• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.661-671
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• 1992

From March 1988 to May 1991, 140 CarboMedics cardiac valve prostheses[75 mitral, 9 aortic and 28 double aortic-mitral] were implanted in 112 consecutive patients[mean age 36.7$\pm$11.6 years, male/female 48/76] by one surgical team operating on adult cardiac patients at Kyoungpook University Hospital Associated Surgical procedures were performed in 19 patients[16.9%]. Total follow up represented 2,345 patient-months[mean 22.4 months] and was 100% complete. Eighty-two patients[73%] were in NYHA functional class IIIor IV preoperatively and 102 patients [95%] were in class I or II postoperatively. Hospital[30 day] mortality was 4.4%, [3/75 mitral, 1/9 aortic, 1/28 double valve replacement] and late death was 1.7%. [1 /74 mitral, 1 /28 double valve replacement] The actuarial survival at 36 months was 94.0% after mitral, 80% after aortic, 92% after double valve replacement, and 93.2% for the total group. The linearized incidence of valve relater death, prosthetic valve thrombosis, anticoagulant related hemorrhage, and reoperation was 1.00%/pt-yr, 0.51%/pt/yr, 0.51%/pt-yr, and 0.51%/pt-yr respectively. The 36 month rates of freedom from valve replated death, thromboembolism, endocarditis, anti-coagulant related hemorrages, and reoperation were 98.75%, 99.08%, 100%, 99.04%, and 99.08% respectively. The 36 month rate of freedom from all valve related complications and deaths including hospital mortality was 90.2%. These fact suggest that the CarboMedics heart valve has excellent short-term result, low incidence of valve-related complications and valve dysfunction, and additional long term follow up study is necessary.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1180-1190
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• 1990

96 patients underwent cardiac valve replacement for valvular heart diseases consecutively between February 1986 to February 1990 in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of Yeungnam University Hospital. The follow up period was between 6 months and 4.5 years postoperatively[mean 23.4$\pm$13.1 months]. 75 cases got mitral valve replacement, 6 cases, aortic valve replacement, 15 cases, double valve replacement. 30[31.2%] patients were male and 66[68.8%] were female and the age ranged from 14 to 66 years old. Early hospital death within 30 days postoperation were 5 patients[5.2%], consisting of by low cardiac output in 2, infective endocarditis in 1, multiple organ failure with sepsis in 1 patient. There was no late postoperative death. Most common early postoperative complication was wound disruption [8.7%] and then low cardiac output, pneumothorax, pleural effusion in order. Most common late postoperative complications were minor bleeding episodes[8.7%] related to anticoagulant therapy which were consisted of frequent epistaxis in 3, gum bleeding in 2, hemorrhagic gastritis in 1, hypermenorrhea in 1, hematoma in right arm in 1 patient. Valve-related complications included valve thrombosis [1.6%/ patient-year], valve failure due to pannus formation[1.1% /patient-year], prosthetic valve endocarditis[1, 1%o/patient-year] and minor anticoagulant hemorrhage[4.4% /patient-year]. 5 cases of reoperations were performed in 4 patients due to valve failure and all of them were in the mitral positions[2.7% /patient-year]. Cardiothoracic ratios in the chest X-ray decreased at the 6th month and 1st year postoperation in all patients. But in New York Heart Association[NYHA] functional class IV, no change in cardiothoracic ratio was found between 6 months and 1 year postoperation. In the echocardiogram, the size of the cardiac chambers decreased, but ejection fraction increased postoperatively in each functional class. In the electrocardiogram, decreases were found in the incidence of atrial fibrillation, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy with right bundle branch block increasing postoperatively in each functional class. The actuarial survival rate was 98.4% for all patients, 98.7% for mitral valve replacement, 83.8% for aortic valve replacement, and 80% for double valve replacement at the end of a 4.5 year follow up period. Meanwhile the actuarial freedom rate was 91.5% for prosthetic valve endocarditis, 91.6% for thromboembolism, 89.0% for prosthetic valve failure and 83.7% for minor anticoagulant hemorrhage. Preoperative NYHA class III and IV were 75% of all patients, but 95% of all patients were up graded to NYHA class I and II postoperatively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.554-564
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a self-management program based on INR monitoring for patients with cardiac valve replacement. Methods: This program was comprised of five weekly sessions based on Sousa's Enhance-Behavior Performance Model. The first session included individual teaching, and the other four sessions included Prothrombin Time International Normalized Ratios (PT INR) self-monitoring, telephone counseling and self-management checklist recording. Participants were patients who had cardiac valve replacement. They were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Sixteen in the experimental group participated in the self-management program and seventeen in the control group participated in general care. Self-management knowledge, self-efficacy, self-management behavior and PT INR were measured as dependent variables. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U-test, t-test and ANCOVA. Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher post-test scores in self-management knowledge (t=5.86, p<.001), self-efficacy (F=18.32, p<.001), and self-management behavior (t=3.44, p=.002) compared to the control group. Also, the experimental group showed significantly higher frequency in maintaining the treatment range of PT INR compared to the control group (${\chi}^2=4.80$, p=.028). Conclusion: The results of the research on the self-management program based on PT INR monitoring showed that it is effective in improving self-management knowledge, self-efficacy, and self-management behavior as well as maintaining treatment range of PT INR of patients with cardiac valve replacement.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.35-38
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• 2018

Recently assessment of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) level has become a useful cardiac biomarker in human medicine. This study compared serum ST2 levels and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels between healthy dogs and dogs with chronic mitral valve disease. Twenty client-owned dogs were investigated. Dogs were divided into normal, asymptomatic, and symptomatic groups. Serum samples were used to measure levels of NT-proBNP and ST2. Samples for NT-proBNP were sent to IDEXX laboratory for analysis while ST2 levels were measured by using a canine interleukin 33 receptor ELISA kit. There was a significant difference in NT-proBNP levels between asymptomatic and symptomatic groups (P < 0.01), and between normal and symptomatic groups (P < 0.01). In contrast, ST2 levels were not relatively different between asymptomatic and symptomatic groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference was observed among all groups in ST2 study. The usefulness of measuring NT-proBNP level as a cardiac biomarker in dogs with chronic mitral valve disease was confirmed, but usefulness of the ST2 level was not observed. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the potential usefulness of ST2 level as a cardiac biomarker in canines.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.498-505
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• 1983

It has been over 20 years since successful operations of Cardiac valves at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery, college of medicine, Yonsei University. About six hundreds of patients with severely symptomatic valvular heart disease have had valve operations with complete loss or sharp decrease in their cardiac symptoms since 1956. As the number of cardiac patient increases, reoperation on valves assumes greater importance. To define the group of patients undergoing reoperations on valves and the factors influencing their survival, we have reviewed our experiences of the reoperation on valves at the Yonsei University, Severance Hospital. This is a report of 29 cases which was undergone secondary or more surgery for valvular heart disease from 1966 to 1983. The primary operations includes 159 cases of open heart surgery from 1966 to 1975 and 476 cases from 1976 to march, 1983. The secondary operations are classified into groups of secondary valvuloplasty or valvotomy [8 cases], prosthetic valve replacement following valvuloplasty or valvotomy [14 cases] and prosthetic valve rereplacement [2 case] for such as calcification, degeneration and perforation of the cusps and paravalvular leakage, of the bioprosthetic valves. The leading indication for reoperation of mitral valve was restenosis or stenoinsufficiency, The indications of aortic valve replacement was active bacterial endocarditis, medically uncontrollable prosthetic endocarditis or paravalvular leakage. Overall death rate of the reoperation was 17.4% [5 death among the 29 patients] and the leading causes of death were myocardial failure, arrhythmia, cerebral embolism, acute renal failure due to low output syndrome. And it was followed by sepsis associated with active prosthetic endocarditis. The death rate of reoperation was 4.3% in the elective cases except urgent cases and the death rate of overall cardiac valve except reoperation cases was 4.1% in the last two years. Although the general mortality of reoperation was high, both mortality rates were comparable except emergency cases due to urgent preoperative patient’s condition.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.241-242
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• 1998

For the aritificial heart valve, two types of valves-polymer and mechanical valve- are generally used. The polymer valve is used as a new low-cost artificial valve. Among the several properties of the artificial valve, the low-regurgitation property is important because it can provide better cardiac output characteristic. So in this study we analyzed and compared the regurgitation property of the mechanical valve which is generally used nowdays and the polymer valve which was made in our group. As results, the polymer valve showed the better regurgitation property compared to the mechanical valve approximately by 3 times, and increased the cardiac output by 10%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 1991

From January 1984 to June 1990, 188 patients have undergone cardiac valve replacement [114 MVR, 27 AVR, 47 Multiple valve replacement] with the St. Jude Medical prosthesis. The early mortality rate was 6.9%. The most common cause of early death was low output syndrome. There were no cases of valve-related early death. The risk factors for early death were advanced preoperative NYHA functional class [> IV], and prolonged ECC and ACC time. The 175 early survivors were followed-up for a total 372.7 patient-year over a period of 2 to 74 months [Mean $\pm$SD: 25.6$\pm$18.6 months]. During follow up, 12 patient died and late mortality rate was 6.9%. There were three valve-related late deaths: two were due to valve thrombosis and one was due to hemorrhage. Most late deaths [58%, 7/12] were from cardiac non-valvular causes. Valve-related complications occurred at a linearlized rate of 3.5% /pt-yr. Embolism occurred at a rate of 0.8% /pt-yr. There were three cases of valve thrombosis [0.8% /pt-yr: two fatal]. Hemorrhage due to anticoagulant occurred in 5 patients and a rate of 1.3% pt-yr [one fatal]. Five-year actuarial survival rate was 86.5 $\pm$5.1% and 97% of patient were in NYHA functional class I or II at three months postoperatively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.398-406
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• 1985

103 cases of open heart surgery were performed in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital in 1984. There were 90 congenital cardiac anomaly and 13 acquired heart diseases. Out of 90 congenital cardiac anomaly, 63 cases of acyanotic group and 27 cases of cyanotic group were noted. In 63 cases of acyanotic group, 11 ASD, 45 VSD and 7 other acyanotic anomaly were included. In 27 cases of cyanotic group, 4 Trilogy of Fallot, 15 TOF, 3 Pentalogy of Gasul and 5 other cyanotic anomaly were found. Among 13 cases of acquired heart diseases, 12 valvular lesions and 1 atrial myxoma were noted. Two open mitral commissurotomy and ten valve replacements were performed for 12 valve lesions. The frequent complications were acute respiratory insufficiency and low cardiac output syndrome occurred in 5 cases. The perioperative mortality was 4.8% in acyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly, 7.4% in cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly, and 0% in acquired heart diseases. Overall mortality for 103 cases of open heart surgery was 4.9%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.481-487
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• 2008

A 17-month-old intact male Cocker Spaniel was presented with primary complaints of severe ascites, exercise intolerance, and diarrhea. Diagnostic studies revealed tricuspid and pulmonic regurgitation on phonocardiogram, right ventricular enlargement on the electrocardiogram, typical right cardiac enlargement signs on the thoracic radiography and tricuspid valve malformation and marked enlargement of the right atrium and right ventricle on the echocardiography and tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation on the color spectral echocardiography, suggesting tricuspid valve dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Using angiography and cardiac catheterization, pulmonary hypertension was ruled out. Further echocardiographic study revealed membranous valvular structures cranial to pulmonary annulus causing pulmonary regurgitation. Based on these findings on the diagnostic investigation, the case was diagnosed as tricuspid valve dysplasia complicated with pulmonic regurgitation. The dog was medically managed with furosemide, enalapril, nitroglycerine transdermal patch and pimobendan after the ascitic fluid removal.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.399-406
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• 1986

131 cases of open heart surgery were performed in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital in 1985. There were 116 congenital cardiac anomaly and 15 acquired heart diseases. Out of 116 congenital cardiac anomaly, 73 cases of acyanotic group and 43 cases of cyanotic group were noted. In 73 cases of acyanotic group, 17 ASD, 52 VSD and 4 other acyanotic anomaly were noticed. In 43 cases of cyanotic group, 4 Trilogy of Fallot, 34 TOF, 1 Pentalogy, 3 DORV and 1 DCRV were included. Of the 15 acquired valvular heart disease cases, individual incidence was in mitral valve 10, double valve 3, and simple aortic valve 2 cases. Total number of valve replaced was 16, and 13 for mitral, 2 for aortic, and 1 for tricuspid in position, including 1 cases of double valve replacement. Overall operative mortality for 131 cases of open heart surgery was 4.5%, and the operative mortality was 5.5% in congenital acyanotic group, 2.3% in congenital cyanotic group, 0% in TOF group and 6.7% in acquired group.