% butter(control group), 8% butter+8% olive oil(group 2), 8% butter+8% sardine oil(group 3), 8% butter+6% sardine oil+2% safflower oil(group 4), 8% butter+4% sardine oil+4% safflower oil(group 5), 8% butter+2% sardine oil+6% safflower oil(group 6) and 8% butter+8% safflower oil(group 7). The diet administered to the male rats of Sprague-Dawley were fed for 4 weeks. In the fatty aicd composition of brain phospholipid, n-3 EPA and DHA contents were increased, and DHA content was remarkably high in the phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) component. Arachidonic acid content were high in the cardiolipin component. In the fatty acid composition of heart phospholipid, PUFA contents were highest in the group 5 and DHA content was higher in the groups 4 and 5, particularly. Fatty acid composition of spleen lipid showed that n-3 EPA and DHA contents were higher in the group 3 than in the other groups.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 1993

The class and fatty acid composition of neutral lipid(NL) and phospholipid(PL) of Korean sweetfish were experimented. The NL was mainly consisted of triglyceride ($94.8{\sim}99.5\%$), and also identified free sterol($0.29{\sim}2.77\%$), sterol ester and diglyceride in less quantity. Triglyceride content of viscera was much higher than those of other tissues. Main components in the PL were phosphatidylcholine(PC, $7.9{\sim}61.6\%$), phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE, $19.3\%{\sim}39.3\%$) and followed by diphosphatidyl glycerol and sphingomyelin. PC and PE contents were higher in muscle and head tissues. The major fatty acids in NL fractions of sweetfish were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 18:0 and 14:0. Fatty acid composition of NL was similar to those of total lipid and were not significantly different among the fishes, the large and small sweetfish. In case of PL fractions, the major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3, 18:0 and 18:2n-6.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2009

Purpose : We performed this study to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL Ab) in Korean children with Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura (HSP). Methods : The medical records of 62 patients (31 boys and 31 girls) aged $46.0{\pm}3.1$ (1-16) years with a clinical diagnosis of HSP based on the EULAR/PReS criteria were reviewed retrospectively. From the years 2007 to 2009, the sera from children with acute HSP were tested for aPL Ab such as LA, anti-cardiolipin antibody and anti-${\beta}_2$ glycoprotein I antibody. Results : LA was positive in 18 (29%) of the 62 patients with HSP and We divided the patients into the two groups LA positive group (N=18) and LA negative group (N=44). There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to abdominal pain, arthralgia and renal involvement, but LA positive group had significantly higher C-reactive protein ($4.3{\pm}7.2$ mg/dL vs. $1.3{\pm}1.8$ mg/dL, P=0.035), erythrocyte sedimentation rate ($37.5{\pm}26.2$ mm/hr vs. $25.1{\pm}22.6$ mm/hr, P= 0.039), IgM ($148.1{\pm}48.4$ mg/dL vs. $114.9{\pm}41.5$ mg/dL, P=0.024), C3 ($143.1{\pm}21.9$ mg/dL vs. $129.7{\pm}24.5$ mg/dL, P=0.048) and C4 levels ($30.9{\pm}6.3$ mg/dL vs. $24.9{\pm}7.8$ mg/dL, P=0.002) compared with LA negative group. Conclusion : We found that the incidence of positive aPL Ab tests was relatively higher in Korean children with HSP and the presence of aPL Ab was associated with acute inflammatory process of HSP. These results suggest that the aPL Ab are involved in the pathogenesis of HSP in children.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1980

Climacteric phenomon in fruits was delayed ten days on the sub-atmospheric treatment than the normal atmospheric one. Average lipid content in tomatoes sampled was composed of neutral lipid (49%), phospholipid(31%) and glycolipid (13%). Seven constituents each from neutral and phospholipid were seperated through thin-lyaer chromatography. Changes on lipid content during treatments were associated with the climacteric pattern and the advance of maturity; At the climacteric on-set, the fruit color was light pink, and the content of neutral lipid was reduced to minimum. After this stage, this content was reversely increased. The maturity was related with diglyceride and sterol ester in neutral lipid, and phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine in phospholipid. The changes of two constituents each on both neutral and phospholipid were reversed each other. It was concluded that changes of lipid content in tomato fruits were closely associated with the advance of fruit maturity and climacteric pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.867-873
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• 1995

This study was done ot investigate the effect of chronic alcohol feeding and acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) treatment on hepatic mitochondrial ATPase activity andmembrane lipid composition. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 120~125g, were fed for 6 weeks on a liquid diet containing 35% of calories as ethanol. After 4 weeks of experiment diet feeding, 2-AAF(100mg/kg body weight) was injected twice a week intraperitoneally. Body weight and percent liver weight per body weight were significantly changed by ethanol feeding. Hepatic mitochondrial ATPase activity significantly decreased by ethanol feedings but not by 2-AAF treatment. In comparison to control, the ATPase activity of ethanol-AAF group decreased 29.3%. Since phospholipid(PL) content of mitochondria has an interaction effect between ethanol and 2-AAF treatment, 2-AAF treatment significantly increased phospholipid content in only ethanol fed group. Total cholesterol(C) level of mitochondria significantly increased by ethanol feeding. Consequently C/PL ratio of ethanol group was significantly higher than that of control group. The analysis of mitochondrial PL composition showed that cardiolipin(CL) significantly increased by 2-AFF treatment in control group. Phosphatidyl choline(PC) significantly increased by ethanol feeding, whereas PC significanlty decreased and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) significantly increased by 2-AAF treatment. 2-AAF treatment also showed a significant increase in PE/PC ratio. Fatty acid patterns of mitochondria were also changed by either ethanol or 2-AAF although the severity of the changes was not great. These data suggest that the reduced mitochondrial ATPase activity in ethanol-AAF group may be a consequence of a changes in mitochondrial membrane lipid composition such as PE/PC ratio, C/PL ration and fatty acid patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 1985

The properties of lipids in cap and stalk of 'Koshin' (Shiitake, Lentinus edodes, withxpanded cap) were studied. It was also carried out that the characteristics of lipids in fresh 'Donko'(unexpanded cap) and the changes of lipids in those samples by various drying process. The total lipid (TL) content in the cap and stalk of 'Koshin' were 4.58% and 2.65% respectively. It was found that the contents of neutral lipids (NL, $46.7{\sim}48.8%$) and phospholipids (PL, $42.0{\sim}43.8%$) were high, while that of glycolipids(GL, $9.2{\sim}9.5%$) was low. The main lipid in NL was triacylglycerol (TG, $58.0{\sim}58.5%$) followed by sterolester (SE, $16.9{\sim}17.4%$), sterol (ST, $15.6{\sim}16.4%$), diacylglycerol (DG, $5.8{\sim}6.0%$) and monoacylglcerol (MG, $1.1{\sim}1.3%$). The main lipids in PL was phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE, $58.3{\sim}6.02%$) followed by phosphatidyl choline (PC, $17.3{\sim}19.5%$), cardiolipin (CA, $12.8{\sim}14.0%$) and lyso-phophatidyl choline (LPD, $4.8{\sim}6.6%$). Fatty acid composition was significantly different among TL, NL, GL and PL contained in cap and stalk. The main fatty acids was $C_{18:2}$ followed by $C_{16:0}$ and $C_{18:1}$ acids. The TL contents in cap and stalk of fresh 'Donko' were 3.7% and 2.5%. The changes of TL contents, PoV by drying were not almost observed. AV(acid value) of TL in the sun dried samples was a little lower than those of the fresh and hot air dried samples, on the contrary NL content in TL of the former was a little higher than those of the latters. The main lipid in NL of the three samples was TG followed by SE, ST, DG, MG and free fatty acid (FFA). In the above lipids, FFA contents in NL of the sun dried sample was a little higher than those of the fresh and hot air dried samples, but TG content in NL of former was a little lower than those of the latters. The main lipid in GL of the three samples was digalactosydiglycerol (DGDG) followed by acylsterylglucoside(ASG), sterylglucoside (SG), monogalactosyldiglycerol (MGD) and cerebroside (CER). Influence of drying on these lipid content were nol almost recognized. The main lipid in PL of the three samples was PE followed by PC, CA, LPC and phosphat idyl serine (PS). In the above lipids, PE and PC contents in PL of the sun dried one were a little lower than those of the fresh and hot air dried ones. The main fatty acid in TL, NL, GL and PL of the three samples was $C_{18:2}$ followed by $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1}$. The $C_{18:2}$ acid contents of the sun dried sample was a little lower than those of the fresh and hot air dried ones, while $C_{16:0}$ content of the former was a little higher than those of the former was a little lower than those of the latters.