• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2009

In the fire there are fusion signs and damage by fire, and insulation aging and carbonization of the electric wiring in the ignition spot because of special characteristic of the appliance in the electricity fire. Because of the physical factor applied in the damage of fire, the decision of ignition spot by eye investigation is insufficient. In this paper, the cause of electricity fire is researched. The focus is on the operation state of operated MCCB(Molded Case Circuit Breaker) at the time of electricity fire. Through grasping the operation principle of MCCB and the experiment, the state of MCCB after fire suppression is discriminated. The distinction possibility on the exist of electricity fire is proposed.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2003

In this study, densified 4D carbon/carbon composites were made from carbon fiber and coal tar pitch through the process of pressure impregnation and carbonization and then followed by carbonization and graphitization. To improve the oxidative resistance of the prepared carbon/carbon composites, the surface of carbon/carbon composites was coated on SiC by the pack cementation method. The SiC coated layer was created by depending on the constitution of pack powder, and reaction time of pack-cementation. The morpology of crystalline and texture of these SiC coated carbon/carbon composites were investigated by XRD, SEM/EDS observation. So the coating mechanism of pack-cementation process was proposed. The oxidative res istance were observed through the air oxidation test, and then the optimal condition of pack cementation was found by them. Besides, the oxidative mechanism of SiC formed was proposed through the observation of SiC coated surface, which was undergone by oxidation test.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.35-36
• /
• 2022

In order to supplement the flame-retardant performance of oil stain, which can prevent wooden buildings from contamination, (NH4)2HPO4, a phosphorus flame-retardant, was added to oil stain and applied for each type of plywood, and an experiment was conducted. The addition rate was set to 0-60%, but white powder appeared on the surface of plywood from 40% and thus it was impossible to experiment, so the maximum addition rate was selected as 30%. As a result of the experiment, acacia plywood had the best performance. As the rate of addition of the flame retardant increased, the remaining time and carbonization length of all plywood decreased, but the carbonization length of the MDF plywood was not met with the standards.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.161-165
• /
• 2004

This study has been conducted to develop a new recycling technology of sewage sludge using a carbonization process. The carbonizing yield, the calorific value and EC(electric conductivity) of carbonized sewage sludge had a tendency to be decreased with increase of the carbonizing temperature and time, but pH and the C/N were increased with increase the carbonizing temperature and time. The whole pore volume of carbonized sludge processed in the carbonizing furnace was /g, which was smaller than that in the electric furnace. But, the rates of mesopore and macropore were found to account for 100% therein. Rate of color and organic materials removal for dyeing wastewater were determined 70~97%, 78~83% on cotton yarn, 88~96%, 69~80% on wool wastewater and 77~89%, 77~87% on towel compared with powder activated carbon. Effect of carbonized sludge on chrysanthemum growth was investigated. Plant height and number of leaves was better mixture of carbonized sludge than comparison.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 2010

Colored compounds adsorption from the textile dyeing effluents on activated carbons produced from various indigenous vegetable sources by zinc chloride activation is studied. The most important parameters in chemical activation were found to be the chemical ratio of $ZnCl_2$ to feed (3:1), carbonization temperature (460-470 $^{\circ}C$) and time of activation (75 min). The absorbance at 511 nm (red effluent) and 615 nm (blue effluent) are used for estimation of color. It is established that at optimum temperature ($50^{\circ}C$), time of contact (30-40 min) and adsorbent loading (2 g/L), activated carbons developed from rain tree (Samanea saman) saw dust and blackberry (Randia formosa) tree saw dust showed great capability to remove color materials from the effluents. It is observed that adsorption of reactive dyes by all types of activated carbons is more than that of disperse dyes. It is explained that because of its acidic nature the activated carbon can adsorb better reactive dye particles containing large number of nitrogen sites and $-SO_3Na$ group in their structure. The use of activated carbons from the indigenous biomass would be economical, because saw dusts are readily available waste worldwide.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.66-79
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 톱밥과 농업부산물인 귤박을 이용하여 보드를 제조하고 세라믹화 하여 표면온도 및 원적외선 방사특성을 조사하였다. 세라믹의 표면온도는 경과시간 10분까지는 급속히 상승하였고, 30분 후에는 탄화온도가 높을수록 높았고, 귤박 혼합율별로는 별 영향이 없었다. 원적외선 방사율은 귤박 혼합율에 따라 일정한 경향이 없었고, 탄화온도가 증가할수록 낮은 값을 보였다.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.78-89
• /
• 2017

미분탄화력발전소에서 사용되는 각종 발전연료의 탄화도에 따른 발열개시온도(CPT;Cross Point Temperature), 발화온도(IT; Ignition temperature) 및 발화온도 승온속도(CPS;Cross Point Slope)는 전기로 내부에 설치된 백금망에 $74{\mu}m$이하 입도의 시료를 넣고 공기분위기, $25^{\circ}C$에서 $600^{\circ}C$까지의 승온조건에서 평가하였다. 발열개시온도 및 발화온도는 탄화도에 대한 의존성이 크지 않은 반면, 발화온도 승온속도는 탄화도에 크게 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 탄화도가 낮은 우드펠렛의 발화온도 승온속도는 $20.995^{\circ}C/min$으로 기장 높은 자연발화성을 가지며, 아역청 KIDECO탄은 $15.370^{\circ}C/min$인 반면, 가장 높은 탄화도를 가지는 석유코크스는 $20.950^{\circ}C/min$로 나타냈다. 자연발화 경향성은 석탄 표면의 산화반응에 주요한 변수로서 작용하는 휘발분 함량 및 산소관능기의 농도 뿐만 아니라 촤의 비표면적, 정압몰비열이 높을수록 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 산업현장에서 사용되는 분전반 내 터미널 블록의 탄화 사고를 예방하기 위한 목적으로, 전선 접속부 볼트의 이상(Abnormal) 풀림 각도에 따라 변화하는 정상전류 및 과전류의 접속부 발열 위험성을 확인하고 열적 특성을 통해 위험성을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 터미널 블록에 Resistance temperature detector (RTD) 센서 보드를 설치하여 실시간으로 터미널 블록의 발열 온도와 온도의 변화를 측정하는 새로운 기법을 적용하였다. 실험 결과 정격 전류가 작은 터미널 블록 모델의 발열 온도가 높게 나타남에 따라 부하전류에 따른 터미널 블록 용량 선정의 중요성을 확인하였다. 또한 정격전류가 높은 터미널 블록의 정격 전류가 높을수록, 이상 풀림 정도가 클수록 탄화점이 빨라짐을 확인하였다. 이러한 발열 온도 모니터링을 통해서 실시간 발열 온도를 측정할 수 있었고 열적 분석을 통해서 단계별 위험수위 설정이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 탄화 위험성 측정 및 분석 결과는 탄화로 인한 화재 위험성에 대한 응용 연구의 이론적 기초를 제공할 수 있다. 또한 본 연구에서 새롭게 적용한 온도 센서 보드를 활용한 열화 측정 방법은 위험수준관리 및 전기적 접촉 불량으로 인한 화재 예방 활동에 광범위하게 적용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2014

The objective of this work is to produce solid biofuel from sawdust using the HTC (Hydrothermal carbonization) process. The HTC process of feedstock involves the raw material coming into contact with high temperature and pressurized water. The HTC process could produce gaseous, liquefied and solid products, but this study focused on solid product only as an alternative to coal. In this study, sawdust used for a feedstock and its moisture content was under 5%. Water was added with the feedstock to raise moisture content to 80% and also used catalysts. The HTC process was performed at temperature range from 200 to $270^{\circ}C$ and reaction time was 15 to 120 min. Rising temperature resulted in increasing the higher heating value (HHV) of HTC product. In case of adding catalyst, HHV of solid biofuel was higher and reaction occurred at lower temperature and pressure. Also, HTC solid product had been characterized and found to be hydrophobic, increased HHV (over 40%), and pelletized easily compared to raw material.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2000

폐목질재료의 탄화이용을 위한 제탄기술 확립과 이 탄화물들을 이용하여 토앙개량, 탈취, 수분등의 흡착, 미생물활동 담체, 하천등 수질정화제 등으로의 이용가능성을 알아보기 위해 탄화물의 몇 가지 성능을 조사하였다. 목질재료의 공업분석은 고정탄소는 약 17~20%, 회분 0.37~2.27%, 휘발분 70~74%로 나타났다. 탄화수율은 온도가 높아지면 수율이 감소됐으나 시간의 영향은 없었고, 목질재료간에도 차가 없었다. 수축율은 두께방향의 수축율이 너비, 길이 보다 현저히 높았고 탄화후 비중은 탄화전보다 30~40% 감소하였다. 탄화물의 공업분석은 회분 1.08~4.18%, 휘발분 5.88~13.79%, 고정탄소 80.15~90.94%로 나타났다. 탄화물의 수소이온농도는 합판, 파티클보드가($400^{\circ}C$ pH 9, $600^{\circ}C$ 와 $800^{\circ}C$ pH 10) 섬유판보다 높았다. 보수성은 탄화온도와 시간의 조건에 따른 영향이 없었으며 또한 탄화물간에도 차이가 없었다. 초기 24시간내의 보수성은 시료무게의 약 2~2.5배 정도로 나타났고, 그후 평형함수율은 2~10%룰 나타냈다. 간벌재 탄화물의 흡습성은 $20^{\circ}C$, RH 90%에서 9.40~11.82%, $20^{\circ}C$, RH 65%에서 6.87~7.61, $20^{\circ}C$, RH 25%에서 1.69~2.81%로 나타났다. 목질재료 탄화물의 조습능력은 $20^{\circ}C$, RH 90%에서의 간벌재 탄화물과 비슷한 값(약 9~11%) 을 보였으나 $20^{\circ}C$, RH 25%, 65%에서는 목질재료 탄화물의 흡습력이 약 2~3% 높게 나타났다. 모든 목질재료 탄화물은 분말활성탄 선정표준(JWWA K 113-1947)이 정하는 기준치를 만족하였다.