• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.151-155
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• 2017

Purpose: Reducing tenderness or pain on the ankle joint and improving the range of motion are thought to be possible using hyaluronate-based anti-adhesive agents. On the other hand, there are more aspects to be studied regarding the incidence of complications, such as resting pain, tenderness, and stiffness, after surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prove the effectiveness of the agents after ankle fracture surgery. Materials and Methods: Patients, who underwent open reduction and internal fixation surgery due to ankle joint fractures from June 2015 to May 2016, were studied prospectively. Thirty patients of them received a $Guardix^{(R)}$ injection during their surgeries and were included in the injection group. The other 30 patients were included in the control group. Postoperatively, tenderness on the scar, a delay in wound healing, and the active range of motion were evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Results: A significant difference in tenderness on the scar was observed 2 weeks after surgery. On the other hand, there was no significant difference at 6 and 12 weeks after the surgery. The agent-using group showed a 6.7% delay in wound healing and a 93.3% nondelaying. In the non-using group, the delay was 63.3%, while non-delay was 36.7% (p<0.001). The group that underwent $Guardix^{(R)}$ usage showed an effective result in the visual analogue scale, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). The result at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Improvement was observed in the patients who underwent a $Guardix^{(R)}$ injection, regarding the range of motion, visual analog scale, and healing of the wound postoperatively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

Six common tablet disintegrants (corn starch, Avicel PH102, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, Primojel, Kollidon CL and Ac-Di-Sol) were used at the concentration of 0, 2, 4 and 6% (w/w) in salicylamide tablets made with wet granulation method. Certain physical parameters of the disintegrants (moisture sorption, hydration capacity and bulk density) were determined to evaluate their relative efficiency. The disintegration time and dissolution rate of the tablets were correlated well with the ranks of initial rate of moisture sorption for each disintegrant as follows; Ac-Di-Sol, Kollidon CL, primojel, calcium CMC, corn starch and Avicel PH102. The initial rate of moisture sorption was important for the disintegration capacity as well as hydration capacity. The effect of storage at different temperatures and relative humidity upon the tablets containing various disintegrants was evaluated in terms of tablet hardness and disintegration time. Storage at high temperature reduced the hardness substantially and retarded the disintegration of the all tablets studied. Especially, the hardness of tablets containing Kollidon CL was significantly reduced. Although the tablet hardness was decreased and the disintegration time was increased under a moderate humid condition, both of them were decreased under the severely high humid condition of 80 or 90% RH, which was due to the breakrupture of tablet matrix bonds by the excessive uptake of moisture. Therefore, the stability caused by moisture sorption should be considered, when disintegrants having high moisture sorption such as Kollidon CL, Ac-Di-Sol and Primojel were employed in the tablets containing water-labile or hygroscopic drugs.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2000

One of endoglucanases(F-II-II) was purified from the culture filtrate of Trichoderma sp. C-4 through two step procedures including chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 and Sephacryl S-100. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be about 26,000 by SDS-PAGE and the isoelectric point as 8.0 by analytical isoelectric focusing. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was $50^{\circ}C$ and the optimum pH was 5.0. No loss of activity was observed when the enzyme was preincubated at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The specific activity of the enzyme toward carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was estimated to be 776.2 U/mg. The internal amino acid sequence was analysed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 1989

The effect of various cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates on the induction of cellulase and xylanase complexes in Aapergillus nidulans was investigated. The most efficient substrates for the induction of cellulase and xylanase complexes were carboxymethylcellulose for endoglucanase, cellobiose for ${\beta}-glucosidase$, and xylan for endoxylanase and ${\beta}-xylosidase$, respectively. However, the mixtures of these substrates, especially CMC-xylan and CMC-xylan-laminarin mixture, were much more effective not only for the enhancement of the biosynthesis of all the cellulase and xylanase complexes but also for the balanced production of these enzyme components than individual substrate. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by activity staining showed the variation in the patterns and relative intensity of ${\beta}-glucosidase$, endoglucanase and endoxylanase components in individual enzyme preparations from A. nidulans cultures grown on different substrates. These results suggest that the biosynthesis is of cellulase and xylanase systems in A. nidulans is regulated in coordination at the level of induction.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.3 s.78
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• pp.206-213
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• 1996

Talaromyces luteus 2004, a thermophilic mutant of T. luteus 6112 was obtained by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. T. luteus 2004 produced thermophilic carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), and other polysaccharide enzymes: avicellase, xylanase, and ${\beta}-glucosidase$. Induction of CMCase production was shown at the highest level in 3% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) minimal broth, indicating that CMC could work as an inducer. However, glucose and D-cellobiose showed catabolite repression for CMCase production which was under the control of CMC utilization. Optimal conditions for CMCase activity were at $70^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0, suggesting that CMCase of T. luteus 2004 was a thermophilic enzyme.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.368-375
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• 2000

개의 개흉술이나 개심술 후에 주요 합병증인 유착에 대한 sodium carboxymethyl- cellulose (SCMC)의 효과를 평가하기 위하여 1% SCMC총액을 흉막 및 심낭에 적용하였다. 10두의 개를 SCMC투여 군과 생리식염수 투여 군으로 각각 5두씩 배치하고, 개흉 후 4번째 메서 7번째 늑골의 늑연골 연접부 부위에 찰과상을 유도하였고 심낭 절개 후 심낭의 내측 및 닿는 심근에 각각 $2{\times}2cm$크기로 찰과상을 유발하였다. 찰과상 유발 후 생리식염수 투여 군은 멸균 생리식염수를 3.5m1/kg을, SCMC투여 군은 같은 용량의 1% SCMC를 흉강 및 심낭 내에 각각 도포 하였다. 수술 전후에 CBC와 혈장 plasminogen치를 측정하였다. 유착 정도 는 수술 30일 후에 0-4로 점수화하여 판정하였다 십장과 심낭의 평균 유착치는 SCMC투여 군이 2.4$\pm$0.8, 생리식염수 투여군이 $3.7{\pm}0.9$로 나타나 SCMC 투여군에서 유착 발생이 유의 성 있게 낮았다(p<0.01). 폐염과 흉막간의 평균 유착치는 SCMC 투여군이 1.7$\pm$0.2이었고, saline 투여군은 $3.5{\pm}0.8$로. SCHC투여 군에서 유착 발생이 유의성 있게 낮았다(p<0.01). Saline 투여군의 혈중 plasminogen 농도는 술 후 1일에 $28.2{\pm}5.677$로 감소하였고,술 후 7일에 $47{\pm}1.4%$.증가하였다(p<0.05). SCMC 투여군에서는 실험적 수술 1일 후 $27.1{\pm}10.3$로 감소하였고 7일 후에는 $30.3{\pm}21.6%$로 증가(p<0.01)하였으나 두 군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다 이 상의 결과로 볼 때 개흉술 및 개심술시 1% SCMC를 투여하여 흉강 내의 유착을 방지함으로써 재수술이 필요한 경우에 수술의 어려움과 조직손상의 위험을 감소시킬 것으로 사료된다.로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the preparation of the carboxymethylcellulose from recycled fiber, especially on the reactivity of carboxymethylation. Using a deinked pulp and a dissolving pulp. Green's method is adapted to the carboxymethylation. We conformed that the carboxymethyl group is led for recycled fiber by FT-IR analysis. The recycled fiber is more reactive than the dissolving pulp because the recycled fiber had been defiberated and pretreated with alkali. It suggests that deinking process is in accordance with pretreatment of CMC process. Therefore, it may be possible to prepare CMC from the recylced fiber economically.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.514-523
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• 2017

Carbon catabolite repression is a crucial regulation mechanism in microorganisms, but its characteristic in Rhizopus is still unclear. We extracted a carbon regulation gene, cre, that encoded a carbon catabolite repressor protein (CRE) from Rhizopus stolonifer TP-02, and studied the regulation of CRE by real-time qPCR. CRE responded to glucose in a certain range, where it could significantly regulate part of the cellulase genes (eg, bg, and cbh2) without cbh1. In the comparison of the response of cre and four cellulase genes to carboxymethylcellulose sodium and a simple carbon source (lactose), the effect of CRE was only related to the concentration of reducing sugars. By regulating the reducing sugars to range from 0.4% to 0.6%, a glucose-containing medium with lactose as the inducer could effectively induce cellulases without the repression of CRE. This regulation method could potentially reduce the cost of enzymes produced in industries and provide a possible solution to achieve the largescale synthesis of cellulases.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2014

A novel and simple method for the synthesis of nano-magnetite particles is disclosed. In the novel procedure, $Fe^{2+}$ is the only source of metal cation. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used as the structure directing agent. The phase analysis of the nano-particles was performed using XRD and electron diffraction techniques. Size and morphology analysis was performed using light scattering and TEM techniques. The effect of $NH_4OH$ solution (32 wt. %) at different CMC concentrations on the size distribution of the final magnetite powders is studied. An optimal base concentration exists for each CMC concentration leading to minimal agglomeration. There exists a minimum CMC concentration (0.0016 wt. %), lower than that no magnetite forms. It is shown that using the new method, it is possible to immobilize a lipase enzyme (Candida Rugosa) with immobilization efficiency larger than 98 % with a loading more than 3 times the reported value in the literature. The latter phenomenon is explained based on the agglomerate state of the nano-particles in the liquid phase.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1770-1779
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• 1995

A combined convective heat transfer study for non-Newtonian fluids was experimentally performed in uniformly heated horizontal tubes with laminar flow in the thermal entry region. Velocity profiles were fully developed at the entrance of the heated sections in the tubes. Aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethylcellulose(CMC ) were used; their behavior showed a reasonably good fit into the power-law model, .tau.=K.gamma.$^{n}$ . The test sections were made of copper with inside diameters of 3.23 cm and 5.042 cm and lengths of approximately 300 cm. Most experimental runs displayed noticeable secondary flows caused by buoyancy ; when present, secondary flows caused significant increase in the rate of heat transfer over the purely forced-convection case. A correlation, which relates the rate of heat transfer for flows with temperature-dependent properties, free convection effects, and non-newtonian effects, was suggested.