• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1978

Carcinoembryonic antigen was initially known as tumor specific antigen and had a potential diagnostic value in the detection of digestive tract malignancies. However, subsequent studies showed CEA and CEA-like antigen present in benign disease, particullary in liver. We had collected sera from 58 patients who had liver scan and later were diagnosed clinically and histologically as liver disease. We estimated CEA values and correlations were made with liver function tests in liver cirrhosis cases. The results: 1) The raised plasma carcinoembryonic antigen level were found in 13 (68.4%) of 19 patients in liver cirrhosis, 5(27.8%) of 18 patients in hepatoma, 5(71. %) of 7 patients in chronic active hepatitis, all 3 patients in liver abscesses, 2(66.7%) of 3 patients in liver ablscesses, 2(66.7%) of 3 patients in obstructive biliary disease and none in each one patient of traumatic liver hematoma, subphrenic abscess and clonorchiasis. 2) There is no linear correlation between carcinoembryodic antigen level and liver function tests including serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and prothrombin time in liver cirrhosis patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2017

Background: This study was conducted to investigate preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Methods: Between January 2000 and July 2011, 1298 patients with primary adenocarcinoma colorectal cancer without metastasis, who underwent curative resection were retrospectively identified. The patients were divided into two groups according to serum CEA level at primary diagnosis: a high CEA (HCEA) group (serum CEA ${\geq}6ng/mL$) and a normal CEA (NCEA) group (serum CEA <6 ng/mL). A 1:1 propensity score matching analysis was applied to reduce bias. Finally, 364 patients were enrolled in this study. Matched variables were age, gender, preoperative chemoradiotherapy, tumor site, cell differentiation and pathologic stage. Results: The clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups did not differ significantly difference. The systemic metastasis rate was 16.5% (30/182) and 25.3% (46/182) in the NCEA and HCEA groups, respectively (p=0.039). There were no significant differences in local recurrence or metastatic sites between groups. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of the HCEA group was worse than that of the NCEA group; however, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. Conclusion: Elevated preoperative CEA was related to frequent systemic recurrence and low DFS. Therefore, elevated preoperative CEA could be considered a prognostic factor for worse clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1408-1413
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• 2005

Elevated expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been implicated in various biological aspects of neoplasia such as tumor cell adhesion, metastasis, blocking of cellular immune mechanisms, and antiapoptosis function. Thus, the CEA could be an important target for anticancer therapy. In this study, we developed Tetrahymena group 1 intron-based trans-splicing ribozymes that can specifically target and replace CEA RNA. To this end, we first determined which regions of the CEA RNA were accessible to ribozymes by employing an RNA mapping strategy that was based on a trans-splicing ribozyme library. Next, we assessed the ribozyme activities by comparing the trans-splicing activities of several ribozymes that targeted different regions of the CEA RNA, and then the ribozyme that could target the most accessible site was observed to be the most active with high fidelity in vitro. Moreover, the specific trans-splicing ribozyme was found to react with and altered the target CEA transcripts in mammalian cells with high fidelity. These results suggest that the Tetrahymena ribozyme can be utilized to replace CEA RNAs in tumors with a new RNA-harboring anticancer activity, thereby hopefully reverting the malignant phenotype.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2015

Background: A raised carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) may be associated with significant pathology during the postoperative follow-up of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 305 patients who underwent surgical resections for primary lung adenocarcinoma at a single institution between April 2006 and February 2013. Results: Preoperative CEA levels were significantly associated with age, smoking history, pathologic stage including pT (pathologic tumor stge), pN (pathologic nodal stage) and overall pathological stage, tumor size and differentiation, pathologically positive total lymph node, N1 and N2 lymph node, N2 nodal station (0/1/2=1.83/2.94/7.21 ng/mL, p=0.019), and 5-year disease-free survival (0.591 in group with normal preoperative CEA levels vs. 0.40 in group with high preoperative CEA levels, p=0.001). Preoperative CEA levels were significantly higher than postoperative CEA levels (p<0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Postoperative CEA level was also significantly associated with disease-free survival (p<0.001). A follow-up serum CEA value of >2.57 ng/mL was found to be the appropriate cutoff value for the prediction of cancer recurrence with sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 72.3%, respectively. Twenty percent of patients who had recurrence of disease had a CEA level elevated above this cutoff value prior to radiographic evidence of recurrence. Postoperative CEA, pathologic stage, differentiation, vascular invasion, and neoadjuvant therapy were identified as independent predictors of 5-year disease-free survival in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The follow-up CEA level can be a useful tool for detecting early recurrence undetected by postoperative imaging studies. The perioperative follow-up CEA levels may be helpful for providing personalized evaluation of lung adenocarcinoma.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2005

Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is well-known soluble tumor marker frequently detectable in peripheral blood of carcinoma patients and considered as good target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. However, it is known that the induction of immune response to CEA is very difficult because CEA is a self-antigen expressed in fetal cells and weakly expressed in normal colorectal epithelial cells. To enhance anti-tumor immunity specific for CEA, recombinant CEA protein was modified using listeriolysin O (LLO) for endosomal lysis and trans activator of transcription (Tat) domain for transducing extracellular proteins into cytoplasm. Methods: After immunization using dendritic cells pulsed with Tat-CEA, both Tat-CEA and LLO, and both Tat-CEA and Tat-LLO, antibody titer to CEA and LLO, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity and the frequency of IFN-${\gamma}$ producing T lymphocytes were measured. Results: Immunization using DC pulsed with both Tat-CEA and Tat-LLO protein showed the increasement of production of CEA-specific antibody in serum, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, the frequency of IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting T cells, compared with DC pulsed with both Tat-CEA and LLO. Furthermore the ratio of CD8+T cell to $CD4^+$ cell among CEA-specific T cells was increased in group pulsed with both Tat-CEA and Tat-LLO. Conclusion: These results suggested that DC vaccine using Tat-LLO could be used for the development of effective immunotherapy for the treatment of tumor.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2003

Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is well-known soluble tumor marker frequently detectable in peripheral blood of carcinoma patients and considered as good target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. In this study, we used a replication-deficient adenovirus containing CEA to study CTL induction in vitro after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into DC. Methods: DC were obtained from mouse bone marrow and cultured with IL-4 and GM-CSF. For measuring CTL activity, splenocytes were harvested from the mice, which were immunized with DC that had been infected AdV-CEA or pulsed with CEA peptide. Untreated DC was used as a control. Splenocytes were re-stimulated in vitro with DC pulsed with CEA peptide for 7 days and CTL activity with CEA peptide-pulsed EL-4 cells were assessed in a standard $^{51}Cr$-release assay. The frequencies of antigen-specific cytokine-secreting T cell were determined with $mIFN-{\gamma}$ELISPOT. Results: DC infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing CEA induced CEA-specific CTL responses in vivo. Splenocyte induced from mice immunized with AdV-CEA-infected DC increase in the number of $IFN-{\gamma}$ secreting T cells compared with those from mice immunized with CEA peptide-pulsed DC. Conclusion: These results suggested that DC infected with recombinant adenovirus has advantages over other forms of vaccination and could provide an alternative approach vaccination therapies.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and type of work in the shipbuilding industry. Methods: 1,072 final study subjects were admitted to a general hospital from April through July 2010 for the purpose of medical examination. Data on general characteristics such as age, smoking history, alcohol history and exercise habits was gathered through structured self-administered questionnaires. Information on job factors was collected from a medical examination, by interview and through company personnel data. Serum CEA levels were measured after eight hours' fasting and were analyzed by a radioimmunoassay. Results: On univariate analysis, the mean serum CEA level was significantly higher among married (p=0.02), older age (p<0.01), longer work time (p<0.01), smokers (p<0.01), lower education (p<0.01), and indirect and direct exposure groups (p<0.01). On multiple regression analysis, serum CEA level was influenced by smoking (p=0.001), duration of work (p=0.019), and direct exposure group (p<0.001). However, among the direct exposure group, serum CEA level was not significantly different between welding, mounting, electro-device constructive work, grinding and cleaning, and painting. Conclusions: The goal of this research was to determine if there were differences between serum CEA levels according to occupational role among shipyard workers. The direct exposure group of shipyard workers had a relatively higher level of serum CEA than did the indirect exposure group and office workers, most likely due to occupational exposure.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 1999

목적 : 자궁경부암의 치료후의 재발이나 병소의 지속을 발견하기 위한 종양표지자로서의 squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC) 와 carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) 의 의의를 확인하고 향후의 치료시에 참고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 10월부터 1998년 8월까지 단국대학병원 치료방사선과에서 원발성 자궁경부암으로 근치적 방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자 중 22례를 대상으로 하였고 방사선치료전에 MRI 나 초음파를 시행하여 종양의 체적을 구하였으며 방사선치료 전에 SCC 와 CEA를 측정하였고 치료 후에도 주기적으로 SCC 와 CEA를 측정 하여 분석 하였다 결과 : 방사선 치료전에 측정한 SCC 치는 전체 22례 중 68.2$\%$ 에서 상승되어 있었으며, CEA 치는 측정이 이루어진 21례 중 19.0$\%$에서 상승되어 있었다. 종괴의 부피와 치료전의 SCC 치의 관련성은 극단적으로 벗어난 1례를 제외하면 상관계수가 0.59382 로 상당히 컸다. 종괴의 부피증가에 따른 CEA 치의 증가경향은 없었다. 치료후의 SCC 치는 9.1$\%$ 에서 CEA 치는 측정이 이루어진 21례 중 4.8$\%$ 에서 상승되어 있었다. 방사선치료 전에SCC 치가 상승되어 있었던 15례 중 14례에서 완전관해의 소견을 보였으며 그 14례 중 SCC 치가 정상 범위로 낮아진 경우가 13례(92.9$\%$) 였다. SCC 치가 치료 전에 상승되어 있다가 치료 후에 정상화 된 13례 중 5례에서 SCC 치의 정상 범위 이상의 재상승이 나타났는데 그 중 4례는 국소실패(3례) 혹은 국소 및 주변 림프절 실패(1례) 였고 나머지 1례는 임상적으로 무병상태(NED) 이다. 따라서 재발과 관련된 SCC 치 상승의 민감도는 100$\%$, 특이도는 93.8$\%$, 양성예측도는 85.7$\%$ 였다. SCC 의 재상승이 있은 후 임상적 재발을 발견할 때까지의 시간차이(lead time) 는 평균 1.2개월이었다. CEA 는 치료전 높았던 4례 모두에서 치료 후 완전 관해시에 정상화 되었고 이들 중 재발한 경우는 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 SCC 와 CEA 는 치료전의 값이 상승되어 있었던 경우는 치료에 대한 반응과 재발을monitor 하는데 좋은 종양표지자로 나타났다. 그러나 치료전 SCC 치가 민감도가 높은데 비해 CEA 치는 민감도가 낮으며 CEA 와 SCC 를 모두 측정한 경우가 SCC 만 측정한 경우에 비해 예후의 관찰에 유리한 점이 없었다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels to detect gastric cancer recurrence. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 154 patients who developed recurrence within 2 years after curative gastric cancer surgery and analyzed the relationship between postoperative CEA and CA19-9 levels and recurrence. We readjusted the cut-off values to improve the detection of recurrence. Subgroup analysis according to clinicopathologic variables was performed to further investigate the relationship between recurrence and CEA and CA19-9 levels. Results: The sensitivity and specificity for elevated CEA levels to detect recurrence were 40.6% and 89.5%, respectively, and those for CA19-9 were 34.2% and 93.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for elevation of either tumor marker were 54.3% and 84.0%, respectively; those for elevation of both tumor markers were 19.2% and 98.4%, respectively. By readjusting the cut-off values from 5.0 ng/ml to 5.2 ng/ml for CEA and from 37.00 U/ml to 30.0 U/ml for CA19-9, the sensitivity was increased from 34.2% to 40.2% for CA19-9, while there was no increase in sensitivity for CEA. In subgroup analysis, the sensitivity of CEA was higher in patients with elevated preoperative CEA levels than in patients with normal preoperative CEA levels (86.7% versus 33.7%; P<0.001). Furthermore, the sensitivity of CA19-9 was higher in patients with elevated preoperative CA19-9 levels than in patients with normal preoperative CA19-9 levels (82.61% versus 26.83%; P<0.001). Conclusions: CEA and/or CA19-9 measurement with the readjusted cut-off values allows for more effective detection of gastric cancer recurrence.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 2010

Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The characteristic pathological finding is the presence of non-caseating granulomas. The lungs are primarily affected, however other organs may be involved causing various symptoms and ambiguous laboratory findings can be present. There are a few reported cases of sarcoidosis with elevated tumor markers. We describe a 68-year-old woman presenting with sarcoidosis showing elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The possibility of cancer arising from serum CEA such as gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer and lung cancer was excluded. A transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrated a non-caseating granuloma without necrosis. As a result prescribed 30 mg prednisolone daily to the patient and serum CEA was decreased after 1 month of treatment. We report a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis with elevated serum CEA.