• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1598-1603
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• 2018

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate kenaf as a roughage source in vitro and its effects on meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean native) cattle. Methods: Three roughage materials, rice straw silage, ryegrass silage, and kenaf silage, were tested in a batch culture and feeding trial. Rumen fermentation parameters, including gas, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and ammonia were analyzed. In the feeding trial, Hanwoo steers ($373.5{\pm}5.1kg$, n = 36, 11 month of age) were divided into three feeding groups (n = 12 each). Animals were fed with each silage and concentrate until the fattening stage. Results: Crude protein, ether extract, and non-structural carbohydrates were greater in kenaf silage. Total gas production was higher in ryegrass silage, followed by kenaf silage and rice straw silage (p<0.05). Total VFA and individual VFA (acetate, propionate, and n-butyrate) were greater in kenaf silage than rice straw silage (p<0.05). In vitro dry matter digestibility showed a similar trend to that of total gas and VFA production; it was higher in ryegrass silage and lower in rice straw (p<0.05). Throughout the feeding trial, the rice straw silage group showed significantly greater average daily gain than did the others (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in the group fed kenaf silage was significantly greater than that of others (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in yield or quality traits, including carcass weight, ribeye area, backfat thickness, and scores for marbling, meat color, and fat color (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that no negative effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics occurred across treatments. Therefore, kenaf could be substituted for rice straw, which is most widely used as a roughage source in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1504-1510
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• 2013

Native chickens hold a significant share of the market in China. In response to the huge demand from the market, the productivity of Chinese native chickens needs to be improved. Cross breeding is an effective method to increase productivity, although it might affect meat quality. In this study, two pure lines (SD02 and SD03) of Erlang mountainous chickens were hybridized with a yellow feather and faster growing line (SD01). The effect of hybridization on carcass and meat quality (physiochemical and textural traits) was measured in the $F_1$ population at d 91 of age. The hybrids exhibited higher body weight and dressed weight, and amount of semi-eviscerated, eviscerated, breast muscle and abdominal fat (p<0.05). Abdominal fat yield also increased (p<0.05) compared to the offspring of the two pure-lines. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in meat quality traits except for the myofiber diameter and density and the shear force of the breast muscle. Overall, the offspring of cross-lines were similar to pure lines in meat color, pH value, inosinic acid, crude protein, crude fat, dry matter, moisture content and amino acid composition in the breast muscle. These results suggest that productivity can be improved via cross-breeding while maintaining meat quality of the Erlang mountainous chicken.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.414-427
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• 2012

Carcass characteristics and meat quality traits as a function of endpoint months of slaughter age (26 vs 32 mon) and chiller ageing (1 vs 10 d) were evaluated for m. longissmus of 26 Hanwoo steers fed with commercial diets including whole crop barley silage. Totally twenty six Hanwoo steers for 6 mon of age that were fed until 26 mon of age constituted the short term-fed group and fed until 32 mon of age constituted long-term fed group. Carcasses were chilled for 24 h and were graded. Strip loin samples were divided into two age groups (1 d and 10 d). Long-term feeding increased carcass weight, rib-eye area, yield grade, marbling score, firmness and quality grade of the meat. The feeding for 32 mon produced tender, juicy meat (p<0.01) with lower cooking loss and higher rating score (p<0.05) than short term feeding, while other quality traits were not influenced by the length of feeding. Intramuscular fat content and oxidative stability (TBARS value) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in beef from long-term feeding however the length of feeding did not alter the fatty acid composition. Chiller aging reduced instrumental tenderness (WBSF value), improved color, sensory tenderness, acceptability and rating of beef. The results of the present study mirrors that Hanwoo steers until 32 mon of age overall improved carcass traits and palatability compared to that for 26 mon. However, from the viewpoints of economical and environmental aspects, cost of the additional feeding for 6 mon for value-adding of eating quality was relatively high and the effects in turn were limited.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.671-682
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected methionine and lysine (RPML) on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat properties of Hanwoo steers. Fourteen late fattening steers were randomly assigned to either the control (commercial concentrate + rice straw) or the treatment (commercial concentrate + rice straw + 20 g of RPML/head/day) group. The average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not different between the treatment and control group. The rib eye area was slightly but not significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. The back fat thickness decreased with the RPML supplementation, although not significantly, and the appearance of yield C grade was lower in the treatment group than in the control group. The marbling score was similar between the control and treatment groups. The supplementation of RPML had no effect on the physicochemical compositions, myoglobin values, Commission Internationale de $l^{\prime}{\acute{E}}clairage$ (CIE) color values, fatty acid composition, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in the longissimus muscle. Thus, the supplementation of RPML does not any negative effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat properties of late fattening Hanwoo steers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.367-371
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• 1993

The feeding value of maize cob meal was investigated in a trial involving one hundred and forty Arbor Acre day-old chicks raised to eight weeks of age. The maize cob meal which contained 32.5% fibre, 2.5% protein and had a gross energy value of 2,550 kcal/kg, was incorporated into the experimental diets at either 0, 2.9, 5.8, 11.6 or 23.2% level. All diets were formulated to contain 3,200 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy and approximately 22% protein by varying the proportions of maize and whole cooked soyabean meal in the diets. The inclusion of maize cob meal up to 11.6% in the diet did not significantly (p>0.05) affect body weight gains, feed consumption and utilization, as well as carcass yield and dressing percentage. However, at the 23.2% level of maize cob meal inclusion, body weight gains, feed utilization and carcass yields were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. The use of maize cob meal reduced feed cost for raising birds and either maintained or improved gross profit returns with up to 11.6% level of inclusion in the diet. It was concluded that maize cob meal can be included up to 11.6% in the diet of broiler chickens provided dietary energy concentration is maintained at 3,200 kcal of metabolisable energy per kilogramme of feed by using high energy density feed ingredient such as boiled whole seed soyabean meal.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.865-877
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• 2023

Thirty Hanwoo cattle including bulls, cows, and steers (n = 10 each) were slaughtered and investigated for carcass traits (weight, meat color, fat color, yield index, maturity, marbling score, back-fat thickness, and firmness) and meat quality. The meat quality such as: pH, color, cooking loss, fatty acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, warner-bratzler shear force, tensile tests, and texture profiles were analyzed on longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles of the carcasses at different aging times (3 d and 21 d). The results showed that steers and cows had higher back-fat thickness and marbling score, and a lower firmness (p < 0.001) than bulls. Bulls exhibited a lower meat quality indicating by higher cooking loss, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content, warner-bratzler shear force and tensile test values (p < 0.01). Regarding the sensory property, the bull meat also had higher hardness, and lower tenderness, juiciness and flavor scores than the cow or steer meat (p < 0.01). Additionally, the bull meat had a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid and a lower monounsaturated fatty acid contents (p < 0.01). With increased aging time, the meat tenderness was improved in all the genders. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the gender and aging time affected the carcass traits, fatty acid and sensory quality of beef. Postmortem aging could improve the meat tenderness of all genders especially bulls.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

본 시험은 토종오리 육용종의 생산성과 도체수율을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 공시동물은 A와 B계통 육용종 토종오리에서 발생한 오리 병아리를 암수 각각 210수씩 선별하여 총 420수를 이용하였다. 시험 설계는 농장에 따른 2처리구(A, B)와 성별에 따른 2처리구(암, 수)로 나누어 $2{\times}2$의 복합요인으로 총 4처리구, 처리구당 7반복, 반복당 15수씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 주령별 체중은 계통 간 비교에서 2, 4, 6 및 8주령에 체중의 차이가 없었으나(P>0.05), 성별에 따라서는 2주령에 암컷, 8주령에 수컷의 체중이 높았다(P<0.01). 주령별 일일 사료 섭취량은 암수 비교에서 6~8주령에 수컷의 섭취량이 높았다(P<0.05). 주령별 증체량은 계통 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 암수 비교에서는 수컷이 높았다(P<0.01). 주령별 사료 섭취량은 계통에 따른 차이는 없었으며(P>0.05), 암수 비교에서는 6~8주령에 수컷의 사료 섭취량이 암컷에 비해 높았다(P<0.05). 주령별 사료 요구율은 계통 간 비교에서 차이가 없었으며, 암수 비교에서 0~2주령에암컷(P<0.05), 6~8주령에수컷이 높았다(P<0.01). 계통과 주령에 따른 생체중과 도체중은 8주령 B계통에서 가장 높았으며(P<0.01), 도체율은 8주령의 A와 B계통이 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 이런 결과들은 토종오리 육용종의 생산 성적과 도체수율에 대한 기초적인 자료로서 이용될 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2013

본 실험은 조단백질과 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) 수준이 토종오리의 생산성 및 도체 특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 수행되었다. 육성 전기는 토종오리 450수를 6개 처리에 공시하여 사용하였으며, 육성 후기는 육성 전기를 거친 토종오리 중 360수를 6개 처리에 공시하여 사용하였다. 육성 전기의 실험 사료는 조단백질 23 및 20% 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA)은 각각 1.31/1.09, 1.21/1.00 및 1.11/0.91와 1.11/0.91, 1.02/0.83 및 0.92/0.75였으며, 육성 후기에는 조단백질 19 및 17%, 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA)은 각각 1.00/0.79, 0.94/0.75 및 0.88/0.71와 0.88/0.71, 0.82/0.67 및 0.76/0.63로 처리하여 사용하였다. 육성 전기 실험 결과는 조단백질 수준이 증가함에 따라 생체중과 일당 증체량이 유의적으로 개선되었지만(P<0.05), 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA)과 조단백질 ${\times}$ 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) interaction에 유의차는 나타나지 않았으며, 균일도는 조단백질, 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) 및 조단백질 ${\times}$ 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) interaction 모두에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 육성 후기 실험 결과는 성장성적, 도체율 및 상대적 중량 모두에서 조단백질, 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) 및 조단백질 ${\times}$ 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) interaction간 유의차가 나타나지 않았으며, 토종오리 고기의 화학 및 물리적 특성인 육색, pH, 전단력가 및 가열 감량에서도 조단백질, 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA) 및 조단백질 ${\times}$ 아미노산(Lysine/TSAA interaction)간 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험 결과, 토종오리는 육용종 오리와 달리 육성 후기의 경우 낮은 성장률으로 인하여 상대적으로 낮은 조단백질과 아미노산 수준이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1251-1258
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• 2011

일반적으로 다산 한우암소는 미경산 혹은 어린 한우암소에 비하여 낮은 육질을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 현재까지 다산 한우 암소 비육을 위한 사료급여방법에 대한 연구는 매우 미비하다. 본 연구는 두 개의 서로 다른 사료로 구성된 사료급여방법이 다산 한우 암소의 육생산과 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대조구로는 일반 비육우사료 급여를 사용하였다. 처리구의 사료는 두 개의 서로 다른 단백질 수준으로 구성되어 있으며 14.28%의 단백질 사료는 비육초기에 급여하였으며, 12.70%의 단백질 수준은 출하 전까지 급여하였다. 대조구는 일반비육우사료(12.39% CP)를 사용하였다. 사양실험은 3개의 농장에서 수행되었다. 농장A에서는 29두의 다산 한우암소를 처리구 그리고 3두를 대조구로 공시하였다. 농장B와 농장C에서는 처리구와 대조구에 각각 8두와 3두 그리고 11두와 4두를 공시하였다. 실험사료들은 총 211일 동안 급여하였고, 처리구의 비육전기사료는 4개월간 급여하였고, 나머지는 비육후기 사료를 급여하였다. 평균일당증체량, 등지방두께, 등심면적, 도체중, 육량지수, 근내지방, 육색 및 조직감등을 분석하였다. 통계처리는 렌덤효과모형[8]을 사용하였다. 처리의 정적효과는 평균일당증체량, 등지방두께, 등심면적, 도체중 및 근내지방에서 나타났으며, 육량지수, 육색 및 조직감은 처리구의 부적효과가 나타났다. 모든 분석항목에서 통계적 유의성이 발견되지 않았는데 이것은 농장별 실험결과의 분산이 매우 컸기 때문이다. 그러나 통합적 효과에 있어 평균일당증체량, 등지방두께, 등심면적 및 도체중에 대한 90% 신뢰구간은 정적효과 방향으로 나타났으며, 나머지 분석항목의 90% 신뢰구간은 부적효과의 방향으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 다산 한우암소비육에 있어 비육전기기간의 고단백질 사료 급여는 육생산성 향상 및 육질 개선의 효과를 나타낼 수 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2014

This study was carried out investigate the effects of dietary addition of mineral and sugar on the dry matter intake, daily gain, yield grade and quality grade of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers. Three diets fed to steers included a control diet (concentrate mix and rice straw : C) and two treatments diet (control diet + black sugar 100 g + mineral 100 g : T1, and control diet + black sugar 150 g + mineral 50 g : T2). The results are summarized as follows; total feeding intake, body weight gain and daily gain did not show significant differences among the three treatments. Cold carcass weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 than in the other two treatments (C and T1). There was no significant difference in yield traits of back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area and yield grade among the three treatments (C, T1 and T2). Marbling score showed significantly (p<0.05) higher in order of T2 (5.67) > T1 (4.67) > C (3.67). Meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were no significant difference. Quality grade was higher in T2 than in the other two treatments (C and T1), but there was no significant difference. The results show that marbling score and quality grade of Hanwoo can be increased by high dry matter intake with feeding addition of mineral and sugar.