• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.109-133
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• 2014

With a growing concern about climate change and green house gases mitigation, carbon labeling policy has been launched in several countries as an environmental policy which connects low carbon production to low carbon consumption. This research aims to propose a model that explains consumers' attitude and brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. This model specifies the consumer's psychological processes by which consumer values, such as autonomy and environmental values, affect carbon labeling product and corporate images and finally form brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. Panel data were collected in two separate surveys and analyzed using a structural equation technique. Results are summarized as follows. First, consumers' autonomy value(AV) positively affects locus of control(LC) and corporate image(CI). Second, consumers' environmental value(EV) positively influences perceived consumer effectiveness(PCE), which in turn has a negative effect on perceived barriers(PB). Perceived barriers finally affect product image(PI) negatively. Third, both corporate image and product image have causal relationships with brand loyalty. Our results suggest that carbon labeling policy contributes not only to the reduction of greenhouse gases but also to the increase of consumers' attitude and brand loyalty toward carbon labeling products. This research also provides governments with directions for efficient environmental policy and firms with guidance on effective marketing strategies about carbon labeling.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

With the adoption of the Paris Agreement, a new climate regime is intensifying the global interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In the meantime, Korea is preparing to introduce a new renewable energy carbon certification system in order to activate the use of renewable energy and to reduce carbon emissions in the entire life cycle of manufacturing and disposal of renewable energy facilities. Therefore, this study aims to identify the implications for the introduction of the carbon certification system and to establish a theoretical basis for the system design by examining the status of overseas carbon certification, international trade norms and trade disputes. As a result, carbon emissions certification is being implemented in developed countries such as EU, UK, France, USA and Japan, but only France, Germany and EU have adopted carbon certification for renewable energy sector. The analysis of the WTO TBT Agreement and GATT also confirmed the possibility of a violation of the international trade rules of the carbon certification system and derived nine international technical standards related to carbon certification. Finally, by examining the case of trade disputes related to environmental labeling, the minimum requirements to be considered at the institutional design stage were drawn to eliminate the possibility of trade disputes.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.709-720
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• 2015

After analyzing the actual acquisition status of carbon labeling by year and by product for the past four years, as well as its certification in the construction-related sectors of greenhouse gas emission, this study attempted to present the problems and coping strategies upon issuing the carbon labeling certification in the landscape architecture. During the period of this analysis, the carbon labelings were acquired by 134 enterprises, 267 workplaces, and 735 products, while the percentage of acquisition was highest in the regular non-durable goods(49%), followed by energy-consuming durable goods(26%), regular production goods (19%), regular durable goods(3%), and service(3%). Furthermore, the acquisition certifications in construction sectors, were highest in the various pipes/panel(8 cases), followed by concrete(6 cases), gypsum board(4 cases), and landscape architecture materials(2 cases). The landscape architecture only had two cases in the acquisition certification for the first time in 2012, which accounted for 0.27% of the entire certification products, due to the uncertainty in the process, the lack of professionalism, and the lack of comprehension. However, the study conducted on the coping strategies for carbon labeling in the landscape architecture revealed the following: (1) regular reporting system management through the division of labor in the head office and factories, (2) the building of objective DB through the adoption of data management programs such as SAP, (3) continuous promotion and vitalization of the incentive system, (4) the adoption of mandatory or preferential application system in landscaping projects, management, and bidding, (5) enhancement of elasticity in deliberation of certification by recruiting experts in the landscape architecture sectors, and (6) provision of incentives for the cooperative firms acquiring the certification and support for their participation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.389-406
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• 2011

As part of a feasibility study for introducing carbon labeling of fruit products in Korea, we explore the use of carbon footprints for Korean kiwifruit from Gyeongnam region as a case study. In Korea, the Korean Environmental Industry and Technology Institute (KEITI) is responsible for the carbon footprint labeling certification, and has two types of certification programs: one program focuses on climate change response (carbon footprint labeling analysis) and the other on low-carbon products (reduction of carbon footprints analysis). Currently agricultural products have not yet been included in the program. Carbon labeling could soon be a prerequisite for the international trading of agricultural products. In general the carbon footprints of various agricultural products from New Zealand followed the methodology described in the ISO standards and conformed to the PAS 2050. The carbon footprint assessment focuses on a supply chain, and considers the foreground and the background systems. The basic scheme consists of four phases, which are the 'goal', 'scope', 'inventory analysis', and 'interpretation' phases. In the case of the carbon footprint of New Zealand kiwifruit the study tried to understand each phase's contribution to total GHG emissions. According to the results, shipping, orchard, and coolstore operation are the main life cycle stages that contribute to the carbon footprint of the kiwifruit supply chain stretching from the orchard in New Zealand to the consumer in the UK. The carbon emission of long-distance transportation such as shipping can be a hot-spot of GHG emissions, but can be balanced out by minimizing the carbon footprint of other life cycle phases. For this reason it is important that orchard and coolstore operations reduce the GHG-intensive inputs such as fuel or electricity to minimize GHG emissions and consequently facilitate the industry to compete in international markets. The carbon footprint labeling guided by international standards should be introduced for fruit products in Korea as soon as possible. The already established LCA methodology of NZ kiwifruit can be applied for fruit products as a case study.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2014

In recent years, Korean government has focused on improving the environmental impact of products in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to achieve their energy goals. The government has been conducting the following polices such as green procurement inducement and certification system. After carbon labeling was conducted in 2009, among a total of 1,065 items, 97 building materials have been given a certification: finishing materials items have the highest weight (56%). The increase in the certification numbers shows that there has been considerable technical efforts in the building material industry. At the awareness of carbon label and purchase of low carbon product, however, customers are aware of carbon labeling but the purchasing rate of carbon product is low. In this paper, we suggest that low carbon activities must also be considered in order to create client value by adding the concept of ecological efficiency. The objective of this study to measurer the eco-efficiency of carbon labeled building materials on the basis of environmental aspects of the product with the perspective of economy for purchasing the excellent products.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2014

The Product Carbon Footprint Labeling has been run for more than four years by the Ministry of Environment and there are number of products labeled by KEITI(Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute), as for declaring products with their carbon emission during life cycle stages. There are several categories for certifying products by the characteristics of usage. Building products which are applied to a building as combined components or elements, are classified as production goods which means that the products are chosen by a business, not by a final consumer. In this paper, current status of PCF labeling has been reviewed focused on building products and the characteristics of carbon emission by a kind of product such as interior products, window products, structural products, system products and others. Until Dec. 2013, 82 products has been labeled and it covers about 53% among labeled product goods by the certification. Among the labeled building products, interior products are main products. From the results of comparison, variations of emission amounts by products have been found and the cause of variation could be explained by the purpose and material properties of products. However, the exact reason for variations cannot be acquired because of lack of information and the short operation period of the certification program. Further studies and more products are needed to be studied and analyzed focused on the emission characteristic by each product and to suggest reduction technologies for sustainable building products.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.516-520
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• 1995

The anti-dansyl antibodies were specifically labeled with stable isotope by growing hybridoma cells in serum-free medium. Assignments of the observed carbonyl carbon resonances have been determined by using $^{13}C-{15}N$ double labeling method in order to assign the Leu resonances. However, when the identical dipeptide appears more than twice in the polypeptide sequences, we applied the proteolytic fragments in the fragment-specific method. Carboxypep-tidase B-treated antibody has also been used to assign the Lys-447 in C terminal amino acid. These unambiguously assigned carbonyl carbon resonances in antibodies are thought to be useful in elucidating not only the structure of antibodies but also the structure-function relationship in the antibody by $^{13}C$ neuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 2022

Protein glycosylation is a common post-translational modification by non-template-based biosynthesis. In fungal biotechnology, which has great applications in pharmaceuticals and industries, the importance of research on fungal glycoproteins and glycans is accelerating. In particular, the importance of quantitative analysis of fungal glycans is emerging in research on the production of filamentous fungal proteins by genetic modification. Reliable mass spectrometry-based techniques for quantitative glycomics have evolved into chemical, enzymatic, and metabolic stable isotope labeling methods. In this study, we intend to expand quantitative glycomics by metabolic isotope labeling of glycans in Aspergillus niger, a filamentous fungus model, by the MILPIG method. We demonstrate that incubation of filamentous fungi in a culture medium with carbon-13 labeled glucose (1-¹³C₁) efficiently incorporates carbon-13 into N-linked glycans. In addition, for quantitative validation of this method, light and heavy glycans are mixed 1:1 to show the performance of quantitative analysis of various N-linked glycans simultaneously. We have successfully quantified fungal glycans by MILPIG and expect it to be widely applicable to glycan expression levels under various biological conditions in fungi.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.223
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• pp.62-67
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• 2011

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.196
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• pp.76-80
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• 2009