• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2011

Xerostomia is subjective feeling of dry mouth, a symptom that may or may not be accompanied by hyposalivation, an objective decrease in salivary flow. There are many causes induced xerostomia like drugs, salivary gland diseases, radiation therapy to the head and neck region, Sjogren syndrome, emotional stress etc. Insufficient salivary flow creates complications with oral candidiasis, dental caries, periodontitis, halitosis, dysgeusia. So finally, these complications lead to an overall decline in quality of life. Managements of xerostomia are eliminating or alterating the etiologic factors, relieving symptoms, preventing or correcting the consequences of salivary dysfunction, treating underlying disease and stimulating salivation. One of the salivation stimulation agents studied to treat xerostomia was the pilocarpine muscarinic agonist. Pilocarpine is one of salivation stimulants, a parasympathomimetic drug and non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist. Systemic pilocarpine has been used to stimulate salivary secretion. But systemic administration of pilocarpine has limitations such as increased risk of side effects and contraindications. Side effects of systemic pilocarpine administration are sweating, urinary and gastrointestinal disturbance, risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders. This drug must be used carefully by patients with controlled asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary or cardiac disease. Patient with acute asthma, narrow angle glaucoma, iritis should not use pilocarpine. Like this, systemic pilocarpine has many limitations. So, many investigators also have looked at the effectiveness of topical pilocarpine. Here we present patients with xerostomia which was relieved by pilocarpine mouthwash.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.62-76
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• 2002

This study was designed to construct a structural model for health promoting behavior of patients with chronic disease. The hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review and Pender's health promotion model. Method: Data was collected by questionnaires from 1748 patients with chronic disease in General Hospital from December 1999 to July 2000 in Seoul. The disease of subject were cardiac disease included hypertension peptic ulcer, pulmonary disease included COPD and asthma, DM, and chronic kidney disease. Data analysis was done with SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance structural analysis. Results: 1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, it was modified by excluding 4 path and including free parameters to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data (χ2=591.83, p<.0001, GFI=0.97, AGFI= 0.94, NNFI=0.95, RMSR=0.01, RMSEA=0.05). 2. The perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self- esteem, and the plan for action were found to have significant direct effect on health promoting behavior of chronic disease. 3. The health concept, health perception, emotional state, social support were found to have indirect effects on health promoting behavior of chronic disease. Conclusion: The derived model in this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior of patients with chronic disease. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested implication in nursing practice.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.832-836
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• 2009

Plastic bronchitis is a rare disorder characterized by the formation of extensive, obstructing endobronchial casts. It is associated with asthma and complex cardiac defects such as those requiring the Fontan procedure. The treatment of plastic bronchitis comprises conventional therapy involving spontaneous expectoration and bronchoscopic removal and specific therapy with several new drugs. Herein, we describe the cases of 2 patients diagnosed with plastic bronchitis accompanied with a different underlying disease, which were treated with inhaled corticosteroid and low-dose oral clarithromycin.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.752-759
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• 1995

Background: Bronchial asthma is characterized by noctunal dyspnea, cough and wheezing because of airway hyperresponsiveness to nonspecific stimuli. These symptoms and signs are also observed in patients with congestive heart failure. Therefore, this is so called "cardiac asthma". There are lots of experimental and clinical datas to suggest that airway dysfunctions occur in acute and chronic congestive heart failure. However, it is still controversial whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness is present in patients with congestive heart failure. To assess whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness is present in patients with congestive heart failure and to demonstrate the relationship between bronchial responsiveness and vascular pressure, we performed methacholine provocation test in 11 patients with mitral valvular heart disease. Methods: All patients were in the New York Heart Association functional class II and treated continuously with digoxin and/or dichlozid and/or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor except one patient. All patients were undergone right and left side heart catheterization for hemodynamic measurements. A 20 percent fall of peak expiratory flow rate were considered as positive response to methacholine provocation test. Results: 1) Only one patient who has normal pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index was positive in methacholine provocation test. 2) Their mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were $21.72{\pm}9.70mmHg$, $15.45{\pm}8.69mmHg$ respectively which were significantly higher. Conclusion: It is speculated that in stable congestive heart failure patients, bronchial responsiveness as assessed by methacholine provocation test may not be increased.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2001

Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic fungus that has been used as a Chinese medicine for the treatment of fatigue, debility, kidney disease, tuberculosis, asthma and cardiac insufficiency etc. This study was carried out to determine the antioxidative and antimutagenic effects of Cordyceps militaris using DPPH free radical donating method and Ames test, respectively. They were extracted with ethanol and then further fractionated to n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water, stepwise. Among five fractions, the EtOAc and BuOH fractions showed the highest electron donating activities, about 2-fold higher than other fractions. In Ames test, most of the extracts had strong antimutagenic effects against the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), benzo($\alpha$)pyrene(B($\alpha$)P) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol (Trp-P-1). The EtOH extracts of C. militaris (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate) showed 62.8%, 74.4% and 67.2% inhibitory effects on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO, B($\alpha$)P and Trp-P-1, respectively, against TA98 strain, whereas 78.1%, 78.6%, 78.6% and 82.7% inhibition were observed on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG, 4NQO, B($\alpha$)P and Trp-P-1, respectively, against TA100 strain. Especially, the BuOH fraction showed the highest antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by MNNG.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.606-613
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• 1996

Cardiac transplantation has been the treatment of patients with end-stage heart disease since it was first performed in 1967. In Korea the first case was performed in 1992 and 42 patients underwent heart trans- plantation so far. The purpose of this article is to report short-term result of cardiac transplantation at our center. Between April 1994 and September 1995, 14 patients had undergone orthotopic heart transplantations. There was 12 male and 2 female patients. Mea recipient age was 34 years(range 11 to 54 years) and mean donor age was 28.4 years(16 to 50 years). Mean graft ischemic time was 120.7minutes(80 to 280 minutes). The follow-up period after transplantation was 11 months(3 to 17 months). Recipient diagnosis included dilated cardiomyopathy in 10, ischemic cardiomyopathy in 2, valvular cardiomyopathy in 1, congenital complex heart disease in 1 patient. The preoperative status of the recipients were state I (50%) and ll (50%) by UNOS classification and class 111 (5 patients) and class IV (9) by NYHA functional class. All patients were treated with triple-drug immunosuppression (cyclosporine, azathioprine, steroid) and induction with RATG. The rejection episodes were 5 times in 3 patients during the follow-up. Causes of infection were aspergillosis (2), and hepes zoster (1), CMV pneumonitis (1). Permanent pace- maker was inserted in 1 patient. Currently 9 patients are alive with seven patients in WYHA functional class I and two in class l . The ejection fraction increased from preoperative value of 19.9 $\pm$ 3.4% to postoperative value of 69.0 $\pm$ 5.6%. The causes of death were cellular rejection (1),chronic graft failure due to size-mismatching (1),respirat- oxy insufficiency due to asthma attack (1), subarachnoid hemorrhage (1), and RIO humoral rejection (1).