• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2010.04a
• /
• pp.137-140
• /
• 2010

국가 또는 단체가 기후변화에 대응하기 위해서는 온실가스 배출량을 정확하게 파악하고, 실현가능한 감축목표를 설정한 뒤, 각 세부 분야에서 효과적인 감축전략 및 계획을 세워야 한다. 탄소발자국은 인간의 활동이 환경에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 나타내는 지표이다. 탄소발자국을 계산하기 위해서는 직접 영역과 간접 영역으로 세분화하여 계산하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 단위 범위 차원의 탄소발자국 계산 방법을 연구하였다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.70-80
• /
• 2008

화석연료 사용에 따른 클린에너지 및 "carbon footprint" 절감을 위해 태양광발전과 같은 직접적인 에너지 대안기술에서부터 조명 및 표시소자로서의 LED 고효율화 기술, 레이저를 이용한 비접촉성, 고속, 초정밀 측정 기술을 바탕으로 하는 공정 관리기술, 그리고 오염원검출 및 추출기술 관련 등 그린 포토닉스 기술 활용에 관심이 급증하고 있다. OIDA 보고 2010년경 100억 달러 수준의 부품시장이 형성될 것으로 예측되는 그린 포토닉스 분야의 기술개발 동향을 설명한다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.502-509
• /
• 2013

To estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, we established inventory of conventional rice cultivation from farmers in Gunsan and Iksan, Jeonbuk province in 2011~2012. This study was to calculate carbon footprint and to analyse the major factor of GHGs. We carried out a sensitivity analysis using the analyzed main factors of GHGs and estimated the mitigation potential of GHGs. Also we tried to suggest agricultural methods to reduce GHGs that farmers of this case study can apply. Carbon footprint of rice production unit of 1 kg was 2.21 kg $CO_2.-eq.kg^{-1}$. Although amount of $CO_2$ emissions is largest among GHGs, methane had the highest contribution of carbon footprint on rice production system after methane was converted to carbon dioxide equivalent ($CO_2$-eq.) multiplied by the global warming potential (GWP). Source of $CO_2$ in the cultivation of rice farming is incomplete combustion of fossil fuels used by agricultural machinery. Most of the $CH_4$ emitted during rice cultivation and major factor of $CH_4$ emission is flooded paddy field in anaerobic condition. Most of the $N_2O$ emitted from rice cultivation process and major sources of $N_2O$ emission is application of fertilizer such as compound fertilizer, urea, orgainc fertilizer, etc. As a result of sensitivity analysis due to the variation in energy consumption, diesel had the highest sensitivity among the energies inputs. If diesel consumption is reduced by 10%, it could be estimated that $CO_2$ potential reduction is about 2.5%. When application rate of compound fertilizer reduces by 10%, the potential reduction is calculated to be approximately 1% for $CO_2$ and approximately 1.8% for $N_2O$. When drainage duration is decreased until 10 days, methane emissions is reduced by approximately 4.5%. That is to say drainage days, tillage, and reducing diesel consumption were the main sources having the largest effect of GHG reduction due to changing amount of inputs. Accordingly, proposed methods to decrease GHG emissions were no-tillage, midsummer drainage, etc.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.1157-1163
• /
• 2012

This study was performed a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) among three rice production systems in order to analyze the difference of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and environment impacts. Its life cycle inventory (LCI) database (DB) was established using data obtained from interview with conventional, without agricultural chemical and organic farming at Gunsan and Iksan, Jeonbuk province in 2011. According to the result of LCI analysis, $CO_2$ was mostly emitted from fertilizer production process and rice cropping phase. $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ were almost emitted from rice cultivation phase. The value of carbon footprint to produce 1 kg rice (unhulled) on conventional rice production system was 1.01E+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ and it was the highest value among three rice production systems. The value of carbon footprints on without agricultural chemical and organic rice production systems were 5.37E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ and 6.58E-01 $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Without agricultural chemical rice production system whose input amount was the smallest had the lowest value of carbon footprint. Although the yield of rice from organic farming was the lowest, its value of carbon footprint less than that of conventional farming. Because there is no compound fertilizer inputs in organic farming. Compound fertilizer production and methane emission during rice cultivation were the main factor to GHGs emission in conventional and without agricultural chemical rice production systems. In organic rice production system, the main factors to GHGs emission were using fossil fuel on machine operation and methane emission from rice paddy field.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.625-635
• /
• 2021

South Korea established the 2050 Carbon Neutral Plan in response to the climate crisis, and to achieve this policy, it is very important to monitor domestic carbon emissions and atmospheric carbon concentration. Both CO₂ and CO are emitted from fossil fuel combustion processes, but the relative ratios depend on the combustion efficiency and the strength of local emission regulations. In this study, the relationship between CO₂ and CO was analyzed using ground observation data for the period of 2018~2020 at Anmyeon-do site and the CO/CO₂ ratio according to regional origin during high CO₂ cases was investigated based on the footprint simulated from Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model. CO₂ and CO showed a positive correlation with correlation coefficient of 0.66 (p < 0.01), and averaged footprints during high CO₂ cases confirmed that air particles mainly originated from eastern and north-eastern China, and inland of Korean Peninsula. In addition, it was revealed that among the cases of high CO₂ concentration, when the CO/CO₂ ratio is high, the industrial area of eastern China is greatly affected, and when the ratio is low, the contribution of the domestic region is relatively high. The ratio of CO₂ and CO in this study is significant in that it can be used as a useful factor in determining the possibility of domestic and foreign origins of climate pollutants.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.489-499
• /
• 2017

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a new technology capable to flow without segregation or any addition of energy which leads to efficient construction and cost savings. In this study, the effect of replacing the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with Fly Ash (FA) on the strength, durability of the concrete was investigated experimentally, and carbon footprint and cost were also assessed. Four different replacement FA ratios (0%, 20%, 40% and 60%) were used to create four SCC mixes. Standard test methods were used to determine the workability, strength, and durability of the SCC mixes including resist chloride ion penetration, water permeability, water absorption, and initial surface absorption. The axial cube compressive strength tests were performed on the SCC mixes at 1, 7, 14, 28 and 35 days. Replacing the OPC with FA had a significant positive impact on chloride iron penetration resistance and water absorption but had a considerable negative impact on the compressive strength. The SCC mix with 60% FA had 36.7% and 15.8% enhancement in the resistance to chloride ion penetration and water absorption, respectively. Evaluation of the carbon footprint and the cost of each SCC mixes showed the $CO_2$ emissions mixes 1, 2, 3 and 4 were significantly reduced by increasing the FA content from 0% to 60%. Compared with the control mix, the cost of all mixes increased when the FA content increased, but no significant differences were seen between the estimated costs of all four mixes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.57-57
• /
• 2011

탄소발자국(carbon footprint)은 인간의 생산 및 소비활동 전 과정에서 발생하는 온실가스의 양을 나타내는 지표 중 하나로, 최근 기후변화 대응 전략의 일환으로 국제사회의 주목을 받고 있는 개념이다. 현재 영국, 일본, 스위스, 프랑스, 미국 등 선진국을 중심으로 탄소발자국 산정을 통해 온실가스 배출을 저감하려는 시도가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 탄소발자국 개념을 물관리 분야로까지 확대 적용하는 방안이 논의되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 영국과 미국의 서로 다른 형태의 물분야 탄소발자국 산정 방안을 비교 분석함으로써 우리나라의 효율적인 기후변화 대응 물관리 계획에 적용하는 방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 영국은 2008년 제정된 기후변화법에 따라 탄소 저감 목표를 수립하고 정부 차원에서 마련한 표준화된 탄소 산정 가이드라인을 바탕으로 지역 물회사들로 하여금 탄소발자국 산정 및 온실가스 저감계획을 이행하도록 하고 있다. 반면 미국의 경우, 정부 차원에서 탄소라벨링 시스템이 제도화되어 있지는 않으나, 하천네트워크(River Network)와 같은 비영리 민간단체를 통해 물 분야의 탄소 저감 인벤토리가 구축되어 왔다. 현재 우리나라 수자원 분야에서 한국수자원공사가 일부 지역 정수장의 수돗물 및 병물의 생산 및 공급 전 과정에서 발생하는 탄소를 정량화하고 있으나, 물관리 시스템 전반의 온실가스 인벤토리 구축을 통한 표준화된 저감계획이 수립되지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 우선 영국과 미국에서 진행되어 온 물 분야 탄소발자국 논의의 배경과 동향 및 시행 체계를 살펴보고, 영국 정부 차원에서 제시한 물 분야 탄소 산정 가이드라인과 미국 민간부문에서 제시한 안을 각 항목별로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 두 나라가 비슷한 시기에 탄소발자국 논의를 시작하였음에도 불구하고 실제 적용 과정에서 나타나는 차이점과 특수성을 분석하였다. 탄소발자국 산정은 오늘날 수자원 분야의 기후변화 대응력을 강화하기 위한 대안으로 그 중요성이 점차 증대되고 있다. 영국과 미국의 사례에서 살펴보았듯이 효율적인 온실가스 감축을 위해서는 총괄적인 온실가스 감축 인벤토리 구축이 선행되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 국내 물관리 분야에서 저감 잠재력이 큰 곳을 중심으로 한 온실가스 저감계획 및 방향 설정에 유의한 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2016

The development of a binder system with a lower carbon footprint as an alternative to Portland cement has been intensely researched. In the present study, alkali-activated fly ash exposed to carbon dioxide at an early age was characterized in compressive strength tests and by MIP, XRD and FT-IR analyses. The compressive strength of carbonated specimens experienced a dramatic increase in comparison to uncarbonated specimens. The microstructural densification of the carbonated specimens was evidenced by MIP. The XRD pattern showed peaks assigned to nahcolite, indicating that the pH was lower in the carbonated specimens. Under the carbon dioxide-rich environment, the aluminosilicate gel reached a more Si-rich state, which improved the mechanical properties of the alkali-activated fly ash.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.259-260
• /
• 2016

Recently, world-wide focusing on the interest for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions associated with climate change and global warming, South Korea also has set up a national greenhouse gas reduction target and action plans seeking to achieve them. In particular, in the construction area, to encourage green building certification of the building and carbon labeling acquisition of building products, in order to reduce the environmental impact caused by the industrial activities have been in steady efforts. Therefore, this study estimates the life cycle carbon footprint of building construction materials applied to carbon emissions reduction technology and analyzes the results. Through the CO₂ emissions analysis in construction phase and maintenance phase of the building, it provides basic resource for future research expansion and establishes a step-by-step whole life cycle carbon emissions reduction plan in new construction and existing buildings.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.65 no.2
• /
• pp.427-440
• /
• 2023

The current study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from beef and pork production and distribution chains in the South Korean meat industry. Data from industrial example farms and slaughterhouses were assessed on the basis of both the guidelines from the United Kingdom's Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 2050:2011 and the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute carbon footprint calculation. The main factors for our estimations were animal feeds, manure waste, transportation, energy and water, refrigerants, and package data. Our analyses show that 16.55 kg CO₂ equivalent (eq) was emitted during the production of 1 kg of live cattle. When retail yields and packing processes were considered, the CO₂-eq of 1 kg of packaged Hanwoo beef was 27.86 kg. As for pigs, emissions from 1 kg of live pigs and packaged pork meat were 2.62 and 12.75 kg CO₂-eq, respectively. While we gathered data from only two farms and slaughterhouses and our findings can therefore not be extrapolated to all meats produced in the South Korean meat industry, they indicate that manure waste is the greatest factor affecting ultimate CO₂ emissions of packaged meats.