• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.689-693
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• 2006

Pbh1, from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is a baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) repeat (BIR) domain-containing protein. Its unique encoding gene was previously found to be regulated by nitric oxide and nitrogen starvation. In the current work, the Pbh1-lacZ fusion gene was used to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of the pbh1 gene under various carbon sources. When fermentable carbon sources, such as glucose (at a low concentration of 0.2 %), sucrose (2.0 %) and lactose (2.0 %), were the sole carbon source, the synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the Pbh1-lacZ fusion gene was reasonably enhanced. However, the induction by these fermentable carbon sources was abolished in the Pap1-negative S. pombe cells, implying that this type of induction of the pbh1 gene is mediated by Pap1. Ethanol (2.0%), a nonfermentable carbon source, was also able to enhance the synthesis of $\beta$-galactosidase from the fusion gene in wild-type cells but not in Pap1-negative cells. The results indicate that the S. pombe pbh1 gene is up-regulated under metabolic oxidative stress in a Pap1-dependent manner.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.3 s.74
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• pp.209-225
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• 1995

Ganoderan, antitumor ${\beta}-glucan$ from Ganoderma lucidum was extracted from the mycelium of G.lucidum IY009 which was cultured in various carbon sources. The mycelium was shown to be capable of utilizing various carbon sources, e.g., soluble starch, fructose and glucose, and differs in morphology on carbon sources. In radioisotope assay, about $5.2{\sim}16%$ of glucose was to be incorporated in ganoderan of the mycelium. The monosugars of these ganoderan were mainly consisted of glucose, mannose, galactose. The galactose was not good carbon source for growing the mycelium but the best carbon source for producing the potentialized-ganoderan on the antitumor and anticomplementary activity. The tumor inhibition ratio of ganoderan-GAL, obtained from galactose medium, was 83.6% at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day. This crude polysaccaride was composed of five monosaccharide and the protein contained 16 amino acids. Also, ganoderan-GAL increased the anticomplementary activity than that obtained from any other media. This fact suggests that the structural differences of ganoderan influence the antitumor and anticomplementary activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2014

Four ectomycorrhizal fungi were tested for their ability to utilize seven carbon sources in modified Melin-Norkrans medium. After 60 days of mycelial culture, the highest mycelial growth in Hygrophorus russula (KFRI 1987), Sarcodon aspratus, Leccinum extremiorientale (KFRI 1194), and Tricholoma matsutake (KFRI 1256) was observed with use of dextrin used as a carbon source. H. russula, S. aspratus (KFRI 1676), and L. extremiorientale showed the lowest mycelial growth on nutrient medium with pectin. The utilization of homoglycans (starch, dextrin) in seven strains (except for T. matsutake KFRI 1256) was higher than that of heteroglycan (pectin). The final pH values of all culture media were decreased by pH 1.1~3.0 compared with the initial pH values of culture media. The dominant color of mycelia was white and varied according to the carbon sources (yellow, brown, and purple) in some strains. A single colony was observed in L. extremiorientale cultured in liquid media containing four or five different types of carbon sources, whereas multiple colonies were formed in liquid media containing six different types of carbon sources by six strains.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1127-1134
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• 2009

Escherichia coli excretes acetate during aerobic growth on glycolytic carbon sources, which has been explained as an overflow metabolism when the carbon flux into the cell exceeds the capacity of central metabolic pathways. Nonacetogenic growth of E. coli on gluconeogenic carbon sources like succinate or in carbon-limited slow growth conditions is believed an evidence for the explanation. However, we found that a strain defected in the acs (acetyl Co-A synthetase) gene, the product of which is involved in scavenging acetate, accumulated acetate even in succinate medium and in carbon-limited low growth rate condition, where as its isogenic parental strain did not. The acs promoter was inducible in noncatabolite repression condition, whereas the expression of the ackA-pta operon encoding acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase for acetate synthesis was constitutive. Results in this study suggest that E. coli excretes and scavenges acetate simultaneously in the carbon-limited low growth condition and in nonacetogenic carbon source, and the activity of the acetate consumption pathway directly affects the accumulation level of acetate in the culture broth.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2013

Changes of organic carbon after the entrance into dam reservoirs were investigated using water samples collected in May, September, and October in 2010 from the inflow sites and the outlets of four selected dam reservoirs-Soyang, Chungju, Chungju regulation, and Uiam. Increase of refractory dissolved organic carbon (R-DOC) was observed only for large dam reservoirs with long residence times whereas the trend was not found for relatively small reservoirs. The effects of residence times on organic carbon changes were further confirmed by significant positive correlations between monthly residence times and the relative increase of either dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or R-DOC concentrations. Comparison of spectroscopic characteristics of DOC revealed that the changes in the large reservoirs in May might result from in-lake processes. The inflow of terrestrial sources of DOM during storms appears to largely affect the DOC quality of the large reservoirs for the rest of the sampling periods. The mechanism, however, did not fully explain the behaviors of DOC for the small sized reservoirs. Our combined results suggested that both residence time and the input of allochthonous carbon sources might substantially influence the quantity of DOC as well as its quality in dam reservoirs.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1990

The effect of different carbon and nitrogen compounds on the growth and sporula­tion of Curvularia clavata Alcorn (Herberium No. IMI264075) has been studied. All the carbon sources tried were well utilized by the pathogen though glucose, and sucrose supported the best growth while glucose, maltose and sucrose the sporulation of the fungus. Of the nine nitrogen compounds, L-glutamic acid supported the best growth while aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid the sporulation of the fungus. Growth and sporulation were generally better with organic than inorganic nitrogen sources. Ammonium sulphate was the best inorganic source. A sudden drop of pH value of the culture media after 4 days of incubation did not favour good growth of the fungus.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 1989

Carbon sources and nitrogen sources are known to be very important in protease production by microorganisms. The effects of carbon source and nitrogen source on protease biosynthesis by Bacillus licheniformis were investigated using batch cultures. As initial carbon and nitrogen concentrations of culture medium increased, the specific growth rate of Bacillus licheniformis was increased, while the specific protease production rate was decreased. From the results of batch cultures, a mathematical model which considers the effects of carbon source and cnitrogen source was proposed and the methods to increase the productivity of protease were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2023

This study aimed to isolate and characterize wild yeast strains from the vineyard soil in Korea. Twenty yeast strains were isolated from vineyard soil in Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, where Vitis labrusca cv. Campbell Early is grown. Eighteen strains were previously recorded in Korea. The remaining two, Cyberlindnera mrakii VG-21-10C and Starmerella bacillaris GR9 were not previously recorded in Korea. The mycological characteristics of VG-21-10C and GR9 were investigated. Both were oval-shaped, convex, and smooth. However, differences were evident in colony color and carbon assimilation activities. Strain VG-21-10C is white-colored and assimilates glucose, glycerol, D-xylose, D-cellobiose, D-saccharose, and D-raffinose as carbon sources. Strain GR9 is cream-colored and assimilates glucose, D-saccharose, and D-raffinose as carbon sources.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1994

We have investigated the chemical composition of dust grains in novae by computing the model spectra for the novae that showed temporary infrared developments shortly after their optical explosions. We find that a simple spherical dust shell models with hot blackbody central sources fit observations fairly well. Optical properties of dust grains deduced from modeling of AGB stars have been used for present calculations. We find that amorphous carbon grains appear to be the major infrared re-emission sources for the carbon-rich nova shells, and the silicate grains for the oxygen-rich nova shells.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.433-440
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• 2014

In this study, a method for the low-carbon active distribution system (ADS) planning is proposed. It takes into account the impacts of both network capacity and demand correlation to the renewable energy accommodation, and incorporates demand response (DR) as an available resource in the ADS planning. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model, whereby the optimal allocation of renewable energy sources and the design of DR contract (i.e. payment incentives and default penalties) are determined simultaneously, in order to achieve the minimization of total cost and $CO_2$ emissions subjected to the system constraints. The uncertainties that involved are also considered by using the scenario synthesis method with the improved Taguchi's orthogonal array testing for reducing information redundancy. A novel cuckoo search (CS) is applied for the planning optimization. The case study results confirm the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.