• BMB Reports
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.342-347
• /
• 2012

Plant mitochondria possess alternative respiratory pathways mediated by the type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases and alternative oxidases. Here, E3 SUMO ligase was shown to regulate alternative respiratory pathways and to participate in the maintenance of carbon and nitrogen balance in Arabidopsis. The transcript abundance of the type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases NDA2 and NDB2 and alternative oxidases AOX1a and AOX1d genes was low in siz1-2 mutants compared to that in wild-type. The addition of nitrate or ammonium resulted in a decrease or an increase in the expression of the same gene families, respectively, in both wild-type and siz1-2 mutants. The amount of free sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was lower in siz1-2 mutants than that in wild-type. These results indicate that low nitrate reductase activity due to the AtSIZ1 mutation is correlated with an overall decrease in alternative respiration and with a low carbohydrate content to maintain the carbon to nitrogen ratio in siz1-2 mutants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.641-645
• /
• 1990

In order to study the influence of culture conditions on cell growth and lipid formation by Mucor sp, various carbon and nitrogen sources initial pH and C./N ratio of medium were investigated. Glucose was found to be suitable carbon source in terms of lipid yield and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid(GLA) content. When NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 were used as nitrogen source lipid content was high(19-21%) but GLA content was low(15-17%) On the other hand when NaNO3 and KNO3 were used lipid content was low(about 13%) but GLA content was high(22-23%). The highest production of lipid was obtained at a C/N ratio of 40 using glucose and (NH4)2SO4 as carbon and nitrogen source respectively. it was found that lipid yield was high at pH4.6 Also this fungus did not grow at 35$^{\circ}C$ and lipid yield was highr at 15$^{\circ}C$ than $25^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2003

This research was made to determine the optimum mixing ratio cattle manure and food waste investigating the effect that gets the growth and reproductive efficiency of earthworm and productivity of earthworm casts at processing process when handled cattle manure and food waste by vermicomposting, in order to establish the treatment system of organic wastes by vermicomposting. Survival ratio of earthworm was highest in the mixing ratio 80~100% : 20~0% of cattle manure and food Waste, and the increasing ratio was highest in cattle manure 100%, and the number of young worms, the weight of young worms and the productivity of earthworm casts in plots more than the mixing ratio 60% of cattle manure were significantly higher than in the other treatment plots(p<0.05). Total nitrogen and carbon contents in earthworm cast were decreased when rearing time of earthworm was increased. Carbon and nitrogen rate(C/N) of earthworm cast in plots more than the mixing ratio 80% of cattle manure was significantly higher than in the other treatment plots(p<0.05). pH in earthworm cast was higher than that in residual matter. The contents of electrolytic conductivity in the higher mixing ratio of food waste were significantly higher than those in the other treatment plots(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.13-23
• /
• 2003

Organic carbon and nitrogen contents in suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediments in seawater were measured in the Northern East China Sea in summer. The distribution of particulate organic carbon(POC) and particulate organic nitrogen(PON) were in the ranges of 54~481㎍/ℓ and 6~85㎍/ℓ, respectively, with relatively high level of concentrations in the western and southern sides of the study area. Also, there has been a significantly positive correlation between POC and PON, gradually increasing toward the deeper range of depth. Average C:N ratios of POC and PON of SPM were 6 in study area. The ratios of POC to PON of SPM increased as the range of depth increased, indicating nitrogen decomposes more rapidly than carbon and is considered to be influenced by the input of detritus from surface sediments. The distribution of total organic matter(TOM), total organic carbon(TOC) and total organic nitrogen(TON) in surface sediments were in the ranges of 3.1~9.6%, 0.282~0.635% and 0.022~0.069%, respectively, with relatively low range in the western and northern sides of the study area. The ratio of TOC to TON of surface sediments were in the range of 9.8~17.4(average of 13), strongly indicating the active role of the input from the terrestrial organic pollutants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.07b
• /
• pp.872-875
• /
• 2003

Carbon nitride($CN_x$) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates using reactive RF magnetron sputtering system at uarious deposition conditions and investigated dielectric characteristics. Samples for capacitance measurements were of the MIM(Metal-Insulator-Metal) type devices. Aluminum film electrodes were prepared by a vacuum thermal evaporation method before and after the deposition of carbon nitride films. Capacitances were measured by a FLUKE PM6306 RCL Meter at room temperature. Current-voltage(I-V) characteristics and resistivity were measured by a CATS CA-EDA semiconductor test and analyzer. The carbon nitride films showed ${\alpha}-C_3N_4$ and ${\beta}-C_3N_4$ etc. peaks through Raman and FTIR. Observed surface of film and side structure using SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), and measured thickness of film by ${\alpha}-step$. We can find that the dielectric constant was the lowest value in 50% nitrogen ratio and the resistivity was the highest value in 70% nitrogen ratio.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.55-59
• /
• 1989

To determine the accurate C/N ratio of compost, biodegradable carbon and nitrogen in compost must be analyzed. In biodegradable nitrogen analyzed by Kjeldahl Method, nitrate and nitrite which are available for microbes can not be detected at all. By means of $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method, nitrate and nitrite can be detected. Therefore, various nitrogens in compost were analyzed by Kjeldahl and $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method to investigate the seasonal changes of various C/N ratios of compost. C/N ratios in compost analyzed by Kjeldahl and $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method were decreased rapidly within 2 weeks after composting, then were not changed to 6 weeks, and thereafter were decreased slowly with the lapse of composting time. C/N ratios analyzed by Kjeldahl Method were higher than those analyzed by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method. C/N ratios of total carbon/total nitrogen analyzed by Kjeldahl Method were higher(5 as C/N ratio or 36%) than those of biodegradable carbon/biodegradable nitrogen analyzed by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method. Highly positive correlations were observed among C/N ratios of total carbon/total nitrogen analyzed by Kjeldahl Method total carbon/total nitrogen analyzed by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method and biodegradable carbon/biodegradable nitrogen analyzed by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method one another.

• Composites Research
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.336-340
• /
• 2020

In this study, carbon aerogels (CA) were prepared by sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol and furfural in isopropanol using hexamethylenetetramine as a catalyst, and then directly drying the organic gels under isopropanol freeze-drying conditions, followed by carbonization under a nitrogen atmosphere. The preparation conditions of the CA were explored by changing the mole ratio of resorcinol to furfural. The effect of the preparation conditions on the pore structure of the CA was studied by nitrogen adsorption isotherms. The characteristics of the CA were studied by scanning and transition electron microscopy, and infrared spectrometry. The accessibility of pores and performance of the CA as an electrode in electric double layer capacitors were also electrochemically investigated. As a result, BET surface area and specific capacitance increased with the molar ratio of resorcinol to catalyst (R/C) ratio; the maximum values of 765 ㎡/g and 132 F/g were achieved at the R/C ratio of 200, respectively. Consequently, it was confirmed that increasing the R/C ratio increased the average pore size of the CA electrode, which improved the rate capability of the system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 1990

Pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of decomposing degree of rice straw on growth characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, NC82. Tobacco growth was hindered by fresh straw of rice application. Generally, it was known that if organic matter of high Carbon/Nitrogen ratio had applied in soil, there was temporary nitrogen deficiency in plant caused by soil microorganism utilized nitrogen contained organic matter. In pot experiment, it was supposed that tobacco growth hindered by fresh straw of rice application was not nitrogen deficiency by soil microorganism, but gas toxicity by fresh straw of rice application.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2003

Amorphous carbon nitride thin films have been deposited on silicon (100) by reactive magnetron sputtering method. The basic depositon parameters varied were the r.f. power(up to 250 W), the deposition pressure in the reactor(up to 100 mtorr) and Ar:$N_2$ gas ratio. FT-IR and X-ray photoelectron spectra showed the presence of different carbon-nitrogen bonds in the films. The surface topography of the films was studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2010

In the study, the effects of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, carbon content, and C/N ratio of Phytolacca insularis and Phytolacca americana were examined under control (ambient $CO_2+$ ambient temperature) and treatment (elevated $CO_2+$ elevated temperature) for 2 years (2008 and 2009). The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of two plant species were higher under the treatment than the under the control. The stomatal conductance of P. insularis was higher under the control, but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature under the treatment. The chlorophyll contents of two species were decreased about 72.5% and 20%, respectively, by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. The nitrogen contents of two species were not significantly altered by increase in $CO_2$ and temperature. The carbon contents of the two species were higher under the treatment than under the control. The C/N ratio of P. insularis was higher under the treatment but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature. These results demonstrated that the physiological responses of P. insularis native plants might be more sensitively influenced by a $CO_2$-mediated global warming situation than those of the P. americana invasive plants.