• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.376-379
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• 2013

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized using catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Oxygen plasma treatment was applied to modify surface state of the CNTs synthesized for improvement of field emission performance. Surface state of the plasma treated CNTs was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface states of the CNTs were changed as a function of plasma treatment time. The oxygen related carbon shift was moved toward higher binding energy with the plasma treatment time. This result implies that the oxygen plasma treatment changes the surface state effectively. While any shift in carbon 1s peak was not detected for the as grown CNTs, oxygen related carbon shift was detected for the plasma treated CNTs. Carbon shift implies that closed CNT tips were opened by the oxygen plasma and reacted with oxygen species. Since the field emission occurs at pentagons or dangling bonds of the CNT tips, the increase of carbon-oxygen bonds plays an important role in field emission behavior by increasing the number of electron emission sites resulting in improvement of the field emission performance.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1214-1218
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• 2006

We introduced simple fabrication process for field emission devices based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emitters. Instead of using the ITO material as a transparent electrode, a metal (Au) with thickness of 5-20nm was used. Moreover, the ITO patterning process was eliminated by depositing metal layer, before the CNT printing process. In addition, the thin metal layer on photo resist (PR) layer was used as UV block. We fabricated the CNT field emission arrays of triode structure with simple process. And I-V characteristics of field emission arrays were measured. The maximum current density of $254{\mu}A/cm2$ was achieved when the gate and the anode voltage was kept 150V and 3000V, respectively. The distance between anode and cathode was kept constant.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.201-201
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• 2012

Using materials with high thermal conductivity is a matter of great concern in the field of thermal management. In this study, we present our experimental results on an important physical property of carbon nanotube (CNT) films, two-dimensional thermal conductivity obtained by using an optical method based on Raman spectroscopy. We prepared four kinds of CNT films to investigate the effect of CNT type on heat spreading performance of films. This first comparative study using the optical method shows that the arc-discharge single-walled carbon nanotubes yield the best heat spreading film. And we observed thermal conductivity values of CNT films with various transmittances and found that the Raman method works as long as the sample is a transparent film. This study provides useful information on characterization of thermal conduction in transparent CNT films and could be an important step toward high-performance carbon-based heat spreading films.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1219-1224
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• 2006

This study investigates the effect of $NH_3$ gas upon the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using thermal chemical vapor deposition. It is considered that the CNT synthesis occurs mainly through two steps, clustering of catalyst particles and subsequent growth of CNTs. We thus introduced $NH_3$ during either an annealing or growth step. When $NH_3$ was fed only during annealing, CNTs grew longer and more highly crystalline with diameters unchanged. An addition of $NH_3$ during growth, however, resulted in shorter CNTs with lower crystallinity while increased their diameters. Vertically aligned, highly populated CNT samples showed poor field emission characteristics, leading us to apply post-treatments onto the CNT surface. The CNTs were treated by adhesive tapes or etched back by dc plasma of $N_2$ to reduce the population density and the radius of curvatures of CNTs. We discuss the morphological changes of CNTs and their field emission properties upon surface treatments.

• Carbon letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.177-179
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• 2011

The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a reinforcing material in a polymer matrix has increased in various industries. In this study, the flexural behavior of CNT-modified epoxy/basalt (CNT/epoxy/basalt) composites is investigated. The effects of CNT modification with silane on the flexural properties of CNT/epoxy/basalt composites were also examined. Flexural tests were performed using epoxy/basalt, oxidized CNT/epoxy/basalt, and silanized CNT/epoxy/basalt multi-scale composites. After the flexural tests, the fracture surfaces of the specimens were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the fracture mechanisms of the CNT/epoxy/basalt multi-scale composites with respect to the CNT modification process. The flexural properties of the epoxy/basalt composites were improved by the addition of CNTs. The flexural modulus and strength of the silane-treated CNT/epoxy/basalt multi-scale composites increased by approximately 54% and 34%, respectively, compared to those of epoxy/basalt composites. A SEM examination of the fracture surfaces revealed that the improvement in the flexural properties of the silane-treated CNT/epoxy/basalt multi-scale composites could be attributed to the improved dispersion of the CNTs in the epoxy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.363.2-363.2
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• 2016

Stretchable strain sensors are becoming essential in diverse future applications, such as human motion detection, soft robotics, and various biomedical devices. One of the well-known approaches for fabricating stretchable strain sensors is to embed conductive nanomaterials such as metal nanowires/nanoparticles, graphene, conducting polymer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within an elastomeric substrate. Among various conducting nanomaterials, CNTs have been considered as important and promising candidate materials for stretchable strain sensors owing to their high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. In the past decades, CNT-based strain sensors with high stretchability or sensitivity have been developed. However, CNT-based strain sensors which show both high stretchability and sensitivity have not been reported. Herein, highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors were fabricated by integrating single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and nylon textiles via vacuum-assisted spray-layer-by-layer process. Our strain sensors had high sensitivity with 100 % tensile strain (gauge factor ~ 100). Cyclic tests confirmed that our strain sensors showed very robust and reliable characteristic. Moreover, our SWNTs-based strain sensors were easily and successfully integrated on human finger and knee to detect bending and walking motion. Our approach presented here might be route to preparing highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors with providing new opportunity to realize practical wearable devices.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.264-268
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• 2007

The filtration performance of micron-sized metal fibrous filter was improved by synthesizing carbon nanotubes grown on the surface of metal fibers. The carbon nanotubes are grown with bush-like nanostructures covered around the micron-fibers or web-like nanostructures crossing between the fibers at different synthetic conditions. Filtration efficiency of CNT-metal-filter was measured and compared with the efficiency of the raw metal filter without CNTs. The developed CNT-metal-filter has higher filtration efficiency without significant difference in pressure drop compared with the conventional metal filter, which is because the carbon nanotubes function as the trap of pollutant nanoparticles.

• Carbon letters
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• v.27
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is an important issue in modern daily life due to the increasing prevalence of electronic devices and their compact design. This study estimated EMI-shielding effect (EMI-SE) of small ($8-14{\times}17mm$) Hanji (Korean traditional paper) doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and compared to Hanji without CNT using $^2H$ (92.1 MHz) and $^{23}Na$ (158.7 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) peak area data obtained from 1 M NaCl in $D_2O$ samples in capillary tubes that were wrapped in the Hanji samples. The simpler method of using the variation of reflected power and tuning frequency by inserting the sample into an NMR coil was also tested at 242.9, 158.7, and 92.1 MHz. Overall, EMI shielding was relatively more effective at the higher frequencies. Our results validated that NMR methods to be useful to evaluate EMI-SE, particularly for small, flexible shielding materials, and demonstrated that EMI shielding by absorption is dominant in Hanji mixed with CNT.

• Composites Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.34-38
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• 2011

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely investigated as reinforcements of CNT/polymer nanocomposites to enhance mechanical and electrical properties of polymer matrices since their discovery in the early 90's. Furthermore, the number of studies about incorporating CNTs into carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) to reinforce their polymer matrices is increasing recently. In this study, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were dispersed in epoxy with 0.2 wt.% and 0.5 wt.%. Then, the SWNT/epoxy mixtures were processed to carbon fiber composites by a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) and a wet lay up method. The processed composite samples were tested for the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The relationship between the interlaminar shear strengths and processing, and the reinforcement mechanism of carbon nanotubes were investigated. CNT/epoxy nanocomposite specimens showed the increased tensile properties. However, the ILSS of carbon fiber composites was not enhanced by reinforcing the matrix with CNTs because of processing issues caused by increased viscosity of the matrix due to addition of CNTs particularly for a VARTM method.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.298-301
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• 2017

In the present work, we use multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as the starting material for the fabrication of sintered carbon steel. A comparison is made with conventionally sintered carbon steel, where graphite is used as the starting material. Milling is performed using a horizontal mill sintered in a vacuum furnace. We analyze the grain size, number of pores, X-ray diffraction patterns, and microstructure. Changes in the physical properties are determined by using the Archimedes method and Vickers hardness measurements. The result shows that the use of MWCNTs instead of graphite significantly reduces the size and volume of the pores as well as the grain size after sintering. The addition of $Y_2O_3$.to the Fe-MWCNT samples further inhibits the growth of grains.