• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2021

Purpose: To determine the extent of environmental contamination and the effect of disinfection around patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements and microbial culture tests. Methods: The subjects of this study were 10 patients hospitalized in a single room due to CRE from April 13 to 21, 2021. One hundred and sixty samples were collected using cotton swabs from the patients' environment including the surface and drain of sinks and toilet seats before and after disinfection of the room after discharge. Twenty-one samples were collected from the nurses' personal digital assistants (PDAs), keyboards, and computer mice before disinfection. The relative light units (RLUs) and CRE colony-forming units (CFU) of 181 samples were measured using ATP test equipment and chrome agar plates, respectively. Results: The highest RLUs were measured at the sink drains before and after disinfection. Four CRE samples from the sink drains (2), sink surface (1), and toilet bowl (1) before disinfection were cultured. Based on the failure criteria (≥ 250 RLU/cm² and ≥ 1 CFU/100 cm²), 90 % and 50 % of the samples from the drain exceeded the failure criteria before and after disinfection, respectively. In the culture tests, CRE was not detected after disinfection. Conclusion: According to the RLU and CFU measurements of drain samples, disinfection was not effective. Thus, improvements in the disinfection methods of drains, as well as more efficient and systematic environmental decontamination and disinfection evaluation tools, are needed to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection in various places.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2023

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections have increased rapidly over the past decade and are recognized as a severe health threat in Korea and worldwide. This study aimed to identify the status and characteristics of CRE infection in Jeju province and provide important basic data for the prevention and management of CRE infection. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on reported cases of CRE infection in Jeju Province between 2018 and 2021 using the integrated management system for disease, an infectious disease reporting system from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The annual difference and distribution trends of CRE infection were analyzed using CRE isolates, carbapenemase-producing CREs (CP-CRE) and their genotypes, and the type of medical institution in Jeju Province. CRE infections steadily increased in Jeju from 2018 to 2021, and the proportion of CP-CRE among the CREs also showed a statistically significant increase each year. Among the CRE isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC, 62.13%) was the most common, and among the CP-CRE genotypes, KPC (81.62%) showed the highest distribution and increased each year. As the distribution of CP-CRE in have increased over the past 4 years, measures to prevent the spread and outbreak of CRE infections are warranted. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for prevention and management of CRE infections in the province.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the colonization rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), the characteristics of CRE isolates, and risk factors for CRE colonization in patients transferred to the general wards of a small/medium-sized hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent CRE culture tests within 24 hours of admission among patients transferred to a small/medium-sized hospital. Forty-seven patients confirmed as positive for CRE were classified as belonging to the patient group. For the control group, 235 patients (five times the number of the patient group) were matched by sex, age, and diagnosis, and then selected at random. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The CRE colonization rate was 5% (47 out of 933 patients), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (68.0%) was the most common isolate of CRE. The positivity rate of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 61.7%. The risk factors for CRE colonization included renal disease (odds ratio [OR]=4.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-16.31), heart disease (OR=3.86; 95% CI, 1.35-11.01), indwelling urinary catheters (OR=4.43; 95% CI, 1.59-12.36), and cephalosporin antibiotic use (OR=8.57; 95% CI, 1.23-59.60). Conclusion: Having a comorbid renal or cardiac disease, an indwelling urinary catheter, or a history of exposure to cephalosporin antibiotics could be classified as risk factors for CRE colonization in patients transferred to small and medium-size hospitals. It is necessary to perform active infection control through proactive CRE culture testing of patients with risk factors.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.303-307
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• 2010

임상분리 균주인 A. baumannii 1625는 imipenem (carbapenem 계열)을 포함한 대부분의 ${\beta}$-lactam계열의 항생제들과 kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin 및 제 3세대와 4세대 cephalosporin 계열의 항생제들에 광범위한 내성을 나타내었고, 한국에서는 드문 IMP-1형 metallo-${\beta}$-lactamase (MBL)를 생성하는 균주임이 확인되었다. A. baumannii 1625는 약 2.5 kb 크기의 class 1 integron을 갖고 있었으며, 이 integron내에 aminoglycoside계열 내성 유전자인 accA4, carbapenem 계열 내성 유전자인 $bla_{IMP-1}$, 광범위한 ${\beta}$-lactam 내성 유전자인 $bla_{OXA-2}$ 유전자 cassette들이 차례대로 위치해 있음을 확인하였는데, 이것은 IMP-1형과 OXA-2형 ${\beta}$-lactamase의 유전자를 같은 integron내에 동시에 갖는 새로운 배열 및 구조로서 이전에 국내에서 보고된 바 없는 것이다. 이 2.5 kb 크기의 integron을 항생제 내성이 없는 E. coli에 형질전환 시켰을 때, imipenem, ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, aztreonam 등의 항생제들에 대하여 8배 이상 증가된 내성정도를 보였다. 이는 A. baumannii 1625의 integron이 다제내성을 부여하는 기능을 하고 있음을 보여준다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2019

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)와 같은 carbapenem 분해효소의 급속한 증가와 보급은 의료 관련 감염 분야 내에서 주요한 문제가 되었다. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) 감염을 치료하기 위한 항생제는 거의 없으므로 내성의 박테리아 메커니즘의 확인은 감염 통제와 역학 연구에 매우 중요하다. 그러므로 KPC 균주를 검출하는 신속하고 효과적인 방법은 치료상의 실패를 피하고, 이러한 다제 내성세균의 유통을 방지 및 통제하는 대책으로 도입할 필요가 있다. 분석에 이용한 31균주에서 Acinetobacter spp. 7균주, Morganella morganii 6균주, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5균주, Proteus mirabilis 5균주, Proteus vulgaris 1균주, Enterobacter cloacae 2균주, Enterobacter aerogenes 1균주, Klebsiella pneumoniae 1균주, Klebsiella oxytoca 1균주, Serratia marcescens 1균주, Escherichia coli 1균주를 확인하였다. 그람음성 간균이 분리된 검체의 빈도는 urine (35.5%), blood (19.4%), sputum (16.1%), pus (9.7%), ascitic fluid (9.7%), tracheal aspirates (6.5%), bile juice (3.2%) 순으로 나타났다. PCR 방법을 이용한 유전자분석 결과 bla_IMP, bla_VIM, bla_OXA-48 에서는 증폭이 확인된 균주가 없었으나, Klebsiella oxytoca 1 균주에서 bla_KPC 유전자를 확인하였다. 결론적으로, PCR 방법을 이용한 진단법은 KPC를 정확하고 신속하게 진단할 수 있으며, 그로 인해 병원 내 KPC의 전파방지를 위한 신속한 예방대책 수립이 가능하다 할 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.463-464
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• 1997

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.163-165
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• 1988

Penicillin G potassium salt was transformed in high yield to 4-acetoxy-3-phenylacetaminoazetidinone by treatment of mercury acetate, ozonolysis and methanol in sequence.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 춘계총회 및 학술대회
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• pp.130.1-130.1
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• 2000

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2011

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, Gram-negative, glucose-nonfermenting bacterium, which has emerged as a serious opportunistic pathogen. Recently, outbreaks of carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa give rise to significant therapeutic challenges for treating nosocomial infections. The genes of metallo-${\beta}$-lactamase (MBL), a powerful carbapenemase, are carried as a part of the mobile gene cassettes inserted into integrons playing an important role in rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial isolates. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of integron in imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. A total of 61 consecutive, non-duplicate, and imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from a university hospital in the Chungcheong province of Korea. We employed repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) method for the selection of clonally different P. aerusinosa strains. PCR and DNA sequencing were conducted for the detection of integrons. Twenty-one clonally different P. aeruginosa strains were isolated. Only one (P28) of the strains harbored $bla_{VIM-2}$ that was found as gene cassettes in class 1 integrons. Four of 21 carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains harbored class 1 integron containing aminoglycoside resistance determinant. All of the integrons detected in the study contained more than one resistance gene cassette, which can mediate resistance to multiple antibiotics. To prevent further spreading of the multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa, conseguent monitoring and clinical polices are required.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.34-35
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• 1993

The Development of new asymmetric induction methods useful for syntheses of biologically active natural products and drugs, using C4-chiral 1,3-th-iazolidine-2-thiones, has been a recent focus of interest. 1-8) The present account describes the significance of particular heterocycles in the synthetic development of new 1${\beta}$-substituted carbapenems. A fungal metabolite, (＋)-thienamycin (1) has attracted one's attention as a hopeful candidate for new-generation antibiotic drugs because of its strong antimicrobial activities and wide antimicrobial spectra due to the extensive inhibition against various ${\beta}$-lactamases. However, it has been serious problems toward a practically useful drug that (＋)-thienamycin is fairly labile in the solution and can be metabolized by renal dehydropept- idase-I (DHP-I). Recently, a Merck Sharp ＆ Dohme research group exploited a non-natural ${\beta}$-lactam, imipenem (2) which has been appeared in the drug market as the first carbapenem-type antibiotic drug. 9) However 2 must be used with a DHP-I inhibitor, cilastatin sodium (3).9) Thus, a 1,${\beta}$-methyl- carbapenem derivative 4 has been disclosed by the same group. 10) It seems to be more hopeful candidate as a new-generation antibiotic because it can directly resist against metabolism by the renal DHP-1 without an enzyme inhibitor 3. 10)