• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2015

Background: The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), which is based on the Demand-Control-Support model, is designed to measure the psychosocial characteristics of the respondent's work, and has been identified to predict health and psychological outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of this instrument and the subsequent adaptation of its scales to the population of Greek health workers. Methods: The Greek version of the JCQ was developed by using forward- and back-translation in accordance with the JCQ policy. The reliability and validity of the measure were investigated in a sample of health workers working in a hospital in Athens, Greece. The internal consistency of the scales was examined based on Cronbach ${\alpha}$ coefficients, and the validity was evaluated subjecting the items of the three main scales of the JCQ (decision latitude, psychological job demands, and social support) to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The reliability of the scales was found to be acceptable for all the scales, except for the skill discretion subscale. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a slightly modified version of the original construct including several items to more than one factor. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the Greek JCQ is reliable and valid for investigating psychosocial job characteristics among Greek health workers.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2005

We studied the effects of trazodone on arterial blood pressure in anesthesized guinea pigs, and on vascular responses in isolated thoracic aorta. Trazodone produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) rings, but not in a KCl-precontracted aortic rings. These relaxant effects of trazodone on +E rings were significantly greater than those on denuded (-E) rings. The trazodone-induced relaxation was suppressed by glibenclamide and tetrabutylammonium, but not by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue (MB), nifedipine, indomethacin, 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC) and clotrimazole. In vivo, infusion of trazodone elicited a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure. Trazodone-induced blood pressure lowering was markedly inhibited by intravenous pretreatment of prazosin but not by pretreatment of saponin, L-NNA, L-NAME, MB, nifedipine, glibenclamide, clotrimazole and NCDC. In addition, trazodone produced an increase in twitch force of isolated papillary muscle and left ventricular pressure of perfused heart. These findings suggest that the endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of trazodone may be explained by activation of $Ca^{2+}$-activated and ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels, and the hypotensive effect of trazodone is not associated with cardiac contraction.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.244-257
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• 2017

Nutrition labeling can provide information in order for people to select products suitable for their own health, and sodium content labeling for processed foods is important since sodium is one of the main causes of cardiac diseases. This study had carried out to propose the desirable sodium content labeling by conducting surveys on the awareness of sodium content in processed foods, understanding of sodium content labeling, and requirements for new sodium comparative claims. The survey period was from 12th of September, 2016 through the 24th, during which a self-administered questionnaire survey was given to 1,003 persons through demographic quota sampling by age and region. As a result of the survey, 66.0% of respondents assuring nutrition labeling answered they check sodium content labeling, whereas 83.2% were aware of excessive intake of sodium having a negative effect on health. Exactly 49.9% of respondents answered that the current system for nutrition labeling on processed foods does not help one to understand the content of sodium, whereas 72.9% answered they wanted to compare sodium contents with those of other products when buying or taking processed foods. As 92.5% cited the importance of sodium comparative claims made by processed foods, preparation of a new system for food labeling should be considered by which consumers can easily compare sodium contents with those of other similar products.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2017

An accident during pilotage may cause several problems such as crippling the harbour function, environmental disruption, loss of life. Since the pilot plays an important role in the safe operation of the port, securing their safety is directly connected to the vessel's safety coming into port in Korea. Pilotage service is offered on request without distinction of day and night. And traveling by helicopter and boarding/disembarking using a pilot ladder from and to a pilot boat have a high risk of falling into the sea. So, pilots can fall into the sea while boarding/disembarking from ship which can lead to serious injury by cardiac arrest. A number of pilots have died or severely injured due to fall from the pilot ladder during embarkation and disembarkation up to now. Current safety measures at embarkation and disembarkation required by pilotage act and IMO resolutions could not prevent all the pilot related accidents. Therefore, to prevent pilot accident during boarding/disembarking from ship, it is necessary to include safety training requirement for new pilots under the requirements for licensing of pilotage act. It is also necessary to compel pilots to take necessary personal protective equipment when they use a pilot ladder. In addition, the placement of emergency kit on pilot boats and first-aid training are required in order to deal with emergency situation promptly.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-111
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• 2022

연구 목적: 병원 밖 심정지(OHCA)에서 자동제세동기(AED)의 사용은 환자의 생존율을 향상시킨다. 싱가포르는 절도를 막고자 공공 AED를 '브레이크 글래스' 기전의 잠금 박스로 보호하고 있는데 지역사회 대응자들은 AED를 회수하기 위해 유리를 깨면서 부상을 당하곤 했다. 최초로 시도한 본 연구는 성공적인 AED 회수에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 밝히고 만연한 부상을 문서화하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 설문지를 작성, 배포하였다. 참가자는 지난 12개월 동안 OHCA에 대처한 자들이다. 비교 검정은 피셔-프리만-할턴 정확 검정 또는 피어슨 카이제곱 검정을 사용하여 5% 유의 수준에서 시행되었고, 로짓링크함수를 사용하여 다중로지스틱회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과: 88명의 참가자가 적격했다. 성공적인 AED의 회수는 직업, 연령, 성별 및 시간 영향을 받지 않았다. myResponder 앱의 활성화로 OHCA에 대응했던 참가자들은 성공적으로 AED를 회수할 가능성이 높았다. (AOR 11.111, 95% CI: 2.141-58.824) 결 론: 모바일 myResponder 앱을 활용할 경우 AED회수 성공률이 훨씬 높았다. AED의 성공적 회수는 시간 뿐만 아니라 이용자의 성별, 연령, 직업과 무관했다. 싱가포르에서 지역사회 대응자들은 부상 위험에도 불구하고 심정지에 대응할 적극적 자세가 되어 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.352-356
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• 2016

Objective : The efficacy and safety of manual aspiration thrombectomy using Penumbra in an acute occlusion of large intracranial arteries has been proven in many previous studies. Our study aimed to retrospectively assess the efficacy and safety of manual aspiration thrombectomy using Penumbra in patients with small vessel occlusions (M2 segment of the MCA). Methods : We conducted a retrospective review of 32 patients who underwent manual aspiration thrombectomy using the Penumbra 4 MAX Reperfusion Catheter for treatment of an M2 occlusion between January 2013 and November 2014. We evaluated immediate angiographic results and clinical outcomes through review of patient electronic medical records. Results : There were slightly more men in this study (M : F=18 : 14) and the median age was 72.5 (age range : 41-90). The rate of successful recanalization (TICI grade ${\geq}2b$) was 84% (27/32). NIHSS at discharge and favorable clinical outcomes at 3 months were significantly improved than baseline. Median initial NIHSS score was 10 (range : 4-25) and was 4 (range : 0-14) at discharge. Favorable clinical outcomes (mRS score ${\leq}2$ at 3 months) were seen in 25 out of 32 patients (78%). There were no procedure-related symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages. One patient expired after discharge due to a cardiac problem. Conclusion : Manual aspiration thrombectomy might be safe and is capable of achieving a high rate of successful recanalization and favorable clinical outcomes in patients with distal cerebral vessel occlusion (M2).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1994

1992-1993년 호남지방의 4개 양계장에서 처음으로 닭의 Leucocytozoon caulleryi 자연감염증을 보이는 87수를 검색하였는데, 임상증세와 혈액내 merozoite 및 gametocyte 검출 그리고 내장기관으로부터 schizont의 발견으로 본 질병을 확증할 수 있었다. 본 감염증은 일년 중 6월 하순부터 9월 중순까지에 발견되었으며, 자연감염된 혈액(merozoite포함)을 미감염된 닭에 접종하여 인공감염상을 볼 수 있었다. 자연감염후 회복된 닭중 1수는 12월에 간에서, 또 다른 1수는 다음해 2월에 심장 근육에서 schizont가 발견되어 본 감염증의 재발이나 동절기를 지나는 장기간 감염 가능성을 보여 주었다. 본 원충의 gametocyte 추출물에서 특이 항원 항체 반응을 보이는 polypeptide는 50.1kD이었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.350-352
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• 2017

최근 가상현실(VR)이 IT기술의 화두로 떠오르고 있다. 가상현실 기술은 처음엔 게임, 영화, 스포츠, 테마파크와 같이 엔터테인먼트 목적으로 개발되는 경우가 많았으나 점차 교육, e-커머스, 헬스케어 등 다수의 산업으로 확대되어 관련 시장의 확산에 따른 파급효과는 매우 클 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 VR을 접목한 안전교육 콘텐츠도 급부상 하고 있다. 하지만 아직까지도 우리나라의 안전 교육에 대한 프로그램 활성도는 미미한 수준이다. 제세동기를 이용한 급성 심정지 환자 구출은 가장 대표적인 안전 교육중 하나이지만 2014년 기준 국내에서 자동 제세동기를 사용하여 환자의 생명을 구한 공식적인 사례는 단 한건으로 자동 제세동기의 사용 실적이 매우 저조함을 알 수 있다. 자동제세동기 사용성과 접근성 확장을 위한 사용법 및 중요성 숙지 교육이 필요한 현황이지만 이러한 안전 교육을 단순한 이론 교육에서 끝마칠 뿐 체험 교육 마련이 쉬운 일이 아니다. 본 논문에서는 언제든지 자유롭게 효과적으로 훈련을 받을 수 있는 가상현실을 이용한 자동 제세동기 훈련 시뮬레이션을 제안한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2013

Problem solving and/or decision making process usually encountered in human living consists of a sequence of human behaviors based upon his/her knowledge. Thus, Rasmussen introduced Skill-Rule-Knowledge paradigm to countermeasure human errors that can occur in Nuclear Power Plants. Unfortunately however, it was not so easy as expected since objective evidence have not been obtainable with conventional research techniques. With the help of EEG band pawer ratio techniques, this study tried to get psycho-physiological symptoms of human errors, if any, while human beings perform knowledge-based behaviors such as simple arithmetic computations with different difficulty level. A set of simulated works was carried out with a computer station. Four kinds of arithmetic computation tasks were given to 10 health male under-graduate students on different day individually, and during the experiment, EEG and ECG was measured continuously for objective psycho-physiological analysis. According to the results, ${\alpha}$/(${\alpha}+{\beta}$) as well as ${\alpha}/{\beta}$ band power ratio were sensitive to task difficulty level which consistently decreased both. However, any one of them failed to reveal the influence of tasks with different difficulty level in the aspect of task duration time. On the contrary, Heart Rate Variability was more suggestive than expected. To make a conclusion, it can be said that band power of EEG waves will be helpful in not only assessment of work difficulty level but also assessment of workers' skill development if supported by cardiac function such as HRV.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2022

Background: Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods: We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t-test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results: Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15; p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta = -0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta = -0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta = -0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion: Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty.