• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.499-503
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• 2018

In this paper, cobalt embedded in nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes (CoNSTs) were synthesized for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. The CoNSTs were prepared through a facile heat treatment method without any templates. Different amounts of the metal salt were employed to examine the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the CoNSTs. The CoNSTs showed the bamboo-like tube morphology with the encased Co nanoparticles in the tubes. Through the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the catalysts exhibited different chemical states of the nitrogen and sulfur species. As a result, the CoNST performed high activity toward the ORR in an acidic condition with the onset potential of 0.863 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). It was clearly demonstrated from the electrochemical characterizations that the quality of the nitrogen and sulfur species significantly influences the ORR activity rather than the total amount of the dopants.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제68권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2024

The commercialization of rechargeable metal-air batteries is extremely desirable but designing stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with non-noble metal still has faced challenges to replace platinum-based catalysts. The nonnoble metal catalysts for ORR were prepared to improve the catalytic performance and stability by the thermal decomposition of ZIF-8 with optimum cobalt loading. The porous carbon was obtained by the calcination of ZIF-8 and different loading amounts of Co nanoparticles were anchored onto porous carbon forming a Co/PC catalyst. Co/PC composite shows a significant increase in the ORR value of current and stability (500 h) due to the good electronic conductive PCN support and optimum cobalt metal loading. The significantly improved catalytic performance is ascribed to the chemical structure, synergistic effects, porous carbon networks, and rich active sites. This method develops a new pathway for a highly active and advantageous catalyst for electrochemical devices.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 각기 다른 각도와 시트장수(3T, 5T 및 7T)로 제작된 카본시트 튜브로 구속된 원형 콘크리트 기둥의 압축강도 실험을 수행한 후 압축강도 실험실과 강도감소계수를 제안하였다. 실험체는 $300mm{\times}600mm$ 크기로 제작하였으며, 탄소섬유의 각도는 $90^{\circ}{\pm}0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}{\pm}75^{\circ}$ 및 $90^{\circ}{\pm}90^{\circ}$이다. 압축강도 실험은 10,000 kN UTM을 이용하여 0.01 mm/sec 가력속도의 변위 제어법으로 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과의 회귀분석을 통하여 각도별 압축강도 및 극한변형률을 예측하는 실험식을 제안하였으며, 국내 콘크리트 부재의 설계법인 극한강도 설계법 적용을 위한 강도감소계수를 제안하였다. 강도감소계수는 Monte Carlo Analysis를 이용하여 해석을 수행하였으며 그 값은 0.64로 제안하였다. 탄소섬유시트를 이용하여 카본튜브를 제작하는 것은 시공자의 기술력에 따라 구조성능이 좌우될 수 있으므로 카본튜브 제작 및 시공 시 각별한 현장관리가 요구된다.

• 청정기술
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 석탄가스화 복합발전시스템용 고온건식탈황공정에 포함된 직접황회수공정의 $SO_2$ 촉매환원 반응에서 발생되는 COS의 효과적인 제거를 위한 활성탄계 흡착제의 흡착특성이 연구되었다. $SO_2$의 촉매적 환원을 위하여 전이금속 담지촉매와 복합금속산화물 촉매가 사용되었으며, 이들 촉매의 반응기구에 따라 COS 생성과정과 반응온도에 따른 유출량이 조사되었다. 생성된 저농도의 COS를 효과적으로 제거하기 위하여 상용활성탄과 활성탄의 COS흡착특성을 개선하기 위하여 알칼리금속 수용액(KOH)으로 담지시킨 활성탄이 이용되었다. TGA를 이용하여 온도에 따른 COS 흡착량과 흡착속도를 알 수 있었고, GC-PFPD가 장착된 고정층 흡착시스템을 이용하여 COS 흡착실험을 수행한 결과, 높은 BET 표면적을 지니는 KOH로 처리된 활성탄의 COS 파과시간이 상용활성탄에 비해 장시간 유지되었다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 활성탄 흡착시스템으로 $SO_2$ 환원으로부터 생성되는 COS를 효과적으로 제거할 수 있으며, 알칼리성 금속을 담지할 경우 흡착특성이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1808-1846
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• 2011

From 1975 to 2011, for thirty six years, the author and his collaborators have developed a variety of reducing and hydroborating agents, and applied them to organic synthesis, which involves the 1,2-reduction of ${\alpha}$,${\beta}$-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, stereoselective reduction of cycloalkanones, regioselective ring-opening of epoxides, partial reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives to aldehydes, regioselective addition to carbon-carbon multiple bonds, etc. by utilizing metal hydrides and the newly-devised the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) type reagents. Such developments provide a new synthetic methodology making possible valuable selective reductions and hydroborations, not practical previously.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

This paper reports on a pilot scale comparison of PACS coagulation with and without pH preadjustment. The pH of the water was adjusted with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. Process performance was assessed on the basis of total organic carbon(TOC), UV absorbance, turbidity and disinfection by-product(DBP) precursors. Coagulation pH appeared to be a determining factor for maximum NOM removal. The optimum coagulation pH in order to decrease TOC and turbidity were pH 7. Preadjustment of pH 7 increased TOC removal to as much as 43, 47 percent with sulfuric acid and carbon dioxide. Moreover, coagulation at pH 7 caused a reduction in UV$_{254}$, THMFP and HAAFP compared to the baseline coagulation. For preadjustment of pH 7 with carbon dioxide, the percentage of TOC, UV$_{254}$, THMFP and HAAFP shows the reduction rate of 3.8, 0.5, 4.8, 9.4％ comparing to the coagulation rendition using sulfuric acid. Acid addition to depress pH during coagulation decrease Langelier Saturation Index(LSI), potentially causing increase corrosion in water distribution systems. LSI for carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid at pH 6 was -2.3, -3.3. Therefore, carbon dioxide was more effective at controlling corrosion than sulfuric acid.

• Carbon letters
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2008

Chemically activated carbons were prepared from maize cobs, using phosphoric acid of variable concentration. The textural parameters of the activated carbons were determined from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms measured at 77 K. The chemistry of the carbon surface was determined by measuring the surface pH, the pHPZC and the concentration of the carbon - oxygen groups of the acid type on the carbon surface. Kinetics of Cr(VI) sorption/reduction was investigated at 303 K. Two processes were investigated in terms of kinetics and equilibrium namely; Cr(VI) removal and chromium sorption were studied at various initial pH (1-7). Removal of Cr(VI) shows a maximum at pH 2.5. At pH<2.5, sorption decreases because of the proton competition with evolved Cr(III) for ion exchange sites. The decrease of sorption at pH>2.5 is due to proton insufficiency and to the decrease of the extent of Cr(VI) reduction. The chemistry of the surface of activated carbon is an important factor in determining its adsorption capacity from aqueous solutions particularly when the sorption process involves ion exchange.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.648-662
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• 1996

임피던스 스펙트럼을 이용하여 황산 용액에서 glassy carbon과 인조흑연(PVDF 합성 흑연)의 전극표면에 cyclic 분극을 부하 하였을 경우 전극표면에서 나타나는 표면반응에 대하여 조사하여 . 두 재료 표면에서 산소의 산화 혹은 환원과 관련되거나 또는 탄소재료 표면에 화학흡착된 표면작용기(surface functional group)의 변화와 관련되는 것으로 생각되는 산화환원 피크가 potentio-dynamic곡선에서 나타났다. 이러한 전극 표면에서의 표면작용기의 산화환원은 glassy carbon과 PVDF합성 흑연의 임피던스 스펙트럼에도 커다란 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또 glassy carbon과 PVDF합성 흑연에서의 임피던스 파라미터는 분극부하에의해 현저한 변화가 나타났다.가 나타났다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.514-524
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• 2022

Carbon emissions from fuel consumption have been pointed by scientists as the cause of global warming. In particular, fossil fuels are known to emit more carbon when burned than other types of fuels. In this regard, International Maritime Organization has announced a regulation plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, recently, Liquefied Natural Gas propulsion ships are responding to such carbon reduction regulation. However, from a long-term perspective, it is necessary to use carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia. Nitrogen oxides might be generated during ammonia combustion. There is a possibility that incompletely burned ammonia is discharged. Therefore, rather than being used as a direct fuel, Ammonia is only used to reduce NO_X such as urea solution in diesel vehicle Selective Catalyst Reduction. Currently, LPG vehicle fuel feed system studies have evaluated the durability of combustion injectors and fuel tanks in ammonia environment. However, few studies have been conducted to apply ammonia as a ship fuel. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate corrosion damage that might occur when ammonia is used as a propulsion fuel on ships.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.46-49
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• 2003

Cu have been widely used as signal transmission materials for electrical electronic components owing to its high electrical conductivity. However, it's size have been limited to small ones due to its poor mechanical properties, Until now, strengthening of the copper at toy was obtained either by the solid solution and precipitation hardening by adding alloy elements or the work hardening by deformation process. Adding the at toy elements lead to reduction of electrical conductivity. In this aspect, if carbon nanofiber is used as reinforcement which have outstanding mechanical strength and electric conductivity, it is possible to develope Cu matrix nanocomposite having almost no loss of electric conductivity. It is expected to be innovative in electric conduct ing material market. The unidirectional alignment of carbon nanofiber is the most challenging task developing the copper matrix composites of high strength and electric conductivity In this study, the unidirectional alignment of carbon nanofibers which is used reinforced material are controlled by drawing process in order to manufacture the intermediary materials for the carbon nanofiber reinforced Cu matrix nanocomposite and align mechanism as well as optimized drawing process parameters are verified via experiments and numerical analysis. The materials used in this study were pure copper and the nanofibers of 150nm in diameter and of $10~20\mu\textrm{m}$ In length. The materials have been tested and the tensile strength was 75MPa with the elongation of 44% for the copper it is assumed that carbon nanofiber behave like porous elasto-plastic materials. Compaction test was conducted to obtain constitutive properties of carbon nanofiber. Optimal parameter for drawing process was obtained by experiments and numerical analysis considering the various drawing angles, reduction areas, friction coefficient, etc Lower reduction areas provides the less rupture of cu tube is not iced during the drawing process. Optimal die angle was between 5 degree and 12 degree. Relative density of carbon nanofiber embedded in the copper tube is higher as drawing diameter decrease and compressive residual stress is occurred in the copper tube. Carbon nanofibers are moved to the reverse drawing direct ion via shear force caused by deformation of the copper tube and alined to the drawing direction.