• Applied Microscopy
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2016

This paper describes a new design of carbon nanotube tip. $Nanocly^{TM}$ NC 7000 Thin Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes of carbon purity (90%) and average diameter tube 9.5 nm with a high aspect-ratio (>150) were used. These tips were manufactured by employing a drawing technique using a glass puller. The glass microemitters with internal carbon nanotubes show a switch-on effect to a high current level (1 to $20{\mu}A$). A field electron microscope with a tip (cathode)-screen (anode) separation at ~10 mm was used to characterize the electron emitters. The system was evacuated down to a base pressure of ${\sim}10^{-9}$ mbar when baked at up to ${\sim}200^{\circ}C$ overnight. This allowed measurements of typical Field Electron Emission characteristics; namely the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and the emission images on a conductive phosphorus screen (the anode). Fowler-Nordheim plots of the current-voltage characteristics show current switch-on for each of these emitters.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.50-51
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• 2019

Globally, South Korea is a country that has a lot of $CO_2$ emissions and has steadily increased its total greenhouse gas emissions since the 1990s. With the recent implementation of the carbon emission trading system in Korea, the importance of calculating $CO_2$ emissions of construction equipment is increasing, hence the need for accurate calculation of environmental penalties through allocating carbon emission rights. This study presents a methodology to predict the price of carbon credits using big data analysis method. This methodology is based on correlating and regression analysis of trends in carbon emission prices and search volumes. This study aims to support faster and more accurate budget calculations in the planning of the construction process based on the predicted price of carbon emission rights.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.495-522
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• 2011

이 연구는 탄소세를 도입하고 있는 핀란드, 네덜란드, 뉴질랜드, 스웨덴, 영국 등의 국가들을 중심으로 탄소세 도입 전후로 이산화탄소배출량, 에너지 사용 및 경제성장간의 상관관계를 단기동태 벡터오차자기수정모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 첫째, 핀란드, 뉴질랜드, 스웨덴의 경우 먼저 변수사이의 공적분 관계에서 모든 변수에서 계수값이 부(-)로 나타났으며(너머지 국가에서는 이 값이 정(+)으로 나타남), 이산화탄소배출량 방정식을 제외하고 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나고 있다. 이것은 장기적인 균형관계로부터의 이탈이 발생하는 경우 이산화탄소배출량을 제외한 모든 변수들이 감소하는 방향으로 조정된다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 탄소세의 도입이 이산화탄소의 배출에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지 분석한 결과는 핀란드, 뉴질랜드, 스웨덴의 경우 변수사이의 공적분 관계에서 모든 변수에서 계수값이 부(-)로 나타났다(나머지 국가에서는 이 값이 정(+)으로 나타남). 한편 탄소세 도입 이후의 단기적인 동태분석의 경우 뉴질랜드와 스웨덴의 경우는 핀란드와 유사한 결과를 보여주고 있으며, 결과적으로 탄소세 도입 이후에 탄소배출량 및 에너지사용량이 감소했다는 증거는 단기적인 관점에서 제시하기 어렵다. 그러나 네덜란드와 영국의 경우 탄소배출량의 증가는 오히려 산출량을 감소시키고 있다는 결과가 나왔다. 이것은 탄소배출량을 줄이기 위하여, 네덜란드와 영국의 경우에는 보다 공격적인 정책이 실시될 필요가 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2014

Country-specific data for net calorific values and carbon emission factors requires for a higher tier estimate of greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector. The objective of this study is to develop country-specific net calorific values and carbon emission factors for petroleum energy produced in Korea. Calorific values and carbon contents of the fuels were measured using the oxygen bomb calorimeter method and the CHN elemental analysis method, respectively. Sulfur and hydrogen contents, which were used to calculate the net calorific value, were also measured and then net calorific values and carbon emission factors were determined based on the measurement results. The net calorific values and carbon emission factors determined for the petroleum produced in Korea 2012 and 2013 were compared to those in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Most of the values were different compared with the default values of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines although those were placed within their upper and lower limits. Time series analysis results showed inconsistent seasonal variation for the net calorific values and carbon emission factors.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.104-117
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• 1998

Rising concern about climate change has evoked interest in the potential for urban vegetation to help reduce the level of atmospheric CO\sub 2\, a major heat-trapping gas. This study quantified the functio of home energy savings and carbon emission reduction by shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed reduction of urban vegetatioin in Chuncheon. Tree and shrub cover averaged approximately 13% in residential land. The effects of shading, evapotranspiration and windspeed reduction annually saved heating energy by 2.2% and cooling energy by 8.8%. The heating and cooling energy savings reduced carbon emissions by 3.0% annually. These avoided emissions equaled the amount of carbon emitted annually from fossil fuel consumption by a population of about 1,230. Carbon emission reduction per residential building was 55kg for detached buildings and 872 kg for multifamily buildings. Urban vegetation annually decreased heating and cooling energy cost by ￦1.1 billions, which were equivalent to annual savings of ￦10,000 savings and carbon emission reduction due to tree plantings in the wrong locations, while windspeed reduction had a great effect. Plantings fo large trees close to the west and east wall of buildings, full tree plantings on the north, and avoidance of shade-tree plantings or selection of solar-friendlytrees on the south were recommended to improve the function of building energy savings and carbon emission reduction by urban vegetation.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.696-699
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• 2004

Of the emissive display technologies, field emission displays using pasted carbon nanotubes offer several advantages over other competing cathode materials such as low driving voltage, possible large-area and low-cost processes. In this study, formulation of carbon nanotube paste and its electron field emission properties are characterized. Also the effects of additive powders and surface morphology on electron emission are reported.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2007년도 7th International Meeting on Information Display 제7권2호
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• pp.1590-1592
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• 2007

In this study, we prepared CNF (carbon nanofiber) by the solvothermal method for FED (field emission display) applications. We controlled several conditions to synthesize effective CNF for field emission applications. Nano-sizesd Pt nanoparticles were coated on the CNF. In this study, we have applied Pt nanoparticles- coated CNF which can be produced in mass, to field emission application.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2007년도 7th International Meeting on Information Display 제7권1호
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• pp.778-781
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• 2007

The dispersion of carbon nanotubes in composite and their field emission superiority have been discussed. Four synthesis methods have been studied. The CNT-composite, synthesized by the combination of the chemical and mechanical dispersion routes shows superior dispersion as well as field emission characteristics as compared to other syntheses methods.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.59-72
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to propose the concrete and realistic alternative measures for $CO_2$ emission reduction on commercial sector. To achieve the purpose, this study adopted AIM/KOREA simulation model modified from AIM(Asia-Pacific Integrated Model) originally developed by Japan National Environmental Research Institute. The results of simulation demonstrate that the $CO_2$ emission from the commercial sector in 1995 was estimated 864 million TC(tons of carbon); however, according to the base scenario, $CO_2$ emission in 2020 is expected to be increased to 1,872 million TC, which is 2.17 times greater than that in 1995. In order to mitigate the ever-increasing $CO_2$ emission, the results of AIM/KOREA simulations under various scenarios showed that the 30-thousand-won carbon tax scenario does not successfully motivate the selection of advanced technology; however, with the 300-thousand-won carbon tax, a substantial amount of $CO_2$ emission reduction by 1.69 million TC from the BaU((Business-as-Usual)scenario is expected to be achieved by year 2020. Such substantial reduction of $CO_2$ emission under the 300-thoudsand-won carbon tax scenario is due to the introduction of advanced technology, such as use of condensing boilers, forced by heavier carbon tax. Under the scenario that presumes the maximum introduction of gas-burning industrial appliances, an 2.66 million TC of $CO_2$ reduction was expected. The results of this study suggest that the $CO_2$ emission reduction measures can be interpreted in many different views. However, if people and industries are fully aware of the economic benefit of energy saving, a certain level of $CO_2$ reduction by a successful introduction of advanced energy saving technology appears to be achieved without carbon tax or subsidies.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제18D권5호
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• pp.371-384
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• 2011

본 논문은 운송비용과 탄소배출비용을 고려한 최적 운송수단 선정에 대한 물류의사결정 시스템을 설계하고자 한다. 기존 연구는 운송비용과 운송모드별 용량을 고려하여 최적의 운송수단을 선정하였으나, 온실가스 배출규제에 대응하기 위해 운송비용과 용량 뿐만 아니라 탄소배출비용을 통합적으로 고려하여 물류체계를 설계할 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 탄소배출을 고려한 우리나라의 복합운송에 대한 운송수단 선택과 비용과 CO2배출의 Trade-off관계에 대한 접점을 찾아 분석하고 향후 나아갈 방안에 대해 제시하고자 한다. 탄소배출비용을 고려한 최적 운송수단 의사결정 문제는 혼합정수계획 모형으로 모델링되었으며, 운송비용과 탄소배출비용 사이의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 서울-부산 간 컨테이너 운송에 있어서의 다양한 시나리오를 도출하였다. 각각의 시나리오는 개발된 의사결정 시스템을 통하여 분석되었으며, 분석결과 단위 이동 거리당 탄소배출량이 낮은 것으로 알려져 있는 해상운송과 같은 대량운송 수단이 경우에 따라 더 많은 탄소를 배출하는 것으로 나타났다. 대량운송 수단의 경우 항만이나 철도역까지의 트럭운송에서의 우회가 증가된 탄소 배출의 주요 원인이었다. 제안된 물류의사결정 시스템은 녹색물류 및 그린SCM에서의 탄소배출비용과 물류비용사이의 관계를 이해하는데 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.