• Title/Summary/Keyword: carbon capture utilization

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A Study of Upgrading Real Biogas via CO2 Precipitation Route Under Indian Scenario

  • Gehlaut, Avneesh Kumar;Gaur, Ankur;Hasan, Shabih Ul;Park, Jin-Won
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.381-387
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    • 2018
  • Our study focuses on upgrading real biogas obtained under Indian scenario using carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology to remove carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and utilize it by forming metal carbonate. Amines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were used to rapidly convert gaseous $CO_2$ to aqueous $CO_2$, and $BaCl_2$ was used as an additive to react with the aqueous $CO_2$ and rapidly precipitating the aqueous $CO_2$. All experiments were conducted at $25^{\circ}C$ and 1 atm. We analyzed the characteristics of the $BaCO_3$ precipitates using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy - Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. The precipitates exhibited witherite morphology confirmed by the XRD results, and FT-IR confirmed that the metal salt formed was $BaCO_3$, and EDS showed that there were no traces of impurities present in it. The quantity of the $BaCO_3$ was larger when formed with DEA. Also, a comparison was done with a previous study of ours conducted in Korean conditions. Finally, we observed that the carbonate obtained using real biogas showed similar properties to carbonates available in the market. An economic analysis was done to show the cost effectiveness of the method employed by us.

Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Reduction in the Gliding Arc Plasma Discharge (글라이딩 아크 플라즈마 방전에 의한 이산화탄소 저감 특성)

  • Lim, Mun Sup;Kim, Seung Ho;Chun, Young Nam
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 2015
  • CCU (Carbon Capture & Utilization) has a potential technology for the reduction and usage of carbon dioxide which is greenhouse gas emitting from a fossil fuel buring. To decompose the carbon dioxide, a three phase gliding arc plasma-catalytic reactor was designed and manufactured. Experiments of carbon dioxide reduction was performed by varying the gas flow rate with feeding the $CO_2$ only as well as the input power, the catalyst type and steam supply with respect to the injection of the mixture of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$. The $CO_2$ decomposition rate was 7.9% and the energy efficiency was $0.0013L/min{\cdot}W$ at a $CO_2$ flow rate of 12 L/min only. Carbon monoxide and oxygen was generated in accordance with the destruction of carbon dioxide. When the injection ratio of $CH_4/CO_2$ reached 1.29, the $CO_2$ destruction and $CH_4$ conversion rates were 37.8% and 56.6% respectively at a power supply of 0.76 kW. During the installation of $NiO/Al_2O_3$ catalyst bed, the $CO_2$ destruction and $CH_4$ conversion rates were 11.5% and 9.9% respectively. The steam supply parameter do not have any significant effects on the carbon dioxide decomposition.

Application of Inclusive Environmental Impact Assessment for Newly-Proposed Airport in Korea (동남권 신공항 건설에 대한 포괄적 환경영향평가 기법의 적용)

  • Lee, Hee-Su;Park, Jong-Chun;Kim, Hyo-Seob;Jang, Chang-Hwan
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.54-58
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    • 2011
  • The need and importance of developing and utilizing the oceans, not only as sources of renewable energy and mineral resources, but also as countermeasures to global warming such as for CCS (carbon capture and storage), have continued to increase, especially in countries with limited land areas and resources. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the sustainability of an ocean utilization technology or system not only from an economic point of view but also from an ecological one. For this purpose, it might be effective to develop a comprehensive evaluation method and/or index, by which the assessment of and decisions about a technology and system can be made more objectively. It would also be useful to have an environmental simulation model, which was developed and reported in a previous research. The aim of this study was to modify a reasonable and quantitative index, with which a comprehensive evaluation system can be established, to assess environmental sustainability and risk.

The Performance Evaluation of In-situ Carbonation Mortar Using Gaseous CO2 (기체 CO2를 사용한 In-situ 탄산화 모르타르 성능평가)

  • Changgun Park;Deukhyun Ryu;Seongwoo Choi;Kwangwoo Wi;Seungmin Lim
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.226-233
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    • 2023
  • In this study, two phases were conducted to investigate the direct injection of gaseous CO2 into cement mortar. The aim was to advance carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology by harnessing industrial waste CO2 from the domestic ready-mixed concrete industry. In the first phase, the factors influencing the physical properties of cement mortar when using gaseous CO2 were identified. This included a review of materials to achieve physical properties comparable to a reference formulation. As a result of this phase, it was confirmed that traditional approaches, such as adjusting the water-to-cement ratio, had limitations in achieving the desired physical properties. Consequently, the second phase focused on the optimization of CO2-injected mortar. This involved studying the CO2 application and mixing method for cement mortar. Changes in properties were observed when gaseous CO2 was injected into the mortar. The optimal injection quantity and time to enhance the compressive strength of mortar were determinded. As a result, this study indicated that an extra mixing time exceeding 120 seconds was necessary, compared to conventional mortar. The optimal CO2 injection rate was identified as 0.1 to 0.2 % by weight of cement, taking both flowability and compressive strength performance into account. Increasing the CO2 injection time did not further enhance strength. For this approach to be employed as a CCUS technology, additional studies are required, including a microstructural analysis evaluating the amount of immobilized CO2.

CO2 Mineral Carbonation Reactor Analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics: Internal Reactor Design Study for the Efficient Mixing of Solid Reactants in the Solution (전산유체역학을 이용한 이산화탄소 광물 탄산화 반응기 분석: 용액 내 고체 반응물 교반 향상을 위한 내부 구조 설계)

  • Park, Seongeon;Na, Jonggeol;Kim, Minjun;An, Jinjoo;Lee, Chaehee;Han, Chonghun
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.54 no.5
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    • pp.612-620
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    • 2016
  • Aqueous mineral carbonation process, in which $CO_2$ is captured through the reaction with aqueous calcium oxide (CaO) solution, is one of CCU technology enabling the stable sequestration of $CO_2$ as well as economic value creation from its products. In order to enhance the carbon capture efficiency, it is required to maximize the dissolution rate of solid reactants, CaO. For this purpose, the proper design of a reactor, which can achieve the uniform distribution of solid reactants throughout the whole reactor, is essential. In this paper, the effect of internal reactor designs on the solid dispersion quality is studied by using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) techniques for the pilot-scale reactor which can handle 40 ton of $CO_2$ per day. Various combination cases consisting of different internal design variables, such as types, numbers, diameters, clearances and speed of impellers and length and width of baffles are analyzed for the stirred tank reactor with a fixed tank geometry. By conducting sensitivity analysis, we could distinguish critical variables and their impacts on solid distribution. At the same time, the reactor design which can produce solid distribution profile with a standard deviation value of 0.001 is proposed.

Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Monoxide Production via Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential (전기화학적 이산화탄소 환원을 통한 일산화탄소 생산 공정의 전과정평가 : 온실가스 저감 잠재량 분석)

  • Roh, Kosan
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2022
  • Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction technology, one of the promising solutions for climate change, can convert CO2, a representative greenhouse gas (GHG), into valuable base chemicals using electric energy. In particular, carbon monoxide (CO), among various candidate products, is attracting much attention from both academia and industry because of its high Faraday efficiency, promising economic feasibility, and relatively large market size. Although numerous previous studies have recently analyzed the GHG reduction potential of this technology, the assumptions made and inventory data used are neither consistent nor transparent. In this study, a comparative life cycle assessment was carried out to analyze the potential for reducing GHG emissions in the electrochemical CO production process in a more transparent way. By defining three different system boundaries, the global warming impact was compared with that of a fossil fuel-based CO production process. The results confirmed that the emission factor of electric energy supplied to CO2-electrolyzers should be much lower than that of the current national power generation sector in order to mitigate GHG emissions by replacing conventional CO production with electrochemical CO production. Also, it is important to disclose transparently inventory data of the conventional CO production process for a more reliable analysis of GHG reduction potential.

Optimal Temperature and Light Intensity for Improved Mixotrophic Metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana Treating Livestock Wastewater

  • Lee, Tae-Hun;Jang, Jae Kyung;Kim, Hyun-Woo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.27 no.11
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    • pp.2010-2018
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    • 2017
  • Mixotrophic microalgal growth gives a great premise for wastewater treatment based on photoautotrophic nutrient utilization and heterotrophic organic removal while producing renewable biomass. There remains a need for a control strategy to enrich them in a photobioreactor. This study performed a series of batch experiments using a mixotroph, Chlorella sorokiniana, to characterize optimal guidelines of mixotrophic growth based on a statistical design of the experiment. Using a central composite design, this study evaluated how temperature and light irradiance are associated with $CO_2$ capture and organic carbon respiration through biomass production and ammonia removal kinetics. By conducting regressions on the experimental data, response surfaces were created to suggest proper ranges of temperature and light irradiance that mixotrophs can beneficially use as two types of energy sources. The results identified that efficient mixotrophic metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana for organics and inorganics occurs at the temperature of $30-40^{\circ}C$ and diurnal light condition of $150-200{\mu}mol\;E{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The optimal specific growth rate and ammonia removal rate were recorded as 0.51/d and 0.56/h on average, respectively, and the confirmation test verified that the organic removal rate was $105mg\;COD{\cdot}l^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. These results support the development of a viable option for sustainable treatment and effluent quality management of problematic livestock wastewater.

A Comprehensive Review of Geological CO2 Sequestration in Basalt Formations (현무암 CO2 지중저장 해외 연구 사례 조사 및 타당성 분석)

  • Hyunjeong Jeon;Hyung Chul Shin;Tae Kwon Yun;Weon Shik Han;Jaehoon Jeong;Jaehwii Gwag
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.311-330
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    • 2023
  • Development of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technique is becoming increasingly important as a method to mitigate the strengthening effects of global warming, generated from the unprecedented increase in released anthropogenic CO2. In the recent years, the characteristics of basaltic rocks (i.e., large volume, high reactivity and surplus of cation components) have been recognized to be potentially favorable in facilitation of CCS; based on this, research on utilization of basaltic formations for underground CO2 storage is currently ongoing in various fields. This study investigated the feasibility of underground storage of CO2 in basalt, based on the examination of the CO2 storage mechanisms in subsurface, assessment of basalt characteristics, and review of the global research on basaltic CO2 storage. The global research examined were classified into experimental/modeling/field demonstration, based on the methods utilized. Experimental conditions used in research demonstrated temperatures ranging from 20 to 250 ℃, pressure ranging from 0.1 to 30 MPa, and the rock-fluid reaction time ranging from several hours to four years. Modeling research on basalt involved construction of models similar to the potential storage sites, with examination of changes in fluid dynamics and geochemical factors before and after CO2-fluid injection. The investigation demonstrated that basalt has large potential for CO2 storage, along with capacity for rapid mineralization reactions; these factors lessens the environmental constraints (i.e., temperature, pressure, and geological structures) generally required for CO2 storage. The success of major field demonstration projects, the CarbFix project and the Wallula project, indicate that basalt is promising geological formation to facilitate CCS. However, usage of basalt as storage formation requires additional conditions which must be carefully considered - mineralization mechanism can vary significantly depending on factors such as the basalt composition and injection zone properties: for instance, precipitation of carbonate and silicate minerals can reduce the injectivity into the formation. In addition, there is a risk of polluting the subsurface environment due to the combination of pressure increase and induced rock-CO2-fluid reactions upon injection. As dissolution of CO2 into fluids is required prior to injection, monitoring techniques different from conventional methods are needed. Hence, in order to facilitate efficient and stable underground storage of CO2 in basalt, it is necessary to select a suitable storage formation, accumulate various database of the field, and conduct systematic research utilizing experiments/modeling/field studies to develop comprehensive understanding of the potential storage site.

Pervaporation of binary Water/Methanol and Water/Butanol Mixtures through Zeolite 4A Membranes: Experiments and Modeling (제올라이트 4A 분리막을 이용한 물/메탄올, 물/부탄올 혼합물의 투과증발 특성 연구: 실험 및 모형)

  • Oh, Woong-Jin;Jung, Jae-Chil;Yeo, Jeong-gu;Lee, Jung Hyun;Kim, Hyunuk;Park, Young Cheol;Lee, Dong-Ho;Moon, Jong-Ho;Cho, Churl-Hee
    • Membrane Journal
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.487-498
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    • 2017
  • In this study, pervaporation performances of water/methanol and water/butanol mixture were evaluated using zeolite 4A membranes manufacutred by FINETECH by experimental works and numerical modeling. Permeation and separation characteristics, such as flux and separation factor, were analyzed by gas chromatography (TCD) and liquid nitrogen traps. Experiments have shown that water is selectively separated from a mixture of water and methanol (separation factor up to approximately 250) and water and butanol (separation factor up to approximately 1,500). Generalized Maxwell Stefan (GMS) theory was implemented to predict pervaporation behaviors of water/alcohol mixtures and diffusional coefficients of zeolite layer were obtained through parameter estimation using $MATLAB^{(R)}$ optimization toolbox. Since the pore size of zeolite 4A are much larger than kinetic diameter of water molecules and smaller than those of methanol and butanol, zeolite 4A membranes can be applied to in situ water removal process such as membrane reactors or hybrid reaction-dehydration process.

Carbon Dioxide-based Plastic Pyrolysis for Hydrogen Production Process: Sustainable Recycling of Waste Fishing Nets (이산화탄소 기반 플라스틱 열분해 수소 생산 공정: 지속가능한 폐어망 재활용)

  • Yurim Kim;Seulgi Lee;Sungyup Jung;Jaewon Lee;Hyungtae Cho
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.62 no.1
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    • pp.36-43
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    • 2024
  • Fishing net waste (FNW) constitutes over half of all marine plastic waste and is a major contributor to the degradation of marine ecosystems. While current treatment options for FNW include incineration, landfilling, and mechanical recycling, these methods often result in low-value products and pollutant emissions. Importantly, FNWs, comprised of plastic polymers, can be converted into valuable resources like syngas and pyrolysis oil through pyrolysis. Thus, this study presents a process for generating high-purity hydrogen (H2) by catalytically pyrolyzing FNW in a CO2 environment. The proposed process comprises of three stages: First, the pretreated FNW undergoes Ni/SiO2 catalytic pyrolysis under CO2 conditions to produce syngas and pyrolysis oil. Second, the produced pyrolysis oil is incinerated and repurposed as an energy source for the pyrolysis reaction. Lastly, the syngas is transformed into high-purity H2 via the Water-Gas-Shift (WGS) reaction and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). This study compares the results of the proposed process with those of traditional pyrolysis conducted under N2 conditions. Simulation results show that pyrolyzing 500 kg/h of FNW produced 2.933 kmol/h of high-purity H2 under N2 conditions and 3.605 kmol/h of high-purity H2 under CO2 conditions. Furthermore, pyrolysis under CO2 conditions improved CO production, increasing H2 output. Additionally, the CO2 emissions were reduced by 89.8% compared to N2 conditions due to the capture and utilization of CO2 released during the process. Therefore, the proposed process under CO2 conditions can efficiently recycle FNW and generate eco-friendly hydrogen product.